MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line

j trant
j trantpartner at archives & museum informatics
could tagging and folksonomy
       improve access to
art museum collections on-line?
                J. Trant
    Archives & Museum Informatics
          MCN2008 | November 2008



                            http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
access to collections




             http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Access to Collections


From: J. P. xxxxxx@xxxxxx.com
Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2006 11:24:43 -0700
To: timeline@metmuseum.org
Subject: Looking for a painting

Please help:

I have been looking on and off for years for this painting. The painting is of a
very well dressed renaissance man standing in a room (a library) in front of him
on a table is a large hour glass. The painting has very rich colors. I have talked
to a lot of people and they have said they have seen this painting but can't
remember its name or the name of the artist.

Could you please use your resources to find this painting?




                   Reference Questions
                                                                        c.f. Catechism Project, Janney & Sledge
Access to Collections




Possibly the desired painting
                        Ian Morrison’s “things we just happen to have in our head” method
Access to Collections
Access to Collections



What “J. P.” knows   What a Met curator knows
                     Portrait of a Man, ca. 1520–25
painting             Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino)
Renaissance          (Italian, Brescian, born about 1498, died 1554)
                     Oil on canvas; 34 1/4 x 32 in. (87 x 81.3 cm)
standing             Rogers Fund, 1928 (28.79)
man                  Provenance: Maffei, Brescia (by 1760, as quot;Ritratto d'uomo con
very well dressed    carta in mano, ed Orologio, di Callisto da Lodiquot;); by descent to
                     contessa Beatrice Erizzo Maffei Fenaroli Avogadro, Palazzo
library              Fenaroli, Brescia (by 1853–at least 1857, as by Moretto); her
                     daughter, contessa Maria Livia Fenaroli Avogadro, later marchesa
hourglass            Fassati, Brescia (in 1862); her son, marchese Ippolito Fassati,
                     Milan (by 1878–at least 1912); [Elia Volpi, Florence, by 1915–16;
table                sold to Knoedler]; [Knoedler, New York, 1916–28; sold to MMA]

rich colors
             What they both know ...
Access to Collections

robe
Renaissance
scholar
scroll
time
trees




                         from MMA proof of concept
Access to Collections
  bangs
robe
  beard
  border
Renaissance
  cape
scholar
  contemplation
  elbow
scroll
  hourglass
time
  landscape
trees
  learned
  man
  mountain
  moustache
  nobleman
  painting
  portrait
  ring            volunteer supplied tags
  robe                  might help
  Renaissance                              from MMA proof of concept
Access to Collections




What questions do visitors ask of museums?
Access to Collections




How do users search on-line collections?
Access to Collections




       shark




How do users search on-line collections?
Access to Collections




shark




                      Text




    How do users search on-line collections?
Access to Collections




shark




                      Text


                                            ?
                                          only
                                        one shark
    How do users search on-line collections?
Access to Collections




                            CDWA


Describing works of art
Access to Collections




                            label text




                           curatorial
                           analysis




                            CDWA


Describing works of art
Access to Collections




≠sharks!
           http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Access to Collections




mis-match between
interests of visitor
 and the museum

as expressed in their
     vocabulary.
research question

Can tagging and folksonomy
improve online access to art
        collections?




                 http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Research Questions


         gilded
         animal
        bejeweled
          antler
         rearing
          deer
                               Artist
         woman                 (Nationality, Dates)
                               Title, Date
                               Medium
         action                Dimensions

         hunting
                               Ownership
                               Notes                           museum
                               ...

         luxury
                               documents
          dog
          bow
         horse
                    object
         leaping
        huntress

users     tag                                                    J. Trant, Jan 28, 2008
                                                      based on Wyman et al. 2006, Fig.2




          a model of tagging
                             http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Research Questions




                  users                        folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
              who assigns                   what kinds of terms
                                                                                   are terms found in...
            how many terms?                   are assigned?
                                                                                                             Art and
                                                                                                           Architecture
                                                                                                           Thesaurus
                                                  terms
               tag        works of art
                                                assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                              (AAT)

                                                                                          records           Union List
                                                                                                            of Artists
                                                                                                             Names
            how does users'                       terms                                                      (ULAN)
             tagging differ?                    assigned 2
                                                                                        searches of
                                                                                         art image
                                                                                         databases




                                                                                        works of art
J. Trant, February 2008
                                                         are terms applicable to
based on Trant 2006




