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Dr. Benjamin Jörissen
http://joerissen.name
benjamin@joerissen.name
The Medialisation of Sight
International Conference
„Exploring the Senses – Emotions,
Performativity, and Ritual“
Freie Universität Berlin, 9.12.2011
http://www.senses-ritual.uni-hd.de
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„Medialisation“
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„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
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„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
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5.
„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
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6.
„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
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7.
„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
Prosthetic extension (eye-camera)
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Andreas Feininger, „The Photojournalist“, 1951
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
Prosthetic extension (eye-camera)
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Andreas Feininger, „The Photojournalist“, 1951
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
Prosthetic extension (eye-camera)
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10.
„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
Prosthetic extension (eye-camera)
First- vs. second-order-mediality of sight
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11.
„Medialisation“
Externalisation of sight (technological eye)
Prosthetic extension (eye-camera)
First- vs. second-order-mediality of sight
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12.
structural aspects of „sight“
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structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
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14.
structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
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15.
structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
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16.
structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
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structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
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18.
structural properties of sight
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
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19.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
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20.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
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21.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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22.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination
temporal structure
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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23.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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24.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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25.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws seeing seeing/
spatial structure seeing being seen
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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structural properties of sight
experience
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws seeing seeing/
spatial structure seeing being seen
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
action
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structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination
temporal structure
somatic
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
self
of visual experience
optics, optical flaws
spatial structure
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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structural properties of sight
using gazes als gestures
world
seeing my gaze being seen
seeing seeing/
seeing being seen
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30.
structural properties of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws seeing seeing/
spatial structure seeing being seen
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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double chiasma
seeing, looking, gazing
action
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
somatic self world
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws seeing seeing/
spatial structure seeing being seen
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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32.
mediality of sight
seeing, looking, gazing
action
eye-hand-coordination using gazes als gestures
temporal structure
somatic self world
distance, intermediation
basic „inside/outside“–scheme
of visual experience
experience seeing my gaze being seen
optics, optical flaws seeing seeing/
spatial structure seeing being seen
construction by means of
memory + recognition
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mediality of sight
self world
seeing as gaze as
action
action gesture
seeing as experience of
experience
experience being seen
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mediality of sight
self world
seeing as gaze as
action
action gesture
seeing as experience of
experience
experience being seen
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mediality and medialisation
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mediality of sight
seeing as gaze as
action gesture
seeing as experience of
experience being seen
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cultural order(s) of sight
mediality of sight
seeing as gaze as
action gesture
seeing as experience of
experience being seen
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cultural order(s) of sight
medialisation of sight?
mediality of sight
seeing as gaze as
action gesture
seeing as experience of
experience being seen
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„mediatisierte“ Sichtbarkeit, Anordnung,
Form Sinn, Aufzeichnung
„Mediatisierung“
(Ereignis)
Medium
{ Medialität (struktural)
Materialität (amedial)
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„mediatisierte“ visibility, order,
Form meaning
Medium
The dispositiv of mediality following Mersch 2002, S. 56 ff.
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„mediatisierte“ visibility, order,
Form meaning
Medium
{ Mediality (structural)
Materiality (non-medial)
The dispositiv of mediality following Mersch 2002, S. 56 ff.
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„mediated“ visibility, order,
form meaning
„Mediatisation“
(emergent event)
Medium
{ Mediality (structural)
Materiality (non-medial)
The dispositiv of mediality following Mersch 2002, S. 56 ff.
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action
aisthesis, perception
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action
aisthesis, perception
interpretation ➔ reconceptualisation ➔ coding
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„medialisation of sight“
modes and examples
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Disciplination of sight in
Counterstrike-gaming
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Bt_imFIYQU
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Self-exposure as a medialised
care of the self
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Quelle: mtv.com
http://www.mtv.com/shows/i_want_a_famous_face-2/series.jhtml
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Quelle: mtv.com
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Jennette Kate Winslet
http://www.mtv.com/onair/i_want_a_famous_face/meet_the_patients/
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The governementalisation of sight in
online-networking-platforms
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practices of self-governance within
visual ,economies of recognition‘:
The individual as its own
„creative industry“
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??
