SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 51
Download to read offline
EWRT
2

Class
7
AGENDA
• Vocabulary Test #3
• Review: Essay #1
• Counterarguments
• Conclusions
• Rhetorical Strategies: Aphorism and Chiasmus
• In-Class Writing: Counterarguments, Conclusions,
Aphorism, Chiasmus
Take 20 minutes
Use a piece of notebook paper for your answers
Review
• Characterization
• At least six different methods

• The prompt
• One of five: or you have blended two or more

• Directed Summary
• Working Thesis

• Outline
• Paragraph practice: Quotations with explanations
• An analogy or two
The
Counterargument
What is a Counterargument?
A counterargument is an
argument, with factual
evidence or other kinds of
support, that challenges
either your thesis or a
major argument for it.
What is the purpose of identifying
counterarguments?
By identifying counterarguments to your ideas, and seeing
whether you can respond to them adequately, you test
the persuasiveness of the ideas. Some writers avoid
thinking about counterarguments, because they fear that
mentioning them will weaken their own arguments.
They're wrong. Even if you don't mention arguments that
might plausibly be used against your own argument, you
can be certain that your readers will think of them, and
discount your argument accordingly. A good response to
a counterargument is often the most persuasive part of
your own argument.
How do I think through arguments
and counterarguments?
• 1. You come up with a thesis that expresses your view of the
evidence and of the conclusions that should be drawn from it.

• 2. You clearly identify your evidence and arguments in your
own mind.
• 3. You seek evidence or logic on the other side, evidence or
logic that might undermine your thesis; you anticipate what
critics might say to attack your case.
• 4. You state the opposing argument or arguments, and you
show that they don't succeed in refuting your own
arguments.
Where to Put a Counterargument
Counterargument can appear anywhere in the essay. Try it in several places and see
where it fits best:
1. as part of your introduction—before you propose your thesis—where the
existence of a different view is the motive for your essay, the reason it needs
writing.
2. as a section or paragraph just after your introduction, in which you lay out the
expected reaction or standard position before turning away to develop your
own.
3. as a quick move within a paragraph, where you imagine a counterargument not
to your main idea but to the sub-idea that the paragraph is arguing or is about to
argue.
4. as a section or paragraph just before the conclusion of your essay, in which you
imagine what someone might object to what you have argued.

But watch that you do not overdo it. A turn into counterargument here and there
will sharpen and energize your essay, but too many such turns will have the reverse
effect by obscuring your main idea or suggesting that you are ambivalent.
Do you need a counterargument?
1. Is there an obvious argument against your thesis?
2. Is there a different conclusion could be drawn from the
same facts?
3. Do you make a key assumption with which others
might disagree?
4. Do you use a term that someone else might define a
different way?
5. Do you ignore certain evidence that others might
believe you need to address?
6. Is there an alternative explanation or proposal that
some might more readily believe?
A Counterargument
• Address alternative opinions your readers might have regarding
your character.
• Think about instances when your character appears to act in a way
that could be perceived as contrary to your thesis. Explain why you
don’t see the behavior as contrary.
• Explain behaviors that are out of the ordinary or out of line with
your thesis by analyzing text to show extenuating circumstances.
Consider the arguing exercises we have
done in class. How might you address
your peers’ questions and comments
without the obvious question/answer
format?
Conclusion
Gotta have it!
Strategies for Writing a Conclusion
Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an
essay to write, and many writers feel that they have
nothing left to say after having written the paper. A
writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is
often what a reader remembers best. Your conclusion
should be the best part of your paper.
A conclusion should
• stress the importance of the thesis statement,
• give the essay a sense of completeness, and
• leave a final impression on the reader.
Strategies to Avoid
• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,”
“in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in
speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.

• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the
rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of
the paper.
The Conclusion
 You can discuss how this character fits into
the work as a whole.
 You might address how the work would be
changed if your character were gone.

