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User Stories,[object Object],Agile Software Development,[object Object]
Topics,[object Object],Objectives,[object Object],Brief History – Motivation,[object Object],Process Overview,[object Object],A User Story,[object Object],Writing Stories,[object Object],Managing,[object Object],Development Practices,[object Object],The Journey,[object Object],Summary,[object Object]
Objectives,[object Object],Discuss agile software development practices, with 30% focus on user stories,[object Object]
Brief History - Motivation,[object Object]
Brief History - Motivation,[object Object],g * Software,[object Object],Number of Feature,[object Object],m*t,[object Object], where ,[object Object],t   is proportional to  n*RequirementComplexity + b*DesignComplexity + Code + y*Feedback,[object Object],[object Object],t- iteration size,[object Object],g – Measure of usefulness, goodness,[object Object]
Process Overview,[object Object],Daily Standup,[object Object],Customer + Dev Team,[object Object],Story Workshop, Conversations, etc,[object Object],Customer Team,[object Object],I-Meet,[object Object],Customer + Dev Team,[object Object],Prioritize stories, estimate velocity,[object Object],R-Meet,[object Object],Customer + Dev Team,[object Object],Prioritize stories, estimate,[object Object]
A User Story,[object Object],3 parts,[object Object],Planning placeholder & reminder,[object Object],Notes from conversations,[object Object],Tests,[object Object],Not system’s point of view,[object Object]
User Story – Planning Placeholder & Reminder,[object Object],Taskboard & Release/Sprint Planning,[object Object],(VersionOne*),[object Object],Card Walls & Release/Sprint Planning,[object Object],(Mingle*),[object Object],*Mingle is a trademark of Thoughtworks,[object Object],*VersionOne is a trademark of VersionOne,[object Object]
Notes from conversations,[object Object],E.g.,[object Object],	Customer Service can search for orders so that they can quickly access the customer’s order when customer calls in to make changes to the delivery address,[object Object],Notes : Zie says always show customer name, order reference number, order date. ,[object Object]
Tests,[object Object],Conveys to developers additional information ,[object Object],Developers get an idea if they are done,[object Object],Treat as specification,[object Object]
Tests – Specification/Test Collaboration Framework,[object Object]
Questions,[object Object],What are the 3 parts of a user story?,[object Object]
Writing Stories,[object Object],Form and function,[object Object],Attributes INVEST,[object Object],Trawling,[object Object],Stories Smell,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - Form and function,[object Object],The role, goal and motivation.,[object Object],<role’s> wants to do <goal> because <motivation>,[object Object],Example : As an account holder, I want to transfer funds between two of my accounts so that I can maximize the performance of my savings and avoid any fees associated with overdrafts and minimum balance rules.,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - INVEST,[object Object],E.g. of non-independent story :,[object Object],Customer can pay for basket items using iPay88 payment gateway,[object Object],Customer can pay for basket items using WorldPay payment gateway,[object Object],Possible Solutions:,[object Object],Combine both,[object Object],If combining both is too large – split out the base work: ,[object Object],Customer can pay with one type of payment gateway,[object Object],Customer can pay with two additional types of payment gateway,[object Object]
Writing User Stories – INVEST ,[object Object],Too much detail such that the extra details is associated to extra precision – always negotiable,[object Object],Valuable to Users,[object Object],User easily understands : Test with Credit Card, Debit Card and Cheque,[object Object],User cannot understand : Test that Payment table contains the authorization id for credit card,[object Object],Acceptable to indicate non-functional requirements like : This feature is expected to be used by 200 users concurrently and at any one time 200 payment records can be shown quickly, may be in 2s.,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - INVEST,[object Object],Estimatable,[object Object],3 reasons for wrong estimation,[object Object],Story is too big,[object Object],Developers lack domain knowledge,[object Object],Developers lack technical knowledge,[object Object],[object Object]
Split to
Experiment within a specific time with the objectives of estimation - Spikes
Story to do the actual work,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - INVEST,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - Responsibilities,[object Object],Customer Team : Responsible for writing stories, keeping in mind INVEST,[object Object],Developer : Help customer write stories which lack details, do not assume and always have conversation but have it at the point when supporting information is available,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - Trawling for Requirements,[object Object],User stories workshop, interviews ( open ended and context free questions ) , observation & questionnaire,[object Object],Role Modeling, Personas , Extreme characters,[object Object]
Writing User Stories - Trawling for Requirements,[object Object],Higher Fidelity Prototype,[object Object],Low Fidelity Prototype,[object Object],Returns/Exchange,[object Object],Status,[object Object],Delivery Input,[object Object],Return Details,[object Object],Refund Details,[object Object],(Based on Payment),[object Object]
Story Smell Catalogues,[object Object],Stories are too small,[object Object],Interdependent Stories,[object Object],Goldplating,[object Object],Too many details,[object Object],Including user interface details too soon,[object Object],Thinking too far ahead,[object Object],Splitting too many stories,[object Object],Customer has trouble prioritizing,[object Object],Customer won’t write and prioritize stories,[object Object]
Questions,[object Object],What does INVEST stands for?,[object Object],Who constitute the Customer team?,[object Object],What are the tools available for trawling for requirements?,[object Object]
Managing,[object Object]
Managing - Planning,[object Object],Too many variables, too far ahead and replanning with better information not planned for ,[object Object], 75% of all US IT projects are considered to be failures by those responsible for initiating them. ,[object Object],Half of the projects exceeded budget by 200%,[object Object],31% of projects were cancelled outright ,[object Object],53% of the all projects was so worrying that they were challenged.,[object Object]
Managing – Planning.Estimating,[object Object],Establish definition of story points,[object Object],Velocity = (Story Points Completed)/Sprint,[object Object],Previous velocity can be used to estimate,[object Object],Tools : ,[object Object],Estimating : Tasks, Triangulating with Card Wall, Planning Poker,[object Object]
Managing – Planning.Estimating,[object Object]
Managing – Cost.Resource,[object Object],Developers are not Codys,[object Object]
Managing – Planning.Release,[object Object],Two areas,[object Object],Features/Stories,[object Object],Prioritization : MoSCow,[object Object],Time ,[object Object],Iteration Length,[object Object],Time to complete - Product Roadmap,[object Object],Move from story points to expected duration,[object Object],Product will be ready for release in approximately 5-7 iteration,[object Object]
Managing – Planning.Sprint,[object Object],Discuss a stories,[object Object],For each stories disaggregate into tasks,[object Object],Small enough to be accurate,[object Object],Developer accepts responsibility for each task,[object Object],Individually ensures estimate,[object Object],What! No task for upfront design?,[object Object]
Managing - Controls,[object Object],Release,[object Object],Burndown charts – sprint (x-axis),[object Object],Sprint,[object Object],Daily burndown charts – day (x-axis),[object Object],Daily,[object Object],NotStarted,InProgress,Completed - Cardwalls,[object Object],Standup,[object Object]
Managing - Rules of the Game,[object Object],No changes to during a sprint,[object Object],Customer stay involves all the time,[object Object]
User Stories,[object Object],Not,[object Object],IEEE 830 ,[object Object],Use cases – sized to deliver business value, “level of detail”,[object Object],Why,[object Object],Emphasize of quick chat,[object Object],Comprehensible by everyone,[object Object],Right size for planning,[object Object],Works for iterative development,[object Object],Defer details to a right point in time,[object Object],Support opportunistic design,[object Object],Encourages participatory design,[object Object],Build up tacit knowledge,[object Object],Stories may not be good,[object Object],ISO 9001 companies – Will have an issue with tear up stories ,[object Object]
Team Practices,[object Object],Start off with simple design, but expect changes ,[object Object],Refactoring ( and consequently test ) is important,[object Object],Test Automation is crucial,[object Object],Architecture, UML, use cases and agile software development,[object Object],Middle out,[object Object]
Questions,[object Object],What are the tools used in estimation?,[object Object],What is done in Release Planning?,[object Object],What are the tools used in Release Planning?,[object Object],Completion vs Number of Stories Points – which is preferred?,[object Object],Name the Team Practices.,[object Object],How do you deal with unplanned tasks?,[object Object]
The Journey,[object Object]
The Journey - Build,[object Object]
The Journey - Communication,[object Object]
Summary,[object Object],	You can’t do agile you just have to be agile,[object Object]