                                         Research Process
Research Questions




                  users                        folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
              who assigns                   what kinds of terms
                                                                                   are terms found in...
            how many terms?                   are assigned?
                                                                                                             Art and
                                                                                                           Architecture
                                                                                                           Thesaurus
                                                  terms
               tag        works of art
                                                assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                              (AAT)

                                                                                          records           Union List
                                                                                                            of Artists
                                                                                                             Names
            how does users'                       terms                                                      (ULAN)
             tagging differ?                    assigned 2
                                                                                        searches of
                                                                                         art image
                                                                                         databases




                                                                                        works of art
J. Trant, February 2008
                                                         are terms applicable to
based on Trant 2006




                                         Research Process
the experiment
and our findings



          http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Research Questions: Tagging




                  users                         folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
              who assigns                    what kinds of terms
                                                                                    are terms found in...
            how many terms?                    are assigned?
                                                                                                              Art and
                                                                                                            Architecture
                                                                                                            Thesaurus
                                                   terms
               tag        works of art
                                                 assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                               (AAT)

                                                                                           records           Union List
                                                                                                             of Artists
                                                                                                              Names
            how does users'                        terms                                                      (ULAN)
             tagging differ?                     assigned 2
                                                                                         searches of
                                                                                          art image
                                                                                          databases




                                                                                         works of art
J. Trant, February 2008
                                                          are terms applicable to
based on Trant 2006




                                         What was tagged?
Research Questions: Tagging




                  users                         folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
              who assigns                    what kinds of terms
                                                                                    are terms found in...
            how many terms?                    are assigned?
                                                                                                              Art and
                                                                                                            Architecture
                                                                                                            Thesaurus
                                                   terms
               tag        works of art
                                                 assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                               (AAT)

                                                                                           records           Union List
                                                                                                             of Artists
                                                                                                              Names
            how does users'                        terms                                                      (ULAN)
             tagging differ?                     assigned 2
                                                                                         searches of
                                                                                          art image
                                                                                          databases




                                                                                         works of art
J. Trant, February 2008
                                                          are terms applicable to
based on Trant 2006




                                         What was tagged?
Research Questions: Tagging

                            Multi-Institutional Tagger: Works by Institution
                                                [all works]



                          The Metropolitan Museum of
                                      Art                              Boston Museum of Fine Arts
                                     14%                                         13%


                                                                                               Cleveland Museum of Art
                 Tate Modern                                                                             7%
                     3%

             Skirball                                                                               Denver Art Museum
                                                                                                           1%
               9%




                                                                                               Indianapolis Museum of Art
                                                                                                          13%

San Francisco Museum of
       Modern Art
          9%



                           Rubin                                                  Los Angeles County Museum
                            6%         Minneapolis Institute of Arts                         of Art
                                                  14%                                        11%




               Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged
                                                                                                                 Same MMA 251 in both sets
Research Questions: Tagging

                            Multi-Institutional Tagger: Works by Institution
                                                [all works]




                           1,784 works
                          The Metropolitan Museum of
                                      Art
                                     14%
                                                                       Boston Museum of Fine Arts
                                                                                 13%


                                                                                               Cleveland Museum of Art
                 Tate Modern                                                                             7%
                     3%

             Skirball                                                                               Denver Art Museum




                          11 museums
                                                                                                           1%
               9%




                                                                                               Indianapolis Museum of Art
                                                                                                          13%

San Francisco Museum of
       Modern Art
          9%



                           Rubin                                                  Los Angeles County Museum
                            6%         Minneapolis Institute of Arts                         of Art
                                                  14%                                        11%




               Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged
                                                                                                                 Same MMA 251 in both sets
Research Questions: Tagging




Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged
Research Questions: Tagging




       range of
        media


Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged
Research Questions: Tagging



     users                       folksonomy
  who assigns                 what kinds of terms
how many terms?                 are assigned?



                                    terms
  tag         works of art
                                  assigned 1



how does users'                     terms
 tagging differ?                  assigned 2




                                    Tags per work
                                                    # of tags # of taggers                    # tags per tagger
                                                   total distinct  total             total tags               distinct tags
                                                                             high low average std. dev. high low average std. dev.
                                       all works
                                         work 1
                                         work 2
                                         work 3




                         Study Terms Assigned
Research Questions: Tagging



     users                       folksonomy
  who assigns                 what kinds of terms
how many terms?                 are assigned?



                                    terms
  tag         works of art
                                  assigned 1                             descriptive statistics
                                                                          • tagger velocity
how does users'                     terms
                                  assigned 2
                                                                          • tag variation
 tagging differ?




