BPH 4th year International Health USAID

1. USAID
Ankita Kunwar
Bph 4th year

2. USAID
• The United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) is an independent
agency of the United state federal
government that is primarily responsible for
administering civilian foreign
aid and development assistance.
• November 3, 1961 AD- established.
• President John F. Kennedy.

3. • Bilateral health organization
• With a budget of over $27 billion, USAID is
one of the largest official aid agencies in the
world.

4. USAID – History
• When the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) was created, it brought
together several existing foreign assistance
organizations and programs.
• Until then, there had never been a single agency
charged with foreign economic development, so
with the passage of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 by Congress, U.S. foreign assistance
activities underwent a major transformation.

5. History
Early International Development Efforts
• The modern-day concept of international
development assistance took shape after World
War II ended in 1945. George C. Marshall, the
Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949 provided
significant financial and technical assistance to
Europe after the war. Famously known as the
Marshall Plan, this was a successful effort that
allowed Europe to rebuild its infrastructure,
strengthen its economy, and stabilize the region.

6. International Aid Becomes Foreign Policy
• Building on the success of the Marshall Plan,
President Harry S. Truman proposed an
international development assistance program in
1949. The 1950 Point Four Program focused on 2
goals:
– Creating markets for the United States by reducing
poverty and increasing production in developing
countries
– Diminishing the threat of communism by helping
countries prosper under capitalism

7. • From 1952 to 1961, programs supporting
technical assistance and capital projects
continued as the primary form of U.S. aid, and
were a key component of U.S. foreign policy.
• During this time, government leaders established
various precursor organizations to USAID,
including the:
– Mutual Security Agency
– Foreign Operations Administration
– International Cooperation Administration

8. International Aid in the 1960s: An Agency is
Born
• In 1961, President Kennedy signed the Foreign
Assistance Act into law and created USAID by
executive order.
• Once USAID got to work, international
development assistance opportunities grew
tremendously. The time during the Kennedy and
Johnson administrations became known as the
“decade of development.”

9. International Aid in the 1970s: A Shift to Basic
Human Needs.
• In the 1970s, the USAID began to shift its focus away
from technical and capital assistance programs.
Instead, U.S. development assistance stressed a
“basic human needs” approach, which focused on:
– Food and nutrition
– Population planning
– Health
– Education
– Human resources development

10. International Aid in the 1980s: A Turn to Free Markets
• In the 1980s, foreign assistance sought to stabilize
currencies and financial systems.
• It also promoted market-based principles to
restructure developing countries' policies and
institutions.
• During this decade, USAID reaffirmed its
commitment to broad-based economic growth,
emphasizing employment and income opportunities
through a revitalization of agriculture and expansion
of domestic markets.

11. • In this decade, development activities were
increasingly channeled through private voluntary
organizations (PVOs), and aid shifted from individual
projects to large programs.

12. International Aid in the 1990s: Sustainability and
Democracy
• In the 1990s, USAID’s top priority became
sustainable development, or helping countries
improve their own quality of life. During this decade,
USAID tailored development assistance programs to
a country's economic condition, which meant that:
– Developing countries received an integrated
package of assistance

13. – Transitional countries received help in times of
crisis
– Countries with limited USAID presence received
support through nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs)

14. International Aid in the 2000s: War and Rebuilding
• The 2000s, brought more evolution for USAID and
foreign assistance with government officials once
again calling for reform of how the agency conducts
business.
• With the Afghanistan and Iraq wars in full swing,
USAID was called on to help those two countries
rebuild government, infrastructure, civil society and
basic services such as health care and education.

15. • The Agency began rebuilding with an eye to getting
the most bang out of its funding allocations. It also
began an aggressive campaign to reach out to new
partner organizations
– including the private sector and foundations to
extend the reach of foreign assistance.

16. Today
• USAID staff work in more than 100 countries around
the world with the same overarching goals that
President Kennedy outlined 50 years ago,
– furthering America's foreign policy interests in
expanding democracy and free markets while also
extending a helping hand to people struggling to
make a better life, recover from a disaster or striving
to live in a free and democratic country. It is this
caring that stands as a hallmark of the United States
around the world.

17. MISSION AND VALUES
• Mission:
– On behalf of the American people, we promote
and demonstrate democratic values abroad, and
advance a free, peaceful, and prosperous world.
• Values
– We come to work to foster sustainable
development and advance human dignity globally.
-Excellence -Integrity
-Respect -Empowerment
-Inclusion

18. Objective
• Our objective is to support partners to become self-
reliant and capable of leading their own development
journeys.
• To help reducing the reach of conflict,
• To prevent the spread of pandemic disease,
• To help counteracting the drivers of violence,
instability, transnational crime and other security
threats.
• To stand with people when disaster strikes or crisis
emerges as the world leader in humanitarian
assistance.
• To open new markets and generates opportunity for
trade

19. USAID Works Areas
1. Agriculture and food security
– agricultural research to develop stronger seeds
and greener fertilizers.
2. Democracy, human rights and governance.
– The Disability Rights and Inclusive Development
program,
3. Economic growth and trade.
– improving infrastructure like roads, bridges, water
supply and electrical grids,

20. • Education.
– Expand access to quality basic education for all,
particularly marginalized and vulnerable
populations.
• Environment and global climate change.
– Fighting deforestation and planting trees, improve
agricultural productivity, Protecting biodiversity.
• Gender equality and women's empowerment.
– Access to education, healthcare, and technology to
girls . Their equal rights and equal opportunities as
breadwinners, peace-builders and leaders.

