25. Evolution of Organizational Metaphors Closed System : “A self-sufficient entity, closed to the surrounding environment.” (For example, a battery-powered clock.) ===> Weber’s bureaucracy Open system : “Depends on constant interaction with the surrounding environment for survival.” (For example, the human body.) ===> The Biological Metaphor
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30. Ex: Organization as open system Organization Inputs Outputs Feedback Productive subsystem Managerial subsystem Adaptive subsystem Maintenance subsystem Supportive subsystem
31. Ex: Process centered company Business Processes Jobs and structure Management and measurement systems Values and beliefs surface system Beyond reegineering, M. Hammer, 1996
32. Ex: Process centered company Learning process Redesign process Transition process deep system Beyond reegineering, M. Hammer, 1996
33. Contingency Approach Behavior of people Systems of management Structure The ‘fit’ between.. ..will depend upon situational variables for each particular organization. There is no one best universal structure!
Editor's Notes
Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 168-169.
Material pertinent to this illustration is found on pages 168-169.
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