                                    Tags per work
                                                    # of tags # of taggers                    # tags per tagger
                                                   total distinct  total             total tags               distinct tags
                                                                             high low average std. dev. high low average std. dev.
                                       all works
                                         work 1
                                         work 2
                                         work 3




                         Study Terms Assigned
Research Questions: Tagging


        Multi-Institution Tagger                  Single-Institution Tagger

 # of                              # of     # of                              # of
               # of tags                                  # of tags
works                              users   works                              users

             total   distinct      total               total    distinct      total

1,784      36,981    11,944        1,621    251       56,399    21,557        690




Characterizing Tagging: Basic Descriptive Statistics
Research Questions: Tagging


        Multi-Institution Tagger                  Single-Institution Tagger

 # of                              # of     # of                              # of
               # of tags                                  # of tags
works                              users   works                              users

             total   distinct      total               total    distinct      total

1,784      36,981    11,944        1,621    251       56,399    21,557        690



 22 tags /                                  82 tags /
Characterizing Tagging: Basic Descriptive Statistics

   user                                       user
Research Questions: Tagging




                         Multi-Institutional Tagger
                         Unregistered Users
                         Registered Users




Characterizing Tagging: Compare Registered | Unregistered
Research Questions: Tagging




                         Multi-Institutional Tagger
                         Unregistered Users
                         Registered Users



         registered users
             tag more

Characterizing Tagging: Compare Registered | Unregistered
Research Questions: Tagging



       Multi-Institutional Tagger: Sessions per Registered User


              6%                        6%
                                4 or more sessions

                                        4 or more sessions
                                       6%

       3 sessions  3 sessions
                      6%




        20%
      2 sessions
         20%


  2 sessions
                                                           68%
                                                          1 session
                                                            68%

                                                           1 session


Characterizing Tagging: Sessions per Registered User
                                                                unregistered users only come once by definition
Research Questions: Tagging
                                  Multi-Institutional Tagger: Tags per Work, Average by Object Type
                                        number of tags per object type divided by number of works of that object type
                                                   highlighted values for samples of fewer than 10 works

40



35
                                                                                                                                                             Average Tags / Work
                                                                                                                                                             Linear (Average Tags / Work)
              33.4
30



25                    27.1            27.0
                                               25.1
                                                         23.4             23.7
20                                                                                    22.2        21.6
                                                                                                           20.7          20.1

15
                                                                                                                                        16.4                       16.0
                                                                                                                                                                                14.5
                                                                                                                                                    13.4
10



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                                                                                                                                                                        tagsPerWork-080828.xls




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                                                                                                                                           D
Characterizing Tagging: Tags Per Work by Object Type
Research Questions: Tagging
                                  Multi-Institutional Tagger: Tags per Work, Average by Object Type
                                        number of tags per object type divided by number of works of that object type
                                                   highlighted values for samples of fewer than 10 works

40



35
                                                                                                                                                             Average Tags / Work
                                                                                                                                                             Linear (Average Tags / Work)
              33.4
30



25                    27.1            27.0
                                               25.1
                                                         23.4             23.7
20                                                                                    22.2        21.6
                                                                                                           20.7          20.1

15
                                                                                                                                        16.4                       16.0
                                                                                                                                                                                14.5
                                                                                                                                                    13.4
10




some works
 5


                                                                                                                                                                                               1.5
 0
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                                                                                                                                                                        tagsPerWork-080828.xls




                                                                                                                                               at
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Characterizing Tagging: Tags Per Work by Object Type
Research Questions: Tagging




                                       16%
                                       redundant
     84%
    novel




Characterizing Tagging: Vocabulary Stabilization?
Research Questions: Tagging




                                       16%
                                       redundant
     84%
    novel

   36,981      11,944
    tags      distinct
        31,032
Characterizing Tagging: Vocabulary Stabilization?


            tag/work pairs
Are tags new terms?



            http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Research Questions: Museum Documentation
research questions:
social tagging and folksonomy analysis


                    users                       folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
                who assigns                  what kinds of terms
                                                                                    are terms found in...
              how many terms?                  are assigned?
                                                                                                              Art and
                                                                                                            Architecture
                                                                                                            Thesaurus
                                                   terms
                 tag        works of art
                                                 assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                               (AAT)

                                                                                           records           Union List
                                                                                                             of Artists
                                                                                                              Names
              how does users'                      terms                                                      (ULAN)
               tagging differ?                   assigned 2
                                                                                         searches of
                                                                                          art image
                                                                                          databases