 You can apply insights about this character
to a real-world situation. Do we grow as
readers from interacting with your
character?
 You might SUBTLY remind the reader of
your central idea and thesis.
Rhetorical Strategies:
Aphorism and Chiasmus
Learning to recognize them
Learning to write them
Aphorism

• An aphorism is a
saying—a concise
statement of a
principle—that has
been accepted (or we
want to be accepted)
as true.
• Familiar example
• “A penny saved is a
penny earned”
• There is no fool like an
old fool”
Aphorisms
•Such statements have important
qualities:
• The are pithy: they say a great deal in a
few words.
• They appear to contain wisdom: they
are delivered as truth and they have
the ring of other aphorisms we accept
as true.
Ewrt 2 class 7
Ewrt 2 class 7
Writing Aphorisms:
Method One
• There is the ‘spontaneous combustion’ method, in which the
aphorism flares out fully formed at unexpected moments, sending
the writer scrabbling for napkins, envelopes or any other scrap of
paper on which to write it down. Stanislaw Jerzy Lec was a great
practitioner of this method:
 No snowflake in an avalanche
ever feels responsible.

Thanks to author and journalist James Geary for the
information and examples of aphorisms:
http://www.jamesgeary.com/blog/how-to-write-anaphorism/
Method Two
• Then there is the “deliberate
composition: method as practiced by
the likes of La Rochefoucauld. He would
attend a swanky salon, discuss all
manner of subjects, such as love and
friendship, then retire for hours to his
room where he would produce several
sheets of prose, all of which he would
eventually distill down to one or two
sharp, shining sentences:
 In the adversity of even our best
friends we always find something
not wholly displeasing.
Method Three
• And then there are the ‘accidental
aphorists,’ those writers who never
intend to compose aphorisms but
just can’t help themselves—
aphorisms occur naturally within
longer stretches of text, such as
essays, novels, or poems. Ralph
Waldo Emerson was a classic
accidental aphorist:

 What is a weed? A plant whose
virtues have yet to be discovered.
Rules to Consider
•Keep it short (after all, only a fool
gives a speech in a burning house),

•Definitive (no ifs, ands, or buts),
•Philosophical (it should make you
think), and give it a twist.
Not fancy, just
thoughtful
• What is a bastard? A man whose
birth right overshadows his human
rights.

• Bravery conquers fear; otherwise,
it is stupidity.
• If Arya cannot save herself, she
cannot hope to be saved.
Give it a try: Choose a word and write a
short, pointed statement expressing a
truth, doctrine, or principle.
• Power

• Bastard

• Execution • Winter

• Death

• Brave

• Betrayal

• Fear

• Prostitution • Throne
• Hostage

• Honor

Example: Marriage
A lottery in which men
stake their liberty and
women their happiness.
-- Madame DiRieux
One long conversation,
checkered by disputes.
-- Robert Louis Stevenson
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED)
defines chiasmus as, "A grammatical
figure by which the order of words in one
of two of parallel clauses is inverted in the
other.” This may involve a repetition of
the same words ("Pleasure's a sin, and
sometimes sin's a pleasure" —Byron) or
just a reversed parallel between two
corresponding pairs of ideas.

Chiasmus
"to mark with an X.”
Simple Grammatical
Chiasmus
A reversed order of the grammar in two or more clauses in a
sentence will yield a chiasmus.
Consider the example of a parallel sentence:
“He knowingly led and we blindly followed”
Inverting into chiasmus:
“He knowingly led and we followed blindly”
Parallelism: The code breakers worked constantly but succeeded rarely.

Chiasmus: The code breakers worked constantly but rarely succeeded.

Chiasmus is effective for bringing two elements close together for
contrast or emphasis, as you can see with the adverbs constantly and
rarely in the example above. The chiastic structure places them
almost next to each other for greater contrast than would be
provided by a strictly parallel structure.
From Writing with Clarity and style: Chapter 1 by Robert A. Harris
Another useful effect of chiasmus results from the natural
emphasis given to the end of a sentence. Note in the
example below how the word forgotten receives greater
stress when it appears as the last word of the sentence.

Example

verb

adverb

verb

adverb

Parallelism: What is learned unwillingly is forgotten gladly.

verb

adverb

adverb

verb

Chiasmus: What is learned unwillingly is gladly forgotten.
In addition to contrast and emphasis, chiasmus can add beauty to
sentences with no sacrifice of clarity. Reversing the order of independent
and subordinate clauses is one way to do this.