21. Where USAID work.
• Afghanistan
• Pakistan
• Africa
• Europe
• eurasia
• Latin america and the caribbean
• Middle east asia

22. BUREAU FOR ASIA
• USAID operates 11 bilateral missions in Asia:
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia,
Kyrgyz Republic, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Timor-
Leste and Vietnam.
• USAID also operates three regional missions in Asia:
– the Regional Development Mission for Asia in
Bangkok, Thailand, which manages regional
programming and development programs in
countries without missions;

23. – the Pacific Islands Regional Office located in
Papua New Guinea, which covers 12 countries in
the Pacific and is managed by the Philippines’
Mission; and
– the Central Asia Regional office based in
Kazakhstan, which oversees development
programs in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
and Uzbekistan

24. Work activities in Asian
countries.
• USAID has assisted in rewriting over 180
commercial laws and regulations, contributing
to a significant improvement in the country’s
competitiveness ranking from 82 in 2017 to 68
in the World Bank’s Doing Business
2018 report.
• USAID is working in Sri Lanka to limit
opportunities for corruption by strengthening
transparency and oversight of public funds.

25. • We hosted a trade show in September 2018
with the governments of India and
Afghanistan that resulted in over 166
confirmed deals and more than 600 signed
memorandums of understanding.
• USAID plays a leading role in driving efforts to
strengthen and connect the power grids in
hydropower-rich Tajikistan.

26. USAID/ NEPAL - HISTORY
• The relationship between the
United States and Nepal
started with an assistance
agreement signed on January
23, 1951.
• Working together with the
Government of Nepal, USAID
has contributed to some of
Nepal’s most dramatic and
remarkable development
successes,
-laying Nepal’s first roads;
- installing its first telephone
exchange;

27. - practically eliminating malaria
from the Terai region;
-enabling agriculture to flourish in
this once uninhabitable region of
the country;
-increasing literacy rates;
drastically reducing child
mortality;
-and facilitating peace and
democracy in the later decades.
-USAID’s mission in Nepal has built
on these successes and continues to
support Nepal’s efforts to become
peaceful, prosperous, and
democratic.

28. • The overarching goal of USAID’s Country
Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) over the
next five years is to foster “a more democratic,
prosperous, and resilient Nepal.”

29. GoN signed Bilateral Strategic Objective(SO) Agreement
with USAID for 5 years in Sept. 1997(1997-2002).
The programme included activities not only with the
MoH but also with MOPE and the NGOs and private
sectors.
The SO focused on major 4 sectors including:
1.Maternal and child health
2.Family planning
3.Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS/STDS
4.Water sanitation and hygiene program.

31. 1. Maternal and child health
• SUAAHARA II Program
– Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutritio (MIYCN)
– Support to strengthen nutrition related indicators
and records, reporting:
– IMNCI Program Scale Up and Follow up:
– Planning with VDC level Nutrition and Food
– Security Steering committees
In particular, the program will address anemia, RH,
social attitudes towards delayed marriage &
pregnancy, and health service utilization
strengthen growth monitoring and promotion at
outreach clinics and health facilities

32. 2.Family planning
• Support for International Health and Family
Planning organizations(SIFPO)
– Competency-based training to government health
workers on IUCD, implant, non scalpel vasectomy
and minilab including counselling training.
– Mobile outreach camps including post partum Fp
through static, satellite, outreach clinics and
health facilities.
– Post training follow up , coaching and mentoring.

33. 3.Prevention & control of HIV/STDS
• FHI 360
– works to improve in sustainable ways the lives of
the country’s key populations.
– HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI)
prevention education, referral and follow-up, and
condom promotion and distribution
– HIV testing and counseling (HTC)services
– STI examination and treatment services
– Referral to and linkages with antiretroviral
therapy (ART) services
– Stigma and discrimination reduction

34. 4.Water sanitation & hygiene program.
• (SAFE-WASH) II
– improve sanitation status and hygiene behavior.
– enhance access to and the quality of water
– empower local women and socially excluded
groups to stand against chaupadi pratha.
– Chaupadi reduction and other hygiene
improvement activities.
– improve open defecation-free status,
– enhance the ability of local government to
supervise and support community-level activities.
– promote gender equality

35. General areas of activities in Nepal
1. Agriculture and food security
2. Democracy, human rights, and governance
3. Earthquake reconstruction and disaster
resilience
4. Economic growth and trade
5. Education
6. Environment and global climate change

36. USAID
• USAID Administrator
– Mark Green
– He was sworn in as the 18th Admin.
• Usaid administrator mark green's meeting
with nepal finance minister dr. Yuba raj
khatiwada. Thursday, august 9, 2018.
• Deputy administrator
-Bonnie Glick

37. THANK YOU