                                                                                         works of art
  J. Trant, February 2008
                                                          are terms applicable to
  based on Trant 2006




   Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation
research questions:
social tagging and folksonomy analysis


                    users                       folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
                who assigns                  what kinds of terms
                                                                                    are terms found in...
              how many terms?                  are assigned?
                                                                                                              Art and
                                                                                                            Architecture
                                                                                                            Thesaurus
                                                   terms
                 tag        works of art
                                                 assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                               (AAT)

                                                                                           records           Union List
                                                                                                             of Artists
                                                                                                              Names
              how does users'                      terms                                                      (ULAN)
               tagging differ?                   assigned 2
                                                                                         searches of
                                                                                          art image
                                                                                          databases




                                                                                         works of art
  J. Trant, February 2008
                                                          are terms applicable to
  based on Trant 2006




   Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




Museum Documentation: Catalogue Records On-line
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




                                     Museum
   New Tags
                Tags      ?        Documentation




                       Redundant
                         tags




Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




                                          14%
                                          yes
      86%
unmatched



 Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




                                          14%
                                          yes
      86%
unmatched
                most tags
                are new
 Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




sculpture
photograph
Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation




mask
portrait
 Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation


                                                              Multi-Institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found in
                                                   Multi-institutional Tagger:Documentation Found in Museum Documentation
                                                                        Museum Terms Not




                  200




                  150
Times Assigned




                  100




                   50




                       0
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                           J. Trant                                                                                                                    created from
                           September 18, 2008                                                       Term               termsMuseumDocumentation.xls:musdocNULL-freq




                                            Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Museum Documentation


                                                              Multi-Institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found in
                                                   Multi-institutional Tagger:Documentation Found in Museum Documentation
                                                                        Museum Terms Not




                  200




                  150



                                                   31,949 terms
Times Assigned




                  100




                   50
                                                     86% not found
                       0
                   an




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                           J. Trant                                                                                                                    created from
                           September 18, 2008                                                       Term               termsMuseumDocumentation.xls:musdocNULL-freq




                                            Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Times Assigned
                                                                    w




                                                                                                 100
                                                                                                                150
                                                                                                                      200




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                                                                                                                                                                             Multi-Institutional Tagger: Museum Documentation




                                                                    st
                                                                       on
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                                                                                                                            [terms assigned more than 50 times, by occurrence]




                                                                      m
                                                                         en
                                                                      fa
                                                                         c
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                                                                       rio
                                                                  pe r
Do user tags differ from museum documentation?




                                                                      rs
                                                                                                                                                      Multi-institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found inTerms Not Found in Museum Documentation




                                                                         on
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Research Questions: Museum Documentation




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Research Questions: Museum Documentation

                                                                                Multi-institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found inTerms Not Found in Museum Documentation
                                                                                                       Multi-Institutional Tagger: Museum Documentation
                                                                                                                [terms assigned more than 50 times, by occurrence]



                                                                                                                                                  Top 100
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             J. Trant


                                           Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation


Are Tags in Other Forms of Museum Documentation?
                      Useful?
   Genres
   ✓   gallery label text
   ✓   docent tour talking points / tour scripts
   ✓   special exhibition catalogue entries
   ✓   permanent collection guidebook text
   ✓   curatorial analysis or notes
   ✓   scholarly article
   ✓   web site 'feature' texts
   ✓   audio tours or podcasts
   ✓   newspaper/popular article
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation


Are Tags in Other Forms of Museum Documentation?
                      Useful?
   Genres
   ✓   gallery label text
   ✓   docent tour talking points / tour scripts
   ✓   special exhibition catalogue entries
   ✓   permanent collection guidebook text
   ✓   curatorial analysis or notes
   ✓   scholarly article
   ✓   web site 'feature' texts     both scholarly
   ✓   audio tours or podcasts           + general public
   ✓   newspaper/popular article
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation



11 documents

19 distinct tags


found 138 times

  51 relevant
                                       63% false matches
87 not relevant
                               ... the house where
                                    he grew up ...
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation
Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation



➡Extended documentation
 not better than online
 museum documentation

➡Text mining not algorithmic
➡Public genres not much
 better than scholarly
Do Museum
Professionals find tags
        useful?



             http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
Research Questions: Usefulness
research questions:
social tagging and folksonomy analysis


                    users                     folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
                who assigns                what kinds of terms
                                                                                  are terms found in...
              how many terms?                are assigned?
                                                                                                            Art and
                                                                                                          Architecture
                                                                                                          Thesaurus
                                                 terms
                 tag        works of art
                                               assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                             (AAT)