From Writing with Clarity and style: Chapter 1 by Robert A. Harris
Try converting these two from
parallelism to chiasmus
• Parallelism: Arya trains Nymeria daily and plays
with her happily
• Parallelism: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall,
he seems happy enough, but when the arms
master treats him badly, he becomes
frustrated and angry.
Here are two possibilities
• Parallelism: Arya trains Nymeria daily and plays with
her happily
• Chiasmus: Arya trains Nymeria daily and happily plays
with her
• Parallelism: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall, he
seems happy enough, but when the arms master
treats him badly, he gets frustrated and angry.

• Chiasmus: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall, he
seems happy enough, but he gets frustrated and
angry when the arms master treats him badly.
Try it!
• Write a couple of sentences
using chiasmus instead of
parallelism.

• Try writing new sentences.
• Look for some sentences in
your writing that will lend
themselves to chiasmus.
A Little
Trickier Kind
of Chiasmus
• One of the most fascinating features of chiasmus is this
"marking with an X" notion (word reversal). Take Mae
West's signature line, "It's not the men in my life, it's the
life in my men." By laying out the two clauses parallel to
each other, it's possible to draw two lines connecting the
key words:
It's not the men in my life

X
it's the life in my men.
Thanks to author and psychologist Dr. Mardy Grothe for the information and
examples of chiasmus http://www.drmardy.com/chiasmus/definition.shtml
Word Reversal Chiasmus
Home is where the great are small

X
and the small are great
One should eat to live

X
not live to eat
The ABBA Method
One other interesting way to view chiastic quotes is the
ABBA method. Let's go back to the Mae West quote. If
you assign the letters A and B to the first appearance of
the key words and A' and B' (read "A prime" and "B
prime") to their second appearance, they follow what is
referred to as an ABBA pattern:

A It's not the men
B in my life
B' it's the life
A' in my men
Chiasmus can also be achieved by reversing
more than two key words. This observation
from the 18th century English writer, Charles
Caleb Colton, is a good example:

"How strange it is that we of the present day
are constantly praising
that past age which our fathers abused,
and as constantly abusing that present age,
which our children will praise.”
Word Reversal
Laid out schematically, it looks like this:
A How strange it is that we of the present day
are constantly praising
B that past age
C which our fathers abused,
C' and as constantly abusing
B' that present age,
A' which our children will praise
Another good example comes from
Genesis 9:6:
Phrase Reversal
• "Lust is what makes you keep wanting to
do it,
even when you have no desire to be with
each other.
Love is what makes you keep wanting to be
with each other,
even when you have no desire to do it."
• — Judith Viorst
More Examples
• "We do not stop playing because we grow old;
we grow old because we stop playing." -Benjamin Franklin
• "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of
absence." -- Carl Sagan
• “All for one and one for all” --Alexandre Dumas

• "I am stuck on Band-Aid, and Band-Aid's stuck on
me."
(advertising jingle for Band-Aid bandages)
Review and Practice: Try to use words
and phrases that link to your character
• Word Reversal:
• One should eat to live not live to eat
• Home is where the great are small and the small are great

• Phrase Reversal:
• "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -Carl Sagan
• “All for one and one for all” --Alexandre Dumas
• "I am stuck on Band-Aid, and Band-Aid's stuck on me."
Even Trickier
Chiasmus!
Letter Reversal
• "A magician is a person who pulls rabbits
out of hats.
An experimental psychologist is a person
who pulls habits out of rats.”
• "a doe and fawn" hide from "their foe at
dawn."
Sound Reversal
•"I'd rather have a bottle in front
of me
Than a frontal lobotomy."
— Randy Hanzlick, title of song
Reversal of Homonyms
• "Why do we drive on a parkway
and park on a driveway?”
— Richard Lederer

• "Here's champagne for our real friends
and real pain for our sham friends.”
— Edwardian Toast
Number Reversal
• "A lawyer starts life giving $500 worth of law
for $5 and ends giving $5 worth for $500.”
— Benjamin H. Brewster

• "Errol Flynn died on a 70-foot boat with a 17year-old girl.
Walter has always wanted to go that way,
but he's going to settle for a 17-footer with a
70-year-old.
— Betsy Maxwell Cronkite, wife of Walter
Cronkite.
Review and Practice: Try to use words
and phrases that link to your character
• Letter Reversal: "A magician is a person who pulls rabbits out of hats.
An experimental psychologist is a person who pulls habits out of
rats.”

