1. DepEd Order 14 s. 2018
The Philippine Informal
Reading Inventory
Manual 2018
Wedzmer B. Munjilul
Head Teacher I
CID - LRMDS
2. Objectives
❖ Informed, updated and oriented with the new Phil-IRI Manual
2018
❖ Identify the 4 Stages of Phil-IRI Administration
❖ Familiarize with the new Phil-IRI Forms and Answer Sheets
❖ Compare and contrast through analysis of procedures with the
previous Phil-IRI and the 2018 Revised Phil-IRI.
❖ Address misconceptions and other concerns regarding Phil-IRI.
❖ Distribute, use and manipulate the new Phil-IRI Templates.
3. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
1st Qtr
(June-July)
STAGE 2
2nd & 3rd
Qtr
4th Qtr
(Feb- Mar)
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
STAGE 1
4. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
1st Qtr
(June-July)
Initial Screening (Phil-IRI Group Screening Test)
Filipino GST : G3 to G6
English GST : G4 to G6
(Phil-IRI Form 1A & 1B shall be submitted to School Head)
If Raw Score is <14
Student undergoes Phil-IRI assessment
If Raw Score is ≥ 14
-Student continues receiving classroom instruction
-No need to undergo further testing
-No need for reading remediation
DISCONTINUE
STAGE 2
2nd & 3rd
Qtr
4th Qtr
(Feb- Mar)
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
STAGE 1
5. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
1st Qtr
(June-July)
2nd & 3rd
Qtr
4th Qtr
(Feb- Mar)
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
Administration of the Phil-IRI Grade Passages
(Individual)
Oral Reading English/Filipino
Administration of the Phil-IRI Listening Pre-Test for
English/Filipino
Administration of the Phil-IRI Pretest
(Silent Reading English/Filipino)
Optional for Readers, Not for NR
6. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
1st Qtr
(June-July)
2nd & 3rd
Qtr
4th Qtr
(Feb- Mar)
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
Provision of Reading Intervention
Student is given individualized/small group instruction
STAGE 4
STAGE 1
7. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
1st Qtr
(June-July)
2nd & 3rd
Qtr
4th Qtr
(Feb- Mar)
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
Administration of the Phil-IRI Post Test
(English / Filipino)
Progress Reports to be submitted to the School Head
STAGE 2
STAGE 1
8. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (June-July)
STAGE 1 Phil-IRI Group Screening Test | Filipino GST : G3 to G6 | English GST : G4 to G6
Step 1: Secure an updated copy of the class list (SF1 if possible)
and attach it to Phil-IRI Form 1A and 1B.
Step 2: Secure complete set of the Phil-IRI Testing Kit
(provided by the School Head or coordinator).
a. Phil-IRI Manual for Administration
b. Phil-IRI Practice Item Charts
c. Phil-IRI Group Screening Test Forms
d. Phil-IRI Group Screening Test Answer Sheets
e. Timer
f. Pen
g. Masking Tape
Step 3: Prepare for Testing.
Say:
“Hello, I am _____. For this day, we will not be holding regular
class. Each of you will be asked to read a set of passages that
have corresponding questions.
Read each passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
You will only be given 30 minutes to finish reading the selections
and answer all of the questions.”
Sabihin:
“Magandang umaga/hapon. Ako po si _____. Sa araw na ito,
hindi tayo magkakaroon ng regular na klase Bawat isa sa inyo
ay bibigyan ng ilang mga babasahin na may nakalakip na
tanong ukol sa binasa.
Basahin nang mabuti ang talata at sagutan ang mga
tanong sa abot ng inyong makakaya.
Bibigyan lamang kayo ng 30 minuto para tapusin ang
pagbabasa ng mga talata at pagsagot sa mga tanong”.
9. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (June-July)
STAGE 1 Phil-IRI Group Screening Test | Filipino GST : G3 to G6 | English GST : G4 to G6
Step 4: Administer the Phil-IRI Group Screening Test
a. Secure number of copies (total class plus 1)
b. Give the reminders:
REMINDERS
1.Avoid talking, eating, and going to the rest room
while testing is going on.
2.Do not write on the test booklet. Write your
answers on the answer sheet.
3.Read all of the selections as best as you can.
4.Answer all of the questions that follow.
5.If you have a question, please raise your hand.
The teacher will approach you.
MGA PAALALA
1.Iwasan makipag-usap sa katabi at magpunta sa
banyo habang sinasagutan ang pagsusulit na ito.
