Digital transformation: New purpose for enterprise architecture

2. About Jason Bloomberg • President of Intellyx • Advise companies on their digital transformation initiatives & help vendors communicate their agility stories • Write for Forbes and Wired on Digital Transformation • Buy my latest book, The Agile Architecture Revolution Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC2

4. What is Digital? Customer preferences & behavior drive technology choices Range of technology touchpoints is exploding Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC4 PhotoCredit:RevolWebhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/revolweb/

5. What about Transformation? Internal organizational change is necessary to maintain focus on the customer in today’s digital world Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC5 PhotoCredit:Pascalhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/pasukaru76/

6. What is Digital Transformation? • Customer pressures driving technological and organizational change in companies • Enterprises rethinking: – How they serve customers – The role IT plays – How they build & manage teams – How they innovate Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC6 PhotoCredit:LouisK.https://www.flickr.com/photos/bonaparty/

7. The Organizational Challenge • Every line of business, department, functional area has its own requirements, its own way of doing things • Must invest in specialized components for narrow purposes • IT must integrate everything, increasing cost, complexity, & brittleness Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC7 PhotoCredit:DocSearls,https://www.flickr.com/photos/docsearls/5500118475/sizes/o/

8. Silos on Top of Silos • Organizational silos – Lines of business, departments, geographic locations, etc. • Application silos – COTS apps / bespoke apps for different departments • Infrastructure silos – Varied data centers & rooms, heterogeneous platforms, & Cloud! Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC8 PhotoCredit:CalDellingerhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/cstreetus/3381285199/sizes/o/

10. The End-to-End Digital Challenge • Digital technology begins at the customer touchpoint • Web & mobile apps include numerous third-party services – Generally run in cloud • Apps connect to back end databases & systems of record – In cloud & on premise Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC10 PhotoCredit:RobertClemenshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/robert_clemens/

11. Democratization of Technology • People at work have same preferences & behaviors as when they’re at home • Drives BYOD (Bring- Your-Own-Device) • Millennials require consumer-centric tech Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC11 App Store Model for Enterprise Software PhotoCredit:RobBoudonhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/robboudon/

12. Shifting the Center of Gravity Center of gravity is the IT infrastructure Center of gravity is the customer Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC12 PhotoCredit:seanfonellihttps://www.flickr.com/photos/seanoneill/ The Cloud World The Digital World

13. What is Agile? Organizations must capitalize on disruption to achieve greater innovativeness and resilience in the face of digital transformation priorities Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC13 PhotoCredit:WalterLimhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/coolinsights/

14. Different Meanings of “Agile” • “Agile-with-a-capital-A” – Software development that follows the Agile Manifesto • General meaning of “agile” – Business agility as property of an organization Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC14

15. Business Agility • Responsiveness – Tactical value • Resilience – Risk mitigation • Innovativeness – Strategic value Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC15 PhotoCredit:MasoniteBurnhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/masonite-burn/6273626739/sizes/l Ability to respond to change in the business environment and leverage change for competitive advantage

16. Limitations to Business Agility • IT as the “bad guy” • EA buried in the IT department • Ivory tower architecture • Silo mentality – Not invented here – Can’t wait for IT – BYOD to BYO-everything • No Agile Architecture Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC16 PhotoCredit:HarrisWalkerhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/harriswalkerphotography/3340161598/sizes/l

17. Why Agile Software Architecture isn’t Agile • Agile movement focuses on working software – Focus on getting the software to meet its requirements – Get all roadblocks out of the way • Agile-built software is coded to be fit for purpose Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC17 PhotoCredit:B4beeshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/brizo_the_scot/4013939756/sizes/l

18. The Goal of Agile Software • Requirement to build software that responds to changing requirements • Inherent flexibility vs. rapid development & deployment Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC18 PhotoCredit:RobertCouse-Bakerhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/29233640@N07/14859431605/sizes/z/

19. Extending the Agile Manifesto • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools – As a system of people & technology, the enterprise is more about people • Working software over comprehensive documentation – Technology must actually work to enable agility • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation – Slice across the silos • Responding to change over following a plan – Architect for change Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC19 PhotoCredit:MaryMargrethttps://www.flickr.com/photos/double-m2/4384578534/sizes/l

20. Scaling Agile for the Enterprise • Enterprise Architecture context – Organization, process, technology, and information • Legacy context – Existing applications, middleware, systems of record • Business focused, iterative, get stuff to work, iconoclastic Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC20 PhotoCredit:BostonPublicLibraryhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/8962106164/sizes/l

21. Agile EA & Architecture Frameworks • Architecture frameworks (TOGAF, Zachman, DoDAF, etc.) do not adequately address business agility – Difficult to use properly – Can help achieve baseline or specific business outcomes Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC21 PhotoCredit:StephanieOvertonhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/sloverton/7303570930/sizes/l

22. Some of Today’s EA Challenges • Buried in the IT department • Insufficient connection to business • Too focused on artifacts & documentation • Digital leadership unclear of EA role Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC22 PhotoCredit:JeffreyBeallhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/denverjeffrey/

23. What about Agility? • Business agility is a metarequirement • Requirement that requirement change must be supported Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC23 PhotoCredit:THORhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/geishaboy500/ Requirement: Make the Organization More Agile

24. “Meta” Thinking • Remember, we’re architecting for change • Agile architect doesn’t think about the thing, but about how it changes • Metaprocesses – Processes for creating, managing, changing processes • Metapolicies – Policies for creating, managing, changing policies – In other words, policies for how to do governance Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC24 PhotoCredit:SkaraCommunhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/63794459@N07/6189381851/sizes/l

25. Change at the Meta Level • In fact, your entire architecture subject to change • We need a meta- architecture: an architecture for building inherently dynamic architectures • The key to thinking like an Agile Architect! Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC25 PhotoCredit:UKMinistryofDefencehttps://www.flickr.com/photos/defenceimages/

26. Understanding