• Sound Reversal: "I'd rather have a bottle in front of me
Than a frontal lobotomy.”
• Reversal of Homonyms: "Why do we drive on a parkway
and park on a driveway?”
• Number Reversal: "Errol Flynn died on a 70-foot boat with a 17-yearold girl. Walter has always wanted to go that way, but he's going to
settle for a 17-footer with a 70-year-old.
Homework
• Read A Game of Thrones through page 700
• Post # 12: Counterargument
• Post #13: Conclusion
• Post #14: Examples of aphorism and
chiasmus

• We will meet in the library lobby on
Thursday for a hands-on workshop
given by the librarian.

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Ewrt 1 b class 15
Ewrt 1 b class 15Ewrt 1 b class 15
Ewrt 1 b class 15
 
Ewrt 1 b class 15
Ewrt 1 b class 15Ewrt 1 b class 15
Ewrt 1 b class 15
 
Ewrt 1 b class 14
Ewrt 1 b class 14Ewrt 1 b class 14
Ewrt 1 b class 14
 
Elit 10 essay 1
Elit 10 essay 1Elit 10 essay 1
Elit 10 essay 1
 
How to write a college essay
How to write a college essayHow to write a college essay
How to write a college essay
 
Ewrt 1 b class 14
Ewrt 1 b class 14Ewrt 1 b class 14
Ewrt 1 b class 14
 
Class 14
Class 14Class 14
Class 14
 
1 b class 14
1 b class 141 b class 14
1 b class 14
 
Research Methods Lecture 3
Research Methods Lecture 3Research Methods Lecture 3
Research Methods Lecture 3
 
1 b class 14
1 b class 141 b class 14
1 b class 14
 
On Essay Writing.pdf
On Essay Writing.pdfOn Essay Writing.pdf
On Essay Writing.pdf
 
Elit 10 essay 1
Elit 10 essay 1Elit 10 essay 1
Elit 10 essay 1
 
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignment copy
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignment copyEwrt 1 c essay #2 assignment copy
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignment copy
 
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignment
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignmentEwrt 1 c essay #2 assignment
Ewrt 1 c essay #2 assignment
 
1 b class 14
1 b class 141 b class 14
1 b class 14
 
Ewrt 1 c essay #3 assignment
Ewrt 1 c essay #3 assignmentEwrt 1 c essay #3 assignment
Ewrt 1 c essay #3 assignment
 
Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2
 
Ewrt 211 class 13
Ewrt 211 class 13Ewrt 211 class 13
Ewrt 211 class 13
 
Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2
 
Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2Elit 10 essay 2
Elit 10 essay 2
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (8)

Elit 48 c class 12
Elit 48 c class 12Elit 48 c class 12
Elit 48 c class 12
 
Ewrt 1 c class 16
Ewrt 1 c class 16Ewrt 1 c class 16
Ewrt 1 c class 16
 
Ewrt 1 c class 10 online
Ewrt 1 c class 10 onlineEwrt 1 c class 10 online
Ewrt 1 c class 10 online
 
Elit 48 c essay #2 the road
Elit 48 c essay #2 the roadElit 48 c essay #2 the road
Elit 48 c essay #2 the road
 
Class 37 1 a
Class 37 1 aClass 37 1 a
Class 37 1 a
 
Elit 48 c class 5
Elit 48 c class 5Elit 48 c class 5
Elit 48 c class 5
 
Ewrt 2 class 19
Ewrt 2 class 19Ewrt 2 class 19
Ewrt 2 class 19
 
Ewrt 1 c class 15 online
Ewrt 1 c class 15 onlineEwrt 1 c class 15 online
Ewrt 1 c class 15 online
 

Similar to Ewrt 2 class 7

Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3
Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3
Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3jordanlachance
 
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docx
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food  Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docxEssay #1Taking a Position on Food  Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docx
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docxSALU18
 
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docx
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docxTerm Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docx
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docxjohniemcm5zt
 
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docxSONU61709
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 onlinekimpalmore
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 onlinejordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 onlinejordanlachance
 
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docx
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docxPaper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docx
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docxbunyansaturnina
 
Eng 122 wk3 guidance
Eng 122 wk3 guidanceEng 122 wk3 guidance
Eng 122 wk3 guidanceCindy Andrews
 

Similar to Ewrt 2 class 7 (15)

Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3
Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3
Ewrt 2 class 7 vocab 3
 
Analytical Writing
Analytical WritingAnalytical Writing
Analytical Writing
 
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docx
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food  Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docxEssay #1Taking a Position on Food  Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docx
Essay #1Taking a Position on Food Due by 1159pm on Sunday.docx
 
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docx
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docxTerm Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docx
Term Paper InstructionsTERM PAPER Defend a thesis related to one .docx
 
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx
1. Chart Three Levels of Philosophical Reading SKILLOBJECT.docx
 
Ewrt 1 b class 9
Ewrt 1 b class 9 Ewrt 1 b class 9
Ewrt 1 b class 9
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
 
D13-EWRT 211
D13-EWRT 211D13-EWRT 211
D13-EWRT 211
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
 
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
Ewrt 1 c class 32  onlineEwrt 1 c class 32  online
Ewrt 1 c class 32 online
 
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docx
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docxPaper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docx
Paper GuidelinesPhilosophy is about using arguments to exp.docx
 
Elit 10 class 11
Elit 10 class 11Elit 10 class 11
Elit 10 class 11
 
1 b class 9
1 b class 91 b class 9
1 b class 9
 
Eng 122 wk3 guidance
Eng 122 wk3 guidanceEng 122 wk3 guidance
Eng 122 wk3 guidance
 
Elit 10 class 11
Elit 10 class 11Elit 10 class 11
Elit 10 class 11
 

More from jordanlachance

Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridEwrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridEwrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction
Ewrt 1 a online introduction Ewrt 1 a online introduction
Ewrt 1 a online introduction jordanlachance
 
How to highlight in kaizena
How to highlight in kaizenaHow to highlight in kaizena
How to highlight in kaizenajordanlachance
 
Kaizena directions 2017
Kaizena directions 2017Kaizena directions 2017
Kaizena directions 2017jordanlachance
 
Wordpress user name directions
Wordpress user name directionsWordpress user name directions
Wordpress user name directionsjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night special
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night specialEwrt 1 c class 27 night special
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night specialjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017new
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017newEwrt 1 c spring 2017new
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017newjordanlachance
 
Essay concept hunger games
 Essay  concept hunger games Essay  concept hunger games
Essay concept hunger gamesjordanlachance
 
Doc jun 7 2017 - 8-54 am
Doc   jun 7 2017 - 8-54 amDoc   jun 7 2017 - 8-54 am
Doc jun 7 2017 - 8-54 amjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro special
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro specialEwrt 1 c class 25 night intro special
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro specialjordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017jordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017jordanlachance
 
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online Ewrt 1 c class 23 online
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online jordanlachance
 

More from jordanlachance (20)

Class 2 online
Class 2 onlineClass 2 online
Class 2 online
 
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridEwrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybridEwrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
Ewrt 1 a class 1 hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction
Ewrt 1 a online introduction Ewrt 1 a online introduction
Ewrt 1 a online introduction
 
How to highlight in kaizena
How to highlight in kaizenaHow to highlight in kaizena
How to highlight in kaizena
 
Kaizena directions 2017
Kaizena directions 2017Kaizena directions 2017
Kaizena directions 2017
 
Wordpress user name directions
Wordpress user name directionsWordpress user name directions
Wordpress user name directions
 
Class 20 n online
Class 20 n onlineClass 20 n online
Class 20 n online
 
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybridEwrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
Ewrt 1 a online introduction hybrid
 
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night special
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night specialEwrt 1 c class 27 night special
Ewrt 1 c class 27 night special
 
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017new
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017newEwrt 1 c spring 2017new
Ewrt 1 c spring 2017new
 
Essay concept hunger games
 Essay  concept hunger games Essay  concept hunger games
Essay concept hunger games
 
Doc jun 7 2017 - 8-54 am
Doc   jun 7 2017 - 8-54 amDoc   jun 7 2017 - 8-54 am
Doc jun 7 2017 - 8-54 am
 
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro special
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro specialEwrt 1 c class 25 night intro special
Ewrt 1 c class 25 night intro special
 
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
 
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
Ewrt 1 c class 24 special spring 2017
 
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online Ewrt 1 c class 23 online
Ewrt 1 c class 23 online
 