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Free-flowing viral subversions of
visual hegemoniality
in photoshop memes
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„County mayor Li Ningyi and vice-mayor Tang Xiaobing are
inspecting the newly constructed country road at Lihong Town.“
Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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Source: http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/floating-chinese-government-officials
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John Pike, the „pepper spraying cop“
Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/nov/23/pepper-spraying-cop-photoshop-justice
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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http://peppersprayingcop.tumblr.com/
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1) Virally gaining public attention ➔
immediate loss of control
2) Creating visual difference
(remix)
3) Decontextualisation of the image from
its former context: a process of political
(re-) approproation of the public view
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Dr. Benjamin Jörissen
http://joerissen.name
benjamin@joerissen.name
Thank you!
Slides available at:
www.joerissen.name
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Dziga Vertov: Man with a movie camera (1929)\nKinoglaz (cinematic eye)\n
2001 - Space Odyssey (USA 1968)\n
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Andreas Feininger, „The Photojournalist“, 1951\n
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last feature implies sociality: recognition of self, perspective-taking\nparadigmatic: lacan, mirror stage\n
body ⇔ eyes ⇔ world\n
eyes open/closed – self/world\n
(Zeichnung aus: Ernst Mach: Antimetaphysische Vorbemerkungen. In: ders., Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis der Physischen zum Psychischen. --  2.,verm. Aufl. --  Jena : Fischer, 1900. Online: http://www.payer.de/fremd/mach.htm )\n\n\n
lense/liquid flares, mechanically induced perceptions, left/right-difference ⇒ experience of mediality\nbase-level reflexivity\n
point of view, field view, solution, perspective, angle, direction, obstacles\n
Seeign as an act: John Dewey: The reflex arc concept in psychology (1896); pragmatistic concept of experience\n
Leroi-Gourhan\n
pattern recognition (phylogenetic: retinal movement recognitions; ontogenetic: pattern/image recognition) - imagination\n(A point where mass media usually come in by providing cultural „standard schemes“ of meaning construction; which is a most simple form of a „medialisation“ of sight“).\n
G.H. Mead: Seeing als seeing the future of a practice;\nPhenomenology: Seeing als grounded in (former) experience (pre-experiences).\n
Social/cultural orders of the gaze\n
mutuality\n
2nd order-observance-„feature“; reflexivity\nperspective-taking; sociality; subjectivity\n
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double chiasma\n
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double chiasm: self-world, action-experience (actio-passio)\n
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politics of seeing (Wulf 1997, 448)\n
The „medialisation of sight“ is a transformation of „ways of seeing“ by means of media structures (John Berger 1972)\n
Niklas Luhmann, Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft\n
Jede Änderung/Innovation auf dem Feld der Medialität (z.B. EInführung der Fotografie, Einführung des Films) ändert das Gesamt kultureller Gefüge; zudem sind intermediale und medienkonvergente Dynamiken einzubeziehen. + Mediatisierung ( = Konstitution) von Wahrnehmung ( + Kognition).\nD.h., jede Kultur ist immer schon auf historisch wechselnde Weise medial verfasst. -> Konstitutivität von Medialität. Kulturelle Praxen sind in Medialität, ihre Erscheinungsformen (und Materialitäten) eingelassen. Deswegen sind „Medien“ nur in Verkennung der Zusammenhänge als „Gegenstandsbereich“, etwa von Erziehung auf der Subjektseite (Erziehende, Erzogene), konzipierbar.\nDass man über Medialität in dieser Weise nachdenkt, ist nicht selbstverständlich (aufgrund des ständigen Entzugs der Medien). Medienerziehung ist älter als das Nachdenken über Medialität, zumal dieses Jahrzehnte gebraucht hat, um in den der pädagogischen Debatte um Medien Geltung zu finden (russ. Formalismus, Kanadische Schule, Neuformalismus).\n\n
Jede Änderung/Innovation auf dem Feld der Medialität (z.B. EInführung der Fotografie, Einführung des Films) ändert das Gesamt kultureller Gefüge; zudem sind intermediale und medienkonvergente Dynamiken einzubeziehen. + Mediatisierung ( = Konstitution) von Wahrnehmung ( + Kognition).\nD.h., jede Kultur ist immer schon auf historisch wechselnde Weise medial verfasst. -> Konstitutivität von Medialität. Kulturelle Praxen sind in Medialität, ihre Erscheinungsformen (und Materialitäten) eingelassen. Deswegen sind „Medien“ nur in Verkennung der Zusammenhänge als „Gegenstandsbereich“, etwa von Erziehung auf der Subjektseite (Erziehende, Erzogene), konzipierbar.\nDass man über Medialität in dieser Weise nachdenkt, ist nicht selbstverständlich (aufgrund des ständigen Entzugs der Medien). Medienerziehung ist älter als das Nachdenken über Medialität, zumal dieses Jahrzehnte gebraucht hat, um in den der pädagogischen Debatte um Medien Geltung zu finden (russ. Formalismus, Kanadische Schule, Neuformalismus).\n\n