                                                                                         records           Union List
                                                                                                           of Artists
                                                                                                            Names
              how does users'                    terms                                                      (ULAN)
               tagging differ?                 assigned 2
                                                                                       searches of
                                                                                        art image
                                                                                        databases




                                                                                       works of art
  J. Trant, February 2008
                                                        are terms applicable to
  based on Trant 2006




                            Do Museum Professionals Find
                            Tagging Terminology Useful?
Research Questions: Usefulness
research questions:
social tagging and folksonomy analysis


                    users                     folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
                who assigns                what kinds of terms
                                                                                  are terms found in...
              how many terms?                are assigned?
                                                                                                            Art and
                                                                                                          Architecture
                                                                                                          Thesaurus
                                                 terms
                 tag        works of art
                                               assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                             (AAT)

                                                                                         records           Union List
                                                                                                           of Artists
                                                                                                            Names
              how does users'                    terms                                                      (ULAN)
               tagging differ?                 assigned 2
                                                                                       searches of
                                                                                        art image
                                                                                        databases




                                                                                       works of art
  J. Trant, February 2008
                                                        are terms applicable to
  based on Trant 2006




                            Do Museum Professionals Find
                            Tagging Terminology Useful?
Research Questions: Usefulness




if you found this work using this term in a query
            would you be surprised?
Research Questions: Usefulness




        36,931 terms


if you found this work using this term in a query
            would you be surprised?
Research Questions: Usefulness




                                        12%
                                         no

88%
yes


  Would Terms Be Useful for Searching?
Research Questions: Usefulness




                                        12%
                                         no

88%
yes
         46% of users always
       contributed useful terms
  Would Terms Be Useful for Searching?
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample

 Sample Works: Useful terms
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample

 Sample Works: Useful terms
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample

 Sample Works: Useful terms
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample

 Sample Works: Useful terms
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample
Research Questions: Usefulness




In-depth study of a sample
Research Questions: Usefulness




Usefulness and Frequency
Research Questions: AAT/ULAN
research questions:
social tagging and folksonomy analysis


                    users                     folksonomy                                  vocabulary sources
                who assigns                what kinds of terms
                                                                                  are terms found in...
              how many terms?                are assigned?
                                                                                                            Art and
                                                                                                          Architecture
                                                                                                          Thesaurus
                                                 terms
                 tag        works of art
                                               assigned 1                                museum
                                                                                                             (AAT)

                                                                                         records           Union List
                                                                                                           of Artists
                                                                                                            Names
              how does users'                    terms                                                      (ULAN)
               tagging differ?                 assigned 2
                                                                                       searches of
                                                                                        art image
                                                                                        databases




                                                                                       works of art
  J. Trant, February 2008
                                                        are terms applicable to
  based on Trant 2006




               Are tags in Museum Vocabulary Sources?
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line
1 of 113

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MCN 2008: could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line