2.Iwasan ang pagsult/pagmarka sa test booklet.
Isulat ang mga sagot sa sagutang papel.
3.Basahin lahat ng seleksyon nang mabuti.
4.Sagutan lahat ng sumusunod na tanong.
5.Kung kinakailangan ang paglilinaw, itaas ang
kamay para malapitan kayo ng guro.
c. Distribute the answer sheets. Have the students fill in their
personal information.
- Remind the students what to write (name, age etc).
- Inform the students to encircle their gender (in the answer
sheet).
- Show them the answer sheet (Ex: accomplished answer sheet)
d. Using a chart, model how the test should be answered.
The chart may be written on the board or made using any visual
material which can be preserved in the future.
e. Distribute the test booklets.
f. If there are no questions, have them answer the test silently.
10. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (June-July)
STAGE 1 Phil-IRI Group Screening Test | Filipino GST : G3 to G6 | English GST : G4 to G6
Step 5: Report the Results.
a. Fill out Phil-IRI Form 1A (Fil) or 1B (Eng).
b. Record the names (attach class list for
reference).
c. Choose check mark if student took the test and
choose X mark if otherwise.
d. Identify the type of question in each item in the
test (Teacher’s Copy) and record the correct
answers of each student per type.
e. Template will auto-generate the results.
f. Students marked “<14” (less than) will proceed
to Phil-IRI Stage 2.
g. Submit Phil-IRI Form 1A & 1B to School Head.
Automated template will be distributed later along
with demonstration on how to use it.
11. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (June-July)
STAGE 1 Phil-IRI Group Screening Test | Filipino GST : G3 to G6 | English GST : G4 to G6
REMEMBER:
Phil-IRI GST will tell you whether students’ reading are at, or below,
their grade placement. Such that:
* Test includes 3 to 4 selections in English & Filipino.
* Each selection has multiple-choice items worth 20 points.
* Cut-off referral is at 14 point score, and below it (13) are referred to
the next stage.
12. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (July-August)
STAGE 2 Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
Step 1: Determine the Starting Point of Graded Passages
Prerequisites:
1.1.1) Copy of Form 1A and/or 1B
1.1.2. Phil-IRI Manual for Administration
1.1.3) Phil-IRI Test booklets for one-on-one administration
1.1.4) Phil-IRI Form 3A and/or 3B
1.1.5) Phil-IRI Form 4A and/or 4B
1.1.6) Timer
1.1.7) Pen
1.1.8) Recording device
1.1 - Materials: 1.2 - Testing Area:
1.2.1) Secure an area for testing (ventilation, lighting, ambiance)
1.2.2) Check the testing kit if complete.
1.2.3) Layout the necessary materials (booklets, Phil-IRI forms)
1.3 - Prepare for Testing
1.3.1) Review the procedures for Administration & Forms.
1.3.2) Locate the passages to be administered and determine
the starting point.
GST Score Graded Passage
Learner Performance on Group
Screening Test
0 - 7 out of 20 3 levels below
8 - 13 out of 20 2 levels below
13. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (July-August)
STAGE 2
Step 2: Identify the learner’s Reading Levels for Independent, Instructional, and Frustration.
2.1 - Assessing Performance
2.1.1 - Orienting the learning, establishing rapport, and administer the test.
2.1.2 - Ask the motivation & motive questions.
2.1.3 - Let the learner read the selection.
2.1.4 - After reading, show the multiple choice items on the student’s booklet.
2.1.5 - Check learner’s performance, if the learner goes back to the selection to identify
the answer, mark the scoring sheet (if correct) and write LB (looked back).
2.2 - Recording and Reporting of Results
2.2.1 - Fill-out Phil-IRI Form 3A/3B for each passage.
2.2.2 - Find the learner’s independent, instructional & frustration levels.