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Agile User Stories

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Editor's Notes

  1. Human’s capability to design without feedback is poor. Typically large upfront requirements and design will typically changeKey is to find that right balance – finding that balance differ from person to personIdea is start coding at the right time, so requirements can be
  2. Customer team : Product Management, user ( if possible actual user ), testerCustomer PrioritiesDesirability from a broad base usersDesirability of the feature to a small number of important usersCohesiveness Developer PrioritiesTechnical riskCohesivenessStandupMeeting – think about a maximum of 3 things the team like to know about your work
  3. Epic – very large stories with a large value for estimatesUser stories emphasize verbal rather than written communicationComprehensible by both you and the developersRight size for planningUser stories defer details until you have the best understanding about what you really need-> Stories can contain stories, just describe a large story and rip it up later splitting it to multiple stories
  4. How much details is enough? The notes on the card is not important, it’s just to be a reminder, if you can remember don’t put it in.There are details that developers already think they know, it’s important that developer don’t assume – have the conversation and jot things down, don’t get too much detail, start coding first and get the feedback
  5. Who:Customer teamWhen : During conversations between customer + developer and want to capture explicit detailsDedicated effort at the start of an iterationAfter programming of the storyWhat :-What else do the programmers need to know about this story-What am I assuming aout how this story will be implemented-What are the circumstances when this story may behave differently-What can go wrong during this storyFunctional in nature but possible to include ui flow, usability testing, performance testing, stress testingHow Needs to be automated – see fitnesseTesting for bugs not coverageAdd a test for each bug
  6. Stories may not be independent initially, if
  7. Issues, since there will be multiple gateway, the developer spend an upfront design and development for the base components and then provide the specific implementation and testing for each of the gateway
  8. Epics fall into two types : Compound-split but retain cohesivenessComplex – pull research away from functionalityEg. complex algorithm, complex business process
  9. Needs to be testable
  10. Tools : Role ModelingCustomer Team
  11. Constantly adjust plan to reflect the knowledge we gain from each iteration
  12. Can be the 3 hours of solid work half dayCan be the ideal 8 hour work day, etc.Can be the 3 hours of solid work half day of two developers
  13. Not every developer are the same – different backgroundsEstimating as a team levels outEveryone tries to complete as a team – prefers completing stories over starting new ones, Organization Development
  14. Time Select iteration length Time to completePrioritizationBroadbase usersImportant usersCohesivenessCustomer Team Prioritizes with the help of the team
  15. Personally I think upfront design is essential to be efficient, finding out the right balance is important – it should be allocated and the amount of time spend should be short – the longer the more complicated
  16. Scenarios too much upfront details
  17. What does test needs