  • 1. could tagging and folksonomy improve access to art museum collections on-line? J. Trant Archives & Museum Informatics MCN2008 | November 2008 http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 2. access to collections http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 3. Access to Collections From: J. P. xxxxxx@xxxxxx.com Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2006 11:24:43 -0700 To: timeline@metmuseum.org Subject: Looking for a painting Please help: I have been looking on and off for years for this painting. The painting is of a very well dressed renaissance man standing in a room (a library) in front of him on a table is a large hour glass. The painting has very rich colors. I have talked to a lot of people and they have said they have seen this painting but can't remember its name or the name of the artist. Could you please use your resources to find this painting? Reference Questions c.f. Catechism Project, Janney & Sledge
  • 4. Access to Collections Possibly the desired painting Ian Morrison’s “things we just happen to have in our head” method
  • 6. Access to Collections What “J. P.” knows What a Met curator knows Portrait of a Man, ca. 1520–25 painting Moretto da Brescia (Alessandro Bonvicino) Renaissance (Italian, Brescian, born about 1498, died 1554) Oil on canvas; 34 1/4 x 32 in. (87 x 81.3 cm) standing Rogers Fund, 1928 (28.79) man Provenance: Maffei, Brescia (by 1760, as quot;Ritratto d'uomo con very well dressed carta in mano, ed Orologio, di Callisto da Lodiquot;); by descent to contessa Beatrice Erizzo Maffei Fenaroli Avogadro, Palazzo library Fenaroli, Brescia (by 1853–at least 1857, as by Moretto); her daughter, contessa Maria Livia Fenaroli Avogadro, later marchesa hourglass Fassati, Brescia (in 1862); her son, marchese Ippolito Fassati, Milan (by 1878–at least 1912); [Elia Volpi, Florence, by 1915–16; table sold to Knoedler]; [Knoedler, New York, 1916–28; sold to MMA] rich colors What they both know ...
  • 8. Access to Collections bangs robe beard border Renaissance cape scholar contemplation elbow scroll hourglass time landscape trees learned man mountain moustache nobleman painting portrait ring volunteer supplied tags robe might help Renaissance from MMA proof of concept
  • 9. Access to Collections What questions do visitors ask of museums?
  • 10. Access to Collections How do users search on-line collections?
  • 11. Access to Collections shark How do users search on-line collections?
  • 12. Access to Collections shark Text How do users search on-line collections?
  • 13. Access to Collections shark Text ? only one shark How do users search on-line collections?
  • 14. Access to Collections CDWA Describing works of art
  • 15. Access to Collections label text curatorial analysis CDWA Describing works of art
  • 16. Access to Collections ≠sharks! http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 17. Access to Collections mis-match between interests of visitor and the museum as expressed in their vocabulary.
  • 18. research question Can tagging and folksonomy improve online access to art collections? http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 19. Research Questions gilded animal bejeweled antler rearing deer Artist woman (Nationality, Dates) Title, Date Medium action Dimensions hunting Ownership Notes museum ... luxury documents dog bow horse object leaping huntress users tag J. Trant, Jan 28, 2008 based on Wyman et al. 2006, Fig.2 a model of tagging http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 20. Research Questions users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Research Process
  • 21. Research Questions users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Research Process
  • 22. the experiment and our findings http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 23. Research Questions: Tagging users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 What was tagged?
  • 24. Research Questions: Tagging users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 What was tagged?
  • 25. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger: Works by Institution [all works] The Metropolitan Museum of Art Boston Museum of Fine Arts 14% 13% Cleveland Museum of Art Tate Modern 7% 3% Skirball Denver Art Museum 1% 9% Indianapolis Museum of Art 13% San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 9% Rubin Los Angeles County Museum 6% Minneapolis Institute of Arts of Art 14% 11% Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged Same MMA 251 in both sets
  • 26. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger: Works by Institution [all works] 1,784 works The Metropolitan Museum of Art 14% Boston Museum of Fine Arts 13% Cleveland Museum of Art Tate Modern 7% 3% Skirball Denver Art Museum 11 museums 1% 9% Indianapolis Museum of Art 13% San Francisco Museum of Modern Art 9% Rubin Los Angeles County Museum 6% Minneapolis Institute of Arts of Art 14% 11% Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged Same MMA 251 in both sets
  • 28. Research Questions: Tagging range of media Characterizing Tagging: Works Tagged
  • 29. Research Questions: Tagging users folksonomy who assigns what kinds of terms how many terms? are assigned? terms tag works of art assigned 1 how does users' terms tagging differ? assigned 2 Tags per work # of tags # of taggers # tags per tagger total distinct total total tags distinct tags high low average std. dev. high low average std. dev. all works work 1 work 2 work 3 Study Terms Assigned
