3. problem of periodization
• any dividing line is fundamentally arbitrary
• any way of dividing up historical periods has advantages
and disadvantages
• "modern": when does it begin? when does it end?
4. early modern
Renaissance: rediscovery of ancient texts and statues.
Classical revival. The church is challenged.
Printing press opens the age of mass media, rise in
literacy, Reformation, rise of individualism.
Improvements in navigation, invention of longitude,
globalization, colonization.
Intensification of trade, banking, capitalism.
8. 1968
why '68?
Tet Offensive in Vietnam War
international unrest and protest: Paris, Mexico City,
Prague
assassinations of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr and Robert
Fitzgerald Kennedy
Apollo 8 to moon and back
10. 1959
• Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (founded
in 1928)
• CIAM 1959 was the last congress
• "The present is a moment of crisis, not any longer
because we need modern architecture, but because we
have got it." —J.M. Richards, "The Next Step,?"
Architectural Review 107 (March 1950).
• also: Sputnik, birth control, desegregation, IBM
11. post? late? modern
ongoing globalization
intensification of media
intensification of capitalism
economy of services and signs added to economy of
things
societies of control
12. "The term 'modern architecture' ...can be understood to refer
to all buildings of the modern period regardless of their
ideological basis, or it can be understood more specifically as
an architecture conscious of its own modernity and striving
for change....Already in the early 19th century, there was wide
dissatisfaction with eclecticism among architects, historians,
and critics. This well-documented attitude justifies a history of
modern architecture concerned primarily with reformist,
'avant-garde' tendencies, rather than one that attempts to
deal with the whole of architectural production as if it
operated within a non-ideological, neutral field."
—Alan Colquhoun, Modern
Architecture, p.9
13. eclectic (dictionary
definition)
eclectic late 17th century (as a term in philosophy): from
Greek eklektikos, from eklegein 'pick out', from ek 'out' +
legein 'choose'.
In art history: Johann Joachim Winckelmann (German art
historian and archaeologist), used this word to describe the
Carracci, who created paintings combining classical tradition
with the elements of Renaissance.
In architecture: deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad
and diverse range of sources.
14. Raphael MENGS, Portrait of Johann
Jacob WINCKELMANN, after 1755
Winckelmann used the term
"eclectic" as an insult for a
particular type of Bolognese
painting he disliked.
16. Strawberry Hill
in Twickenham,
London
Horace Walpole
Rebuilt the existing
house in stages starting
in 1749, 1760, 1772 and
1776.
Sparked "Gothic
Revival," one of many
stylistic revivals through
the course of the next
century.
23. Schinkel, Neue Wache (New Guardhouse), 1818, in Berlin, Germany
Neoclassicism was another popular style at the tim
24. Schinkel was also capable of building in the neoGothic style, as evidence by this church in
the Friedrichswerder Church, built between 1824 and 1831,
25. Karl Friedrich SCHINKEL, Bauakademie, Berlin,paintedby Eduard Gaertner, 1
The simplified facade that Schinkel designed for this building has been seen a
forerunner of architectural modernism.
26. Aerial view of the Lustgarten (pleasure garden) in Berlin, with the Altes Museum on the
27. Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Altes Museum (Old Museum), Berlin, 1830.
A severe and uncompromising neoClassicism.
36. English architect Sir David Chipperfield won an international competition to renovate Mies
Chipperfield mounted an exhibition of 144 tree trunks, installed in relationship to
the ceiling grid.
37. Entitled "Sticks and Stones, an Intervention," the exhibition ran for a few months at the e
2014, before the museum closed for the renovation.
38. The renovation began in
2015
and is supposed to be
complete
in 2019.
MORE CHIPPERFIELD:
http://www.davidchipperfield.
co.uk/projects/