UX
“User experience” encompasses all aspects of the end-user's
interaction with the company, its services, and its products.
エンドユーザーと 開発者・サービス・製品
との間に生まれるすべての相互作用
The Definition of User Experience by Jakob Nielsen and Don Norman
http://www.nngroup.com/articles/definition-user-experience/
❶ UXデザインってなに
7
“User experience” encompasses all aspects of the end-user's
interaction with the company, its services, and its products.
ワニと 飼育員・来園者・飼育環境
との間に生まれるすべての相互作用
The Definition of User Experience by Jakob Nielsen and Don Norman
http://www.nngroup.com/articles/definition-user-experience/
ワニUX
❶ UXデザインってなに
8
GARRICK, LANG, AND HERZOG: ALLIGATOR SIGNALS
Inflated Posture. During an inflated posture
the back is upwardly arched, the body inflated,
the tail wagging, and mouth open (fig. 7F).
The posture may be followed by a low growl.
It is employed by males and females. Thirty-
eight inflated postures were specifically re-
corded; the duration of the posture varied from
approximately 11 seconds to 2 minutes. An alli-
gator in this posture appears quite formidable.
This posture terminated many agonistic encoun-
ters such as chases, lunges, and even fights
(Lang and Garrick, unpubl. observ.). After this
threatening display the animal to whom it is
directed flees. McIlhenny (1935) also described
this posture.
Snout Lifting. Snout lifting is the rapid lift-
ing of the partly opened mouth to an oblique
angle above the water's surface during an en-
counter with another alligator (fig. 7E). It may
be combined with rapid swimming away. An
example from the field notes illustrates the con-
text for this behavior:
At 0950 on March 29 a small alligator lifted its
snout as it passed by a large individual and
moved out of the water onto the bank.
Snout lifting was observed infrequently (n=5).
Snout lifting while in the water appears to be a
submissive or conciliatory signal. Two croco-
dile species (C. acutus and C. niloticus) em-
ploy pronounced, conspicuous snout lifting
more frequently than alligators in the same and
different contexts (Garrick and Lang, 1977).
NONVOCAL ACOUSTIC SIGNALS
Inaudible Bellow (subaudible vibrations).
An inaudible bellow is a "bellow" without
sound audible to the human ear. It has the
same movements as a bellow (see fig. 2), but
may include tail wagging. Only four were ob-
served; no approaches were noted.
At RARI, alligator inaudible bellows were
not observed, but a 2.7 m. American crocodile
(C. acutus) emitted subaudible vibrations from
a posture very similar to that observed during
alligator bellowing. These subaudible vibrations
stimulated bellowing by an American alligator
in an adjacent pen but with a common water
supply. This observation suggests that alligators
may use frequencies below the normal human
auditory range (perhaps utilizing the ear), and
that these vibrations are transmitted through
water.
A
B
'-s v~~~~~~~~~~~ F
~~ ~-t~~44:1:IV133:f.(. -,
:-
Nl
D
4E,
FIG 7. Postures and behaviors of adult alligators. A. Bellow growl posture (9). B. Narial geysering. C.
Hiss posture (9 at nest). D. Head emergent tail arched posture. E. Snout lifting (9). F. Inflated posture (d).
1978
175
I
I
'cl-
Ir-
E
事前準備
行動
カテゴリ
項目
休息
水中や陸上で、足を床につけた状態で何もしない
水中
水中でのResting。頭部
潜水
頭部が全て水中に入った
陸上
陸上でのResting。
個体的行動 移動せず動く 移動せず、その場でからだを動かす行動。
頭の向きを変える 頭部を30 以上動かす。
からだを動かす からだの向きを変える
頭を掻く
からだをひねり、後肢
あくび
口を大きく開き、すぐ
泡を出す
水中で口や鼻から空
移動
水中や陸上で移動する行動。全長の半分以上
歩行
水中や陸上で足を床
泳ぐ
水中で足を床につけ
水に入る
陸上からプール内へ
ら、尾の付け根部分
水から上がる プール内から陸上へ
尾の付け根部分が
Kicking
後肢を後方へ強く蹴り出す行動。尾は左右
対物行動 鼻先で触る
パイプくぐり
登り降り
コンクリートブロックや塀などの物体に
ブロックに登る
塀の上に登る
壁に寄り掛かる 前肢を壁面に掛
ある方向を見る 飼育場の外部に頭部と目線を向ける行動
その他
社会的行動 オスとの接触 同種オス個体と接触する行動。
接触
吻先やからだ
すり寄る
あごの下をオ
乗りかかる
オスがメスの
攻撃的行動 他の動物に対する攻撃的な行動。
警戒姿勢
他の動物が接
弓なりに曲
ことができ
排水パイプの下に頭やからだを入れる行動
抜け出す場合がある。
飼育場内にある物体(排水パイプ、コンク
面は含めない)に吻の先で接触する行動。
上記以外で,物体に対して行われる行動
たい水に接触する、プランターと壁面
表 4 ヨウスコウワニの行動目録
ワニの話 ― 行動観察入門