  • 30. Research Questions: Tagging users folksonomy who assigns what kinds of terms how many terms? are assigned? terms tag works of art assigned 1 descriptive statistics • tagger velocity how does users' terms assigned 2 • tag variation tagging differ? Tags per work # of tags # of taggers # tags per tagger total distinct total total tags distinct tags high low average std. dev. high low average std. dev. all works work 1 work 2 work 3 Study Terms Assigned
  • 31. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institution Tagger Single-Institution Tagger # of # of # of # of # of tags # of tags works users works users total distinct total total distinct total 1,784 36,981 11,944 1,621 251 56,399 21,557 690 Characterizing Tagging: Basic Descriptive Statistics
  • 32. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institution Tagger Single-Institution Tagger # of # of # of # of # of tags # of tags works users works users total distinct total total distinct total 1,784 36,981 11,944 1,621 251 56,399 21,557 690 22 tags / 82 tags / Characterizing Tagging: Basic Descriptive Statistics user user
  • 33. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger Unregistered Users Registered Users Characterizing Tagging: Compare Registered | Unregistered
  • 34. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger Unregistered Users Registered Users registered users tag more Characterizing Tagging: Compare Registered | Unregistered
  • 35. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger: Sessions per Registered User 6% 6% 4 or more sessions 4 or more sessions 6% 3 sessions 3 sessions 6% 20% 2 sessions 20% 2 sessions 68% 1 session 68% 1 session Characterizing Tagging: Sessions per Registered User unregistered users only come once by definition
  • 36. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger: Tags per Work, Average by Object Type number of tags per object type divided by number of works of that object type highlighted values for samples of fewer than 10 works 40 35 Average Tags / Work Linear (Average Tags / Work) 33.4 30 25 27.1 27.0 25.1 23.4 23.7 20 22.2 21.6 20.7 20.1 15 16.4 16.0 14.5 13.4 10 5 1.5 0 s rs ts s s eo hs re ts ns a e ry er s ile g k ok i ur lo ec ed in tu el th or in ap tio d xt ct Bo co Vi Pr w bj nt p O M W r la Te ite ul Je o- og er O i ed al Pa l Sc Al di ch at ot n d st ix Au ria an W Ar Ph In M ita d e an um l tli gs U st Co in d an w ra s t D Ar created from e iv tagsPerWork-080828.xls at or ec D Characterizing Tagging: Tags Per Work by Object Type
  • 37. Research Questions: Tagging Multi-Institutional Tagger: Tags per Work, Average by Object Type number of tags per object type divided by number of works of that object type highlighted values for samples of fewer than 10 works 40 35 Average Tags / Work Linear (Average Tags / Work) 33.4 30 25 27.1 27.0 25.1 23.4 23.7 20 22.2 21.6 20.7 20.1 15 16.4 16.0 14.5 13.4 10 some works 5 1.5 0 s rs ts s s eo hs re ts ns a e ry er s ile g k ok i ur lo ec ed in tu el th or in ap tio d xt ct Bo co Vi Pr w bj nt p O M W r la Te ite ul Je o- og er O i are harder al ed Pa l Sc Al di ch at ot n d st ix Au ria an W Ar Ph In M ita d e an um l tli gs U st Co in d an w ra s t D Ar created from e iv tagsPerWork-080828.xls at or ec D Characterizing Tagging: Tags Per Work by Object Type
  • 38. Research Questions: Tagging 16% redundant 84% novel Characterizing Tagging: Vocabulary Stabilization?
  • 39. Research Questions: Tagging 16% redundant 84% novel 36,981 11,944 tags distinct 31,032 Characterizing Tagging: Vocabulary Stabilization? tag/work pairs
  • 40. Are tags new terms? http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 41. Research Questions: Museum Documentation research questions: social tagging and folksonomy analysis users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 42. Research Questions: Museum Documentation research questions: social tagging and folksonomy analysis users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 43. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Museum Documentation: Catalogue Records On-line
  • 44. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Museum New Tags Tags ? Documentation Redundant tags Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 45. Research Questions: Museum Documentation 14% yes 86% unmatched Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 46. Research Questions: Museum Documentation 14% yes 86% unmatched most tags are new Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 47. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 48. Research Questions: Museum Documentation sculpture photograph Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 49. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 50. Research Questions: Museum Documentation mask portrait Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 51. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Multi-Institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found in Multi-institutional Tagger:Documentation Found in Museum Documentation Museum Terms Not 200 150 Times Assigned 100 50 0 an s gn om si w ic da zo J. Trant created from September 18, 2008 Term termsMuseumDocumentation.xls:musdocNULL-freq Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 52. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Multi-Institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found in Multi-institutional Tagger:Documentation Found in Museum Documentation Museum Terms Not 200 150 31,949 terms Times Assigned 100 50 86% not found 0 an s gn om si w ic da zo J. Trant created from September 18, 2008 Term termsMuseumDocumentation.xls:musdocNULL-freq Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 53. Times Assigned w 100 150 200 0 50 om an J. Trant la b nd lue sc ap e re po d rt ra it m an gr ee flo n w er s tr e es go ab ld st ra he ct br ew cl ou bl ds ac k as an ia d n w hi t af e ric an ho re rse lig io u ye s llo pa w tt er n flo r w al om en nu de bl de a co ck ra tiv st e at ue sk y va m se o ge der om n et ric w hi te w at e fe r m sc a ul le pt u ca re rv in g Multi-Institutional Tagger: Museum Documentation st on e [terms assigned more than 50 times, by occurrence] m en fa c in e te rio pe r Do user tags differ from museum documentation? rs Multi-institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found inTerms Not Found in Museum Documentation on m et re al lig io n da rk Research Questions: Museum Documentation tr ee te xt il o e