Grade Passage
Result
One Level One Level than Previous
Independent Higher -> Instructional Higher -> Frustration
Instructional Higher -> Frustration Lower -> Independent
Frustration Lower -> Instructional Lower -> Independent
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
14. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE 1st Qtr (July-August)
STAGE 2 Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
2.2.3 - Marking & Scoring the Oral Reading Miscues
15. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 2
2.2.4 - Marking & Scoring the Oral Reading Miscues
Oral Reading Score = number of words - number of miscues
number of words
x 100
Reading Speed = number of words read
Reading time in seconds
x 60
Comprehension Level = number of correct answers
number of questions
x 100
1st Qtr (July-August)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
Oral Reading Level Word Reading Score Comprehension Score
Independent 97-100% 80-100%
Instructional 90-96% 59-79%
Frustration 89% and below 58% and below
Word Reading Reading Comprehension Reading Profile per passage
Independent Independent Independent
Independent Instructional Instructional
Instructional Independent Instructional
Instructional Frustration Frustration
Frustration Instructional Frustration
Frustration Frustration Frustration
16. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 2
1st Qtr (July-August)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
2.2.5 - Fill-out Form 4A and 4B (items may be referred to Form 3A &
3B)
17. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 2
1st Qtr (July-August)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Optional Stages 2a and 2b
3.2 - Silent Reading Test
Step 3: Administer Listening Comprehension Test and/or Silent Reading Test
3.1 - Listening Comprehension Test (Recommended for Poor/Non-Readers)
Test Administrator reads the selection along with the questions instead of the learner. Phil-IRI Forms
3A/3B and 4A/4B will still be used without the items indicating miscues and shall only focus on
comprehension. The result of this test will be the learner’s Reading Profile for Listening
Comprehension Test.
Same procedure is conducted except that instead of the student reading the passages audibly, it will
be done silently. The questions will be read by the test administrator unlike Oral Reading where the
learner has the option to read it or the facilitator.
18. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 2
1st Qtr (July-August)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino (Flow Chart)
Step 1: Determine Starting Point of Graded Passages
Step 2: Compute scores in Word Reading & Comprehension to identify Reading Levels
for each passage.
(Optional) Step 3: Administer Listening Comprehension & Silent ReadingGrade Passage Result Independent Instructional Frustration
One Level Higher -> Instructional Higher -> Frustration Lower ->Instructional
One Level than
Previous Higher -> Frustration Lower -> Independent Lower -> Independent
19. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 2
1st Qtr (July-August)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Graded Passages (Pre-Test) |Oral Reading English/Filipino
Step 1: Determine Starting Point of Graded Passages
Step 2: Compute scores in Word Reading & Comprehension to identify Reading Levels
for each passage.
(Optional) Step 3: Administer Listening Comprehension & Silent Reading
Stage 2a:
Listening Comprehension
Stage 2b:
Silent Reading
20. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
R = D x LC
Reading
Comprehension
Decoding or
Word Reading
Language
Comprehension
Figure 1. Simple View of Reading by Wesley Hoover & Philip B. Gough (1990)
Child’s Reading
Performance during BoSY
Classroom
Assessment
Classroom Instruction Informed
by Assessment
Child’s Reading
Performance during EoSY
Individual
Assessment
Specialized Instruction Informed
by Assessment
Figure 2. Assessment & Instruction for Reading Development
21. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Purpose of Assessment
Gather enough information about a learner’s performance to facilitate effective decision-making
(Airasian, 2001).
Information that:
a. Describes performance based on that which is administered.
b. Provides an estimate what the respondent can do based on the competencies tested.
c. Is not conclusive but may be used to infer with other assessment procedures.
d. Should inform instruction/intervention designs.
Domains of Literacy Assessed by Phil-IRI
Word
Recognition
Fluency
Comprehensi
on
22. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
= Phonological Awareness + Alphabet Knowledge
In short, the teacher assess if the reading material matches the learner’s reading performa
Phonological Awareness is the ability to recognize and work with sounds in spoken language which
include phonemic awareness and phonics.
Alphabet Knowledge refers to recognizing, naming and sounding out all the upper and lower case
letters in the alphabet.
WORD ONSET RIME
clap cl -ap
cat c -at
23. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
= Phonological Awareness + Alphabet Knowledge
MISCUES
Omission Substitution
substitution
Mispronunciation
mispronunciation
Insertion
^
Repetition
Transposition
Reversal
In short, the teacher assess if the reading material matches the learner’s reading performa
24. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
= Phonological Awareness + Alphabet Knowledge
What if there is nothing to assess, i.e. Non-Readers? Or in cases of very slow readers
“Modified” MARUNGKO APPROACH
1. Mm
2. Ss
3. Aa
4. Ii
5. Oo
6. Bb
7. Ee
8. Uu
9. Tt
10.Kk
11.Ll
12.Yy
13.Nn
14.Gg
15.Ng ng
16.Pp
17.Rr
18.Dd
19.Hh
20.Ww
Mga Titik Banyaga
“ May ubas si Ela sa mesa.”