Recently uploaded

How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfMohonDas
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdfJayanti Pande
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeCeline George
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxvidhisharma994099
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxPurva Nikam
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceApostolos Syropoulos
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
 
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdfDepartment of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
Department of Health Compounder Question ‍Solution 2022.pdf
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
10 Topics For MBA Project Report [HR].pdf
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 

Ewrt 2 class 7

  • 2. AGENDA • Vocabulary Test #3 • Review: Essay #1 • Counterarguments • Conclusions • Rhetorical Strategies: Aphorism and Chiasmus • In-Class Writing: Counterarguments, Conclusions, Aphorism, Chiasmus
  • 3. Take 20 minutes Use a piece of notebook paper for your answers
  • 4. Review • Characterization • At least six different methods • The prompt • One of five: or you have blended two or more • Directed Summary • Working Thesis • Outline • Paragraph practice: Quotations with explanations • An analogy or two
  • 6. What is a Counterargument? A counterargument is an argument, with factual evidence or other kinds of support, that challenges either your thesis or a major argument for it.
  • 7. What is the purpose of identifying counterarguments? By identifying counterarguments to your ideas, and seeing whether you can respond to them adequately, you test the persuasiveness of the ideas. Some writers avoid thinking about counterarguments, because they fear that mentioning them will weaken their own arguments. They're wrong. Even if you don't mention arguments that might plausibly be used against your own argument, you can be certain that your readers will think of them, and discount your argument accordingly. A good response to a counterargument is often the most persuasive part of your own argument.
  • 8. How do I think through arguments and counterarguments? • 1. You come up with a thesis that expresses your view of the evidence and of the conclusions that should be drawn from it. • 2. You clearly identify your evidence and arguments in your own mind. • 3. You seek evidence or logic on the other side, evidence or logic that might undermine your thesis; you anticipate what critics might say to attack your case. • 4. You state the opposing argument or arguments, and you show that they don't succeed in refuting your own arguments.
  • 9. Where to Put a Counterargument Counterargument can appear anywhere in the essay. Try it in several places and see where it fits best: 1. as part of your introduction—before you propose your thesis—where the existence of a different view is the motive for your essay, the reason it needs writing. 2. as a section or paragraph just after your introduction, in which you lay out the expected reaction or standard position before turning away to develop your own. 3. as a quick move within a paragraph, where you imagine a counterargument not to your main idea but to the sub-idea that the paragraph is arguing or is about to argue. 4. as a section or paragraph just before the conclusion of your essay, in which you imagine what someone might object to what you have argued. But watch that you do not overdo it. A turn into counterargument here and there will sharpen and energize your essay, but too many such turns will have the reverse effect by obscuring your main idea or suggesting that you are ambivalent.
  • 10. Do you need a counterargument? 1. Is there an obvious argument against your thesis? 2. Is there a different conclusion could be drawn from the same facts? 3. Do you make a key assumption with which others might disagree? 4. Do you use a term that someone else might define a different way? 5. Do you ignore certain evidence that others might believe you need to address? 6. Is there an alternative explanation or proposal that some might more readily believe?
  • 11. A Counterargument • Address alternative opinions your readers might have regarding your character. • Think about instances when your character appears to act in a way that could be perceived as contrary to your thesis. Explain why you don’t see the behavior as contrary. • Explain behaviors that are out of the ordinary or out of line with your thesis by analyzing text to show extenuating circumstances. Consider the arguing exercises we have done in class. How might you address your peers’ questions and comments without the obvious question/answer format?
  • 13. Strategies for Writing a Conclusion Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Your conclusion should be the best part of your paper. A conclusion should • stress the importance of the thesis statement, • give the essay a sense of completeness, and • leave a final impression on the reader.
  • 14. Strategies to Avoid • Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing. • Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. • Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion. • Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes. • Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. • Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.
