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Specific immunity
“What if pathogens get
           in?”
• White blood cells take over and specifically identify and
  eliminate the pathogen.
• White blood cells = “soldiers”
• Immune Response
Organs of the Immune
       System
          White blood cells
          called leukocytes
          Made thymus and
          bone marrow
          Stored tonsils,
          spleen, and lymph
          nodes.
How does your body
           know
    there is an invader?
• All pathogens have “distinct” antigens.
• Antigens are marker proteins- trigger immune
  response
• Your body must recognize antigens in order to
  identify and defeat the pathogen.
• Normal cells also have antigens.




                    Antigen
Specific immunity
Antibodies
• Your white blood cells produce antibodies in
  response to specific antigens.
• These are specific to each pathogen.
• All pathogens are unique, your immune system
  has to prepare a specific defense against each
  invader.
• If you makes/have the antibodies it can kill the
  pathogen and you can fight the infection.
• B-cells (type of white blood cell) make the
  antibodies!
Building “Immunity”
• What happens if a pathogen makes it
  past the first lines of defense and avoids
  the inflammation response?
• Your body must “actively” fight the
  disease.
• This takes time.
• This requires a special group of white
  blood cells  lymphocytes.
“The Soldiers”
• Many types of WBC
  work together during
  the immune response to
  fight the infection.
• Macrophages
• Lymphocytes
“The Soldiers”
• 3 major classes of
  lymphocytes:

  1) B-cells (plasma cells)
  2) T-cells
       -Helper T cells
       -Killer T cells
       -Suppressor T cells
  3) Memory cells
Step #1 “Invader
          Identification”
• Macrophages identify pathogen, eat it, display
  antigens, signal helper T cells (interleukin-1).
• Body temperature will increase (interleukin-1) in
  attempt to slow down pathogen.
• Helper T cells release interleukin 2 – signals
  help other leukocytes (other T-cells and B-cells)
Step #2 “Cloning
           Phase”
• B cells make antibodies - lock onto
  antigens.“Marked for death.”

             Antibodies




                   Antigen
Step #3 “The Attack Phase”
• Killer T cells kill infected body cells.
Step #3 “The Attack
          Phase”
• Macrophages clean up- eating pathogens,
  damaged body cells, etc.
• Suppressor T cells “call off the troops” stopping
  the immune response.
Step #4 “Memory
          Phase”
• Memory cells “remember” the attack and
  recognize a pathogen if it re-enters body.
• Primary vs. secondary immune response
Active vs. Passive
          Immunity
• Active = your body must fight off the
  disease to build up antibodies. Ex.)
  Fighting an infection or Vaccination
• Passive = receiving antibodies from an
  outside source. Ex.) Breast feeding

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Specific immunity

  • 2. “What if pathogens get in?” • White blood cells take over and specifically identify and eliminate the pathogen. • White blood cells = “soldiers” • Immune Response
  • 3. Organs of the Immune System White blood cells called leukocytes Made thymus and bone marrow Stored tonsils, spleen, and lymph nodes.
  • 4. How does your body know there is an invader? • All pathogens have “distinct” antigens. • Antigens are marker proteins- trigger immune response • Your body must recognize antigens in order to identify and defeat the pathogen. • Normal cells also have antigens. Antigen
  • 6. Antibodies • Your white blood cells produce antibodies in response to specific antigens. • These are specific to each pathogen. • All pathogens are unique, your immune system has to prepare a specific defense against each invader. • If you makes/have the antibodies it can kill the pathogen and you can fight the infection. • B-cells (type of white blood cell) make the antibodies!
  • 7. Building “Immunity” • What happens if a pathogen makes it past the first lines of defense and avoids the inflammation response? • Your body must “actively” fight the disease. • This takes time. • This requires a special group of white blood cells  lymphocytes.
  • 8. “The Soldiers” • Many types of WBC work together during the immune response to fight the infection. • Macrophages • Lymphocytes
  • 9. “The Soldiers” • 3 major classes of lymphocytes: 1) B-cells (plasma cells) 2) T-cells -Helper T cells -Killer T cells -Suppressor T cells 3) Memory cells
  • 10. Step #1 “Invader Identification” • Macrophages identify pathogen, eat it, display antigens, signal helper T cells (interleukin-1). • Body temperature will increase (interleukin-1) in attempt to slow down pathogen.
  • 11. • Helper T cells release interleukin 2 – signals help other leukocytes (other T-cells and B-cells)
  • 12. Step #2 “Cloning Phase” • B cells make antibodies - lock onto antigens.“Marked for death.” Antibodies Antigen
  • 13. Step #3 “The Attack Phase” • Killer T cells kill infected body cells.
  • 14. Step #3 “The Attack Phase” • Macrophages clean up- eating pathogens, damaged body cells, etc. • Suppressor T cells “call off the troops” stopping the immune response.
  • 15. Step #4 “Memory Phase” • Memory cells “remember” the attack and recognize a pathogen if it re-enters body. • Primary vs. secondary immune response
  • 16. Active vs. Passive Immunity • Active = your body must fight off the disease to build up antibodies. Ex.) Fighting an infection or Vaccination • Passive = receiving antibodies from an outside source. Ex.) Breast feeding