m, s, a, i, o, b, e, u
25. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
= Phonological Awareness + Alphabet Knowledge
Word Recognition in the MT and in Filipino
Learner’s
Experience
Learner’s Oral
Language, L1
What the Learner
will Read, L1
Shifting to Word Recognition in English L2
Instruction of Oral
Language, L2
What the Learner
will Read, L2
What if there is nothing to assess, i.e. Non-Readers? Or in cases of very slow readers
26. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
= Phonological Awareness + Alphabet Knowledge
Shifting to Word Recognition in English L2 : Word Families
a. CVC Pattern (short vowel words)
b. Consonant Blends (Initial & Final blends)
c. Consonant Diagraphs
d. Long Vowel Words ending in silent e
e. Words with Vowel Diagraphs
f. Vowels with Diphthongs
“ The purpose is that they learn to recognize words quickly and automatica
so that they can turn their attention to comprehension of the te
What if there is nothing to assess, i.e. Non-Readers? Or in cases of very slow readers
27. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Fluency
Speed
Accuracy
Expression
Reading
AloudFluent reading resembles
conversational speaking, that is;
students read accurately without
effort and with expression.
When the voice is hardly audible
or heard, it may suggest
uncertainty on the accuracy of the
words being read.
When reading progresses to word
groupings, lack of expression may
still be evident until such time
reading progresses towards
phrase units.
SKILLS
• Appropriate decoding skills and strategies
• Wide vocabulary of words that they understand
• Set of words they can read with automaticity
• Ability to monitor how they read
• Appropriate comprehension strategies as they read
• The motivation to read on their own and with purpose
28. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
Fluency Comprehension
“HOW” : Student behaviours while reading
Evident reading behaviours should direct teachers in
assisting them to perform at their current level rather than
at their grade level.
DEVELOPING
Current level
Fluent
Grade Level
Modelled Reading
Fluent
1 Minute Reading Intervention
Repeated Reading
29. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Word
Recognition
Fluency Comprehension
Listening
Comprehension
Reading
Comprehension
TEXT
Factors that Affect
Schema Vocabulary
Fluency
Word
Recognition
30. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Listening Comprehension Strategies
BEFORE DURING AFTER
Connect
Listen for Answers
Quick Check
Predict Respond
Talk about new words
Literal Comprehension
Inferential Comprehension
Evaluation / Critical reading
Integration / Application
Creative Reading
31. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Comprehensi
on
Reading
Comprehension
Schema
VocabularyFluency
Word Recognition
1.Learning to read known words
2.Learning new meanings for known words
3.Learning new words that represent known concepts
4.Learning new words that represent new concepts
5.Clarifying and enriching the meaning of known
words
6.Moving words from receptive to expressive
vocabulary
6 Tasks in Word Knowledge
Gunning, T. (2008) The Reading Teacher
32. ComprehensionComprehension Strategies
Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
Preparational
Strategies
❖ Activating prior
knowledge
❖ Setting purpose and
goals
❖ Previewing
❖ Predicting
Organizational
Strategies
❖ Complementing the
main idea
❖ Determining
important details
❖ Organizing details
❖ Sequencing
❖ Following directions
❖ Summarizing
Elaboration Strategies
❖ Making inferences
❖ Imaging
❖ Generating
questions
Metacognitive
Strategies
❖ Regulating
❖ Checking
❖ Repairing
Processes needed for the
reader to get ready to construct
meaning
Constructing relationships
among ideas & concepts.
Exercises in building
associations - information &
prior knowledge
Activities to inform student
comprehension & regulating it.
33. 5 Steps in Teaching Comprehension StrategiesComprehension Strategies
Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 3
2nd & 3rd Qtr
Provision of Reading Intervention (Specialized Instruction/Reading Intervention)
1 Introducing the Strategy
Demonstrating &
Modeling the Strategy2 Guided Practice
34 Independent Practice
& Application
Assessment &
Reteaching
5
Explicit Instructions by Gunning, T. (2008)
34. Stages in the Administration of Phil-IRI
TIMELINE
STAGE 4
4th Qtr (February-March)
Administration of the Phil-IRI Post Test (English/Filipino)
Repeat Stage 2 Procedures:
Step 1: Conduct Initial Screening to determine Starting Point of Graded Passages
Step 2: Administer Oral Reading and compute Word Reading & Comprehension for each Reading Levels
Step 3: Report Results using Phil-IRI Form 3A/3B and Phil-IRI Form 4A/4B
Step 4 (Optional): Conduct additional testing Listening Comprehension & Silent Reading
35. Objectives
❖ Informed, updated and oriented with the new Phil-IRI Manual
2018
❖ Identify the 4 Stages of Phil-IRI Administration
❖ Familiarize with the new Phil-IRI Forms and Answer Sheets
❖ Compare and contrast through analysis of procedures with the
previous Phil-IRI and the 2018 Revised Phil-IRI.