  • 15. The Conclusion  You can discuss how this character fits into the work as a whole.  You might address how the work would be changed if your character were gone.  You can apply insights about this character to a real-world situation. Do we grow as readers from interacting with your character?  You might SUBTLY remind the reader of your central idea and thesis.
  • 16. Rhetorical Strategies: Aphorism and Chiasmus Learning to recognize them Learning to write them
  • 17. Aphorism • An aphorism is a saying—a concise statement of a principle—that has been accepted (or we want to be accepted) as true. • Familiar example • “A penny saved is a penny earned” • There is no fool like an old fool”
  • 18. Aphorisms •Such statements have important qualities: • The are pithy: they say a great deal in a few words. • They appear to contain wisdom: they are delivered as truth and they have the ring of other aphorisms we accept as true.
  • 21. Writing Aphorisms: Method One • There is the ‘spontaneous combustion’ method, in which the aphorism flares out fully formed at unexpected moments, sending the writer scrabbling for napkins, envelopes or any other scrap of paper on which to write it down. Stanislaw Jerzy Lec was a great practitioner of this method:  No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible. Thanks to author and journalist James Geary for the information and examples of aphorisms: http://www.jamesgeary.com/blog/how-to-write-anaphorism/
  • 22. Method Two • Then there is the “deliberate composition: method as practiced by the likes of La Rochefoucauld. He would attend a swanky salon, discuss all manner of subjects, such as love and friendship, then retire for hours to his room where he would produce several sheets of prose, all of which he would eventually distill down to one or two sharp, shining sentences:  In the adversity of even our best friends we always find something not wholly displeasing.
  • 23. Method Three • And then there are the ‘accidental aphorists,’ those writers who never intend to compose aphorisms but just can’t help themselves— aphorisms occur naturally within longer stretches of text, such as essays, novels, or poems. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a classic accidental aphorist:  What is a weed? A plant whose virtues have yet to be discovered.
  • 24. Rules to Consider •Keep it short (after all, only a fool gives a speech in a burning house), •Definitive (no ifs, ands, or buts), •Philosophical (it should make you think), and give it a twist.
  • 25. Not fancy, just thoughtful • What is a bastard? A man whose birth right overshadows his human rights. • Bravery conquers fear; otherwise, it is stupidity. • If Arya cannot save herself, she cannot hope to be saved.
  • 26. Give it a try: Choose a word and write a short, pointed statement expressing a truth, doctrine, or principle. • Power • Bastard • Execution • Winter • Death • Brave • Betrayal • Fear • Prostitution • Throne • Hostage • Honor Example: Marriage A lottery in which men stake their liberty and women their happiness. -- Madame DiRieux One long conversation, checkered by disputes. -- Robert Louis Stevenson
  • 27. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines chiasmus as, "A grammatical figure by which the order of words in one of two of parallel clauses is inverted in the other.” This may involve a repetition of the same words ("Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure" —Byron) or just a reversed parallel between two corresponding pairs of ideas. Chiasmus "to mark with an X.”
  • 28. Simple Grammatical Chiasmus A reversed order of the grammar in two or more clauses in a sentence will yield a chiasmus. Consider the example of a parallel sentence: “He knowingly led and we blindly followed” Inverting into chiasmus: “He knowingly led and we followed blindly”
  • 29. Parallelism: The code breakers worked constantly but succeeded rarely. Chiasmus: The code breakers worked constantly but rarely succeeded. Chiasmus is effective for bringing two elements close together for contrast or emphasis, as you can see with the adverbs constantly and rarely in the example above. The chiastic structure places them almost next to each other for greater contrast than would be provided by a strictly parallel structure. From Writing with Clarity and style: Chapter 1 by Robert A. Harris
  • 30. Another useful effect of chiasmus results from the natural emphasis given to the end of a sentence. Note in the example below how the word forgotten receives greater stress when it appears as the last word of the sentence. Example verb adverb verb adverb Parallelism: What is learned unwillingly is forgotten gladly. verb adverb adverb verb Chiasmus: What is learned unwillingly is gladly forgotten.
  • 31. In addition to contrast and emphasis, chiasmus can add beauty to sentences with no sacrifice of clarity. Reversing the order of independent and subordinate clauses is one way to do this. From Writing with Clarity and style: Chapter 1 by Robert A. Harris
