右心, 左心圧の異常は
身体所見のみで判断可能 The American Journal of Medicine (2011) 124, 1051-1057
カテ施行予定の116名を総勢9名の専門医, レジデントが評価
述べ215例において,
身体所見のみ vs 身体所見+エコー vs 身体所見+BNP値の3つの
評価基準を用いて右心機能異常(RA圧≥10mmHg),
左心機能異常(PCWP≥15mmHg)の有無を判断. カテ所見と比較.
身体所見は,
JVH, AJR, 前胸部触診, 聴診, 肺聴診, 末梢所見を評価し,
右心機能を反映: JVH, 末梢の浮腫, 腹水,
左心機能を反映: AJR, ギャロップ, 湿性ラ音 として評価.
その後にエコー or NT-pro-BNP評価を施行.
病歴, Lab, 問診は全てBlind. カテ前10-60minに上記評価施行
stention (jugular venous pressure Ͼ9 cm) or gallop Table 2 Accuracy for Examination and Noninvasive Tests for
(Figure 1). The overall accuracy of physical exam- Detecting Normal vs Abnormal Right and Left Heart Filling
alone was 71% for right heart pressures and 60% for
Outcome; Pressures
rt pressures 1054 2). Individual data for each ex-
(Table The American Journal of Medicine, Vol 124, No 11
is provided in the Supplementary Table (online). Accuracy for Accuracy for
身体所見のみでも,
o-derived parameters and NT-pro-BNP also were RFP (%) LFP (%)
A
dividually predictive of cardiac filling pressures (Ta- Examination alone B 153/215 (71) 128/215 (60)
although thereエコー追加, BNP追加群とNormal
were no differences in the accuracy of NT-pro-BNP
Abnormal 40 Ϫ 73/109 (67)
Left Heart Left Heart
Echo E/e’ ratio
the noninvasive tests compared with one another or Pressures Pressures Ϫ 101/169 (60)
Pressures (mmHg)
比較して, 診断精度は同等. Echo inferior vena cava 30 142/190 (75)
Left Heart Filling
amination alone. Jugular venous pressure measured Ϫ
mination was predictive of abnormal right heart fill- 70* BNP38 B-natriuretic peptide; LFP ϭ left heart filling pressure;
Normal ϭ
Right Heart 20
ssures (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79, P Ͻ.0001) (33%) (17%)
Pressures RFP ϭ right heart filling pressure.
All P Ͻ.001 compared with chance alone (Fisher’s exact test). P ϭ NS for
heart filling pressures (AUC 0.70, P Ͻ.0001). The 10 r=0.62, p<0.0001
all noninvasive tests compared with examination alone (McNemar Test).
or prediction of abnormal left heart filling pressure
Abnormal
6 101* Left = 9.2 + 0.75*Right
Right Heart
Pressures (3%) (47%) 0
JVDとギャロップは有意にPCWP高値を示唆する所見であった. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Right Heart Filling Pressures (mmHg)
C D
30 p<0.0001 30 p=0.002
Pressures (mmHg)
Pressures (mmHg)
Left Heart Filling
Left Heart Filling
20 20
10 10
0 0
No Jugular Vein Jugular Vein No Gallop +Gallop
Distention Distention
The American Journal of Medicine Figure 124, 1051-1057
(2011) (A) Left- and right-sided filling pressures determined at catheterization were
• S3とS4を聞く
• S3は拡張早期; A弁が閉鎖し, M弁が開いた後であり,
タイミングはS2の直後(120-180ms後)
lub du bub lub du bub lub du bub
Kentuchy, おっ母さん など
• S4は拡張後期; S1の直前に聞こえる.
心房収縮で生じる音のため, Atrial gallopとか呼ばれる.
be lub dub be lub dub
Tennessee, おとっつあん など
• 聞くコツは?
• S3,4は20-70Hzの低音域であり, ベル >> 膜でよく聞こえる.
ベルでハッキリ聞こえ, 膜で減弱するならばS3,4.
分裂は逆に膜でハッキリ聞こえる.
• 心室の音であり, 左心室由来では心尖部,
右心室由来では胸骨左縁で最も良く聞こえる.