❖ Address misconceptions and other concerns regarding Phil-IRI.
❖ Distribute, use and manipulate the new Phil-IRI Templates.
36. DepEd Order 14 s. 2018
The Philippine Informal
Reading Inventory
Manual 2018
Wedzmer B. Munjilul
Head Teacher I
CID - LRMDS
www.ischoolforms.com.nu
Editor's Notes
Forms 4A and 4B have highlighted items except L-I-C column
Behaviours while Reading: will be on a 5-point Likert scale. (Always, Very Often, Sometimes, Rarely, Never)
Decoding refers to efficient word recognition
Language Comprehension refers to the ability to take lexical information & derive sentence & discourse interpretations
Phonological awareness - word sounds : beginning (onset) and ending (rime)
Phonemic Awareness - onset and rime
Phonics - combination of how letters sound
Cartilla Method - first known phonics instruction program; breaking down i.e. syllabicate (ba, be, bi, bo, bu)
Marungko Approach - letter-sound correspondence at the phonemic level
The technique in teaching reading in English is different; the consonants are introduced first. When a reader can identify each consonant, can sound it correctly, and can write its upper and lower case, then the words are introduced as word families. The vowels are not taught in isolation because each vowel in English has more than one sound.
CVC - pen, bat, etc
Consonant blends - bless, crib; send, tent
Consonant Diagraphs - chop, hatch, shop, fish
Long Vowel silent e - bake, cake, like, nose, tube
Words w/ Vowel Diagraphs - goat, sheep, beat, pail,
Vowels with Diphtongs - oi: oil, oy: toy, aw: saw, ou:out; ow:how
Speed = Reading Rate (words per minute)
Accuracy = Percentage of words correct per minute (wcpm)
Expression = proper tone, pauses and intonation
How students read affects fluency, and fluency is the link between decoding and comprehension.
1-min. Reading - Brief passages done several times then graph based on WCPM
Listening Comprehension is a complex and active process in which vocabulary knowledge is a crucial component and which requires an intentional and thoughtful interaction between the listener and the text.
Reading Comprehension is a complex and active process in which vocabulary knowledge is a crucial component and which requires an intentional and thoughtful interaction between the reader and the text.
Schema - a collection of information in our brains that contain related concepts, events, emotions, and roles taken from our life experiences. (Rumelhart, 1981 in Reutzel and Cooter, 2007)
Vocabulary - are the words we need to know to understand what we hear, i.e. words & meaning (Ambruster et al, National Institute for Literacy, 2003)
Fluency - reading with accuracy, speed, proper expression
Word Recognition - identification of a written word
Connect - prior knowledge; Predict - what to learn; New Words - Unlocking difficulties
Listen for Answers - motivation questions; Quick Check - If students are still listening
Respond - Inferring Characteristics, Inferring Feelings, Recalling Events, Mapping the Setting, Questioning
Literal Questions
Inferential - Interpretations (implications, comparisons, contrasts etc)
Evaluation - personal judgment (accuracy, truthfulness, discrimination etc)
Integration - empathy
Creative Reading - new ideas (dramatizing, writing alternate ending etc)
Activating prior knowledge - subject & personal knowledge are connected
Setting purpose & goals - teacher or student set their goals thru questions
Previewing - orientation
Predicting - activate reader’s schema (prior knowledge)
Comprehending main idea - provides framework in organizing, understanding and remembering in Determining the main idea.
Classifying/Organizing Details - classification by identifying groups to which ideas and concepts link together.
Sequencing - organizing in order
Following directions - familiarity of cue words from first to last
Summarizing - identifying main and supporting ideas
Making Inferences - putting 2 or more information from the text
Imaging - making images of what they read
Generating questions - students make their own questions about the selection
Regulating - knowing what to read, how to read it and put that knowledge to use
Checking - students evaluate their reading performance
Repairing - allow students take corrective action, identify the source of difficulty & ways to address it
Introducing the Strategy - what it is, why it is being taught, how, when & where it is used.
Demo & Modelling strategy - show the strategy, how it is done, examples of its use.
Guided Practice - gradual stages of reading practice
Independent Practice & Application
Assessment & Reteaching - confirming that students apply the strat effectively.