  • 54. Research Questions: Museum Documentation Multi-institutional Tagger: Terms Not Found inTerms Not Found in Museum Documentation Multi-Institutional Tagger: Museum Documentation [terms assigned more than 50 times, by occurrence] Top 100 Not Matched 200 subject 39 150 genre 27 Times Assigned color 10 100 geo-cultural 10 material 9 50 style/period 5 0 he ct es w al an om n st e en an on re al af e y te fe r o e n m se n e ric s ul le an re rse g pe r ee n d it en n ld ds ye s ue nd lue co ck e de rk ew ca re pa w in e e rio er u tiv sk t il on ap ge der ee c ia in re er io ra r llo et a ra go hi hi at da u e va a xt fa ou io tr m m ric et rs om om nu at flo br m as b lig rv w ho tt pt tr rt bl te gr st sc ra m w w st w lig te o flo cl po ab w d sc an de la k ac bl J. Trant Do user tags differ from museum documentation?
  • 55. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation Are Tags in Other Forms of Museum Documentation? Useful? Genres ✓ gallery label text ✓ docent tour talking points / tour scripts ✓ special exhibition catalogue entries ✓ permanent collection guidebook text ✓ curatorial analysis or notes ✓ scholarly article ✓ web site 'feature' texts ✓ audio tours or podcasts ✓ newspaper/popular article
  • 56. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation Are Tags in Other Forms of Museum Documentation? Useful? Genres ✓ gallery label text ✓ docent tour talking points / tour scripts ✓ special exhibition catalogue entries ✓ permanent collection guidebook text ✓ curatorial analysis or notes ✓ scholarly article ✓ web site 'feature' texts both scholarly ✓ audio tours or podcasts + general public ✓ newspaper/popular article
  • 57. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation
  • 58. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation 11 documents 19 distinct tags found 138 times 51 relevant 63% false matches 87 not relevant ... the house where he grew up ...
  • 59. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation
  • 60. Research Questions: Extended Museum Documentation ➡Extended documentation not better than online museum documentation ➡Text mining not algorithmic ➡Public genres not much better than scholarly
  • 61. Do Museum Professionals find tags useful? http://conference.archimuse.com/jtrants
  • 62. Research Questions: Usefulness research questions: social tagging and folksonomy analysis users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Do Museum Professionals Find Tagging Terminology Useful?
  • 63. Research Questions: Usefulness research questions: social tagging and folksonomy analysis users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Do Museum Professionals Find Tagging Terminology Useful?
  • 64. Research Questions: Usefulness if you found this work using this term in a query would you be surprised?
  • 65. Research Questions: Usefulness 36,931 terms if you found this work using this term in a query would you be surprised?
  • 66. Research Questions: Usefulness 12% no 88% yes Would Terms Be Useful for Searching?
  • 67. Research Questions: Usefulness 12% no 88% yes 46% of users always contributed useful terms Would Terms Be Useful for Searching?
  • 68. Research Questions: Usefulness In-depth study of a sample Sample Works: Useful terms
  • 69. Research Questions: Usefulness In-depth study of a sample Sample Works: Useful terms
  • 70. Research Questions: Usefulness In-depth study of a sample Sample Works: Useful terms
  • 71. Research Questions: Usefulness In-depth study of a sample Sample Works: Useful terms
  • 75. Research Questions: AAT/ULAN research questions: social tagging and folksonomy analysis users folksonomy vocabulary sources who assigns what kinds of terms are terms found in... how many terms? are assigned? Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms tag works of art assigned 1 museum (AAT) records Union List of Artists Names how does users' terms (ULAN) tagging differ? assigned 2 searches of art image databases works of art J. Trant, February 2008 are terms applicable to based on Trant 2006 Are tags in Museum Vocabulary Sources?

Editor's Notes

  1. - theories of precision and recall developed in a very different context (scarce resources, and searching by an intermediary). now people browse
  2. lots of possibility: no real answers
  3. add highlights to each section
  4. term review: “if you found this work using a search on this term, would you be surprised?” Tagging tags to understand tagging
  5. what are the relationships between the terms used for searching (found in logs), the tags assignedto works of art, and the words in museum documentation?
  6. what are the relationships between the terms used for searching (found in logs), the tags assignedto works of art, and the words in museum documentation?
  7. there are no artists in museums ...
  8. - theories of precision and recall developed in a very different context (scarce resources, and searching by an intermediary). now people browse
  9. ‘teachable moments’