Jede Änderung/Innovation auf dem Feld der Medialität (z.B. EInführung der Fotografie, Einführung des Films) ändert das Gesamt kultureller Gefüge; zudem sind intermediale und medienkonvergente Dynamiken einzubeziehen. + Mediatisierung ( = Konstitution) von Wahrnehmung ( + Kognition).\nD.h., jede Kultur ist immer schon auf historisch wechselnde Weise medial verfasst. -> Konstitutivität von Medialität. Kulturelle Praxen sind in Medialität, ihre Erscheinungsformen (und Materialitäten) eingelassen. Deswegen sind „Medien“ nur in Verkennung der Zusammenhänge als „Gegenstandsbereich“, etwa von Erziehung auf der Subjektseite (Erziehende, Erzogene), konzipierbar.\nDass man über Medialität in dieser Weise nachdenkt, ist nicht selbstverständlich (aufgrund des ständigen Entzugs der Medien). Medienerziehung ist älter als das Nachdenken über Medialität, zumal dieses Jahrzehnte gebraucht hat, um in den der pädagogischen Debatte um Medien Geltung zu finden (russ. Formalismus, Kanadische Schule, Neuformalismus).\n\n
nested mediality\nThe process of mediatisation (of making something visible) is now based upon a double, nested invisibility: the insivibility of sight is embedded in the invisibility of a media environment wherein sight happens.\n\n
In the realm of digital media, this process could also be understood like this.\nThe reconceptualisation of sight is an embedded transformation of its structural aspects.\nThis also bears the possibility of making sight visible (perceivable), i.e. of allowing sight to be reflected upon.\n
How complex media structures change the game (practices) of seeing, looking, gazing\n
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cf. Constanze Bausch/Benjamin Jörissen (2004): Erspielte Rituale. Kampf und Gemeinschaftsbildung auf LAN-Partys. In: Christoph Wulf e.a.: Bildung im Ritual. Schule, Familie, Jugend, Medien. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag, S. 303-357.\nThe meaning of the martial visuality of the game is defined by the gamers communities („clans“). \nThe Visuality of this game has been designed for gaming speed and playability, not for the purpose of visually realistic war scenes.\nPleasure in viewing blood „(frags“) and killing scenes is despised, because in order to achieve the goals of the group, the game has to be taken (and seen) from a distanced, strategic, thus rational perspective.\n
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„Dies ist die entscheidende Wende […]: Indem sie sich selbst in den öffentlichen Blick einbringen […], bringen sie auch den Modus der Sorge um sich direkt in die medienvermittelte Situation der gegenwärtigen Kultur.“ \n(Poster 2008, 224)\n
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Visuality/Visibility in the social web as an inverted panopticon.\n
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Prisoners can always be seen/guard can never be seen\n
Structural changes of the view: no mutuality (no control), persistence of being-seen (no control).\n
„user generated content“, social networking, pre-emptive adoption of the logics of market as a base for social relationships\n
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On June 16th, 2011, a photograph of three Chinese officials standing on a road was posted via China’s Huili County Government official website, accompanied by the caption: “County mayor Li Ningyi and vice-mayor Tang Xiaobing are inspecting the newly constructed country road at Lihong Town." \nOn June 26th, 2011, a Tianya Club[1] forum member posted the image with the title “Too fake: the propaganda photo for our county.“\n\n
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Officials posted an apology to the Chinese social networking site Weibo a day later. The officials further explained that the three county officials did visit the site, but none of the photographs taken during the inspection were suitably impressive for publication.\nNonetheless, after reports from the Guardian and the NY Times, the photoshop meme went on.\n
Similarly, John Pike, the infamous „pepper spraying cop“ who „treated“ students which participated in an „Occupy“ deminstration at the Univ. of California, soon became subject of a photoshop meme and got his own blog.\n\nThis case is not working against a „hegemonic view“, but it also demonstrates the power of „viral visibility“.\n\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
(He soon became ,iconic‘)\n
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