  • 32. Try converting these two from parallelism to chiasmus • Parallelism: Arya trains Nymeria daily and plays with her happily • Parallelism: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall, he seems happy enough, but when the arms master treats him badly, he becomes frustrated and angry.
  • 33. Here are two possibilities • Parallelism: Arya trains Nymeria daily and plays with her happily • Chiasmus: Arya trains Nymeria daily and happily plays with her • Parallelism: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall, he seems happy enough, but when the arms master treats him badly, he gets frustrated and angry. • Chiasmus: When Jon Snow arrives at the wall, he seems happy enough, but he gets frustrated and angry when the arms master treats him badly.
  • 34. Try it! • Write a couple of sentences using chiasmus instead of parallelism. • Try writing new sentences. • Look for some sentences in your writing that will lend themselves to chiasmus.
  • 36. • One of the most fascinating features of chiasmus is this "marking with an X" notion (word reversal). Take Mae West's signature line, "It's not the men in my life, it's the life in my men." By laying out the two clauses parallel to each other, it's possible to draw two lines connecting the key words: It's not the men in my life X it's the life in my men. Thanks to author and psychologist Dr. Mardy Grothe for the information and examples of chiasmus http://www.drmardy.com/chiasmus/definition.shtml
  • 37. Word Reversal Chiasmus Home is where the great are small X and the small are great One should eat to live X not live to eat
  • 38. The ABBA Method One other interesting way to view chiastic quotes is the ABBA method. Let's go back to the Mae West quote. If you assign the letters A and B to the first appearance of the key words and A' and B' (read "A prime" and "B prime") to their second appearance, they follow what is referred to as an ABBA pattern: A It's not the men B in my life B' it's the life A' in my men
  • 39. Chiasmus can also be achieved by reversing more than two key words. This observation from the 18th century English writer, Charles Caleb Colton, is a good example: "How strange it is that we of the present day are constantly praising that past age which our fathers abused, and as constantly abusing that present age, which our children will praise.”
  • 40. Word Reversal Laid out schematically, it looks like this: A How strange it is that we of the present day are constantly praising B that past age C which our fathers abused, C' and as constantly abusing B' that present age, A' which our children will praise
  • 41. Another good example comes from Genesis 9:6:
  • 42. Phrase Reversal • "Lust is what makes you keep wanting to do it, even when you have no desire to be with each other. Love is what makes you keep wanting to be with each other, even when you have no desire to do it." • — Judith Viorst
  • 43. More Examples • "We do not stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing." -Benjamin Franklin • "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -- Carl Sagan • “All for one and one for all” --Alexandre Dumas • "I am stuck on Band-Aid, and Band-Aid's stuck on me." (advertising jingle for Band-Aid bandages)
  • 44. Review and Practice: Try to use words and phrases that link to your character • Word Reversal: • One should eat to live not live to eat • Home is where the great are small and the small are great • Phrase Reversal: • "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -Carl Sagan • “All for one and one for all” --Alexandre Dumas • "I am stuck on Band-Aid, and Band-Aid's stuck on me."
  • 46. Letter Reversal • "A magician is a person who pulls rabbits out of hats. An experimental psychologist is a person who pulls habits out of rats.” • "a doe and fawn" hide from "their foe at dawn."
  • 47. Sound Reversal •"I'd rather have a bottle in front of me Than a frontal lobotomy." — Randy Hanzlick, title of song
  • 48. Reversal of Homonyms • "Why do we drive on a parkway and park on a driveway?” — Richard Lederer • "Here's champagne for our real friends and real pain for our sham friends.” — Edwardian Toast
  • 49. Number Reversal • "A lawyer starts life giving $500 worth of law for $5 and ends giving $5 worth for $500.” — Benjamin H. Brewster • "Errol Flynn died on a 70-foot boat with a 17year-old girl. Walter has always wanted to go that way, but he's going to settle for a 17-footer with a 70-year-old. — Betsy Maxwell Cronkite, wife of Walter Cronkite.
  • 50. Review and Practice: Try to use words and phrases that link to your character • Letter Reversal: "A magician is a person who pulls rabbits out of hats. An experimental psychologist is a person who pulls habits out of rats.” • Sound Reversal: "I'd rather have a bottle in front of me Than a frontal lobotomy.” • Reversal of Homonyms: "Why do we drive on a parkway and park on a driveway?” • Number Reversal: "Errol Flynn died on a 70-foot boat with a 17-yearold girl. Walter has always wanted to go that way, but he's going to settle for a 17-footer with a 70-year-old.
  • 51. Homework • Read A Game of Thrones through page 700 • Post # 12: Counterargument • Post #13: Conclusion • Post #14: Examples of aphorism and chiasmus • We will meet in the library lobby on Thursday for a hands-on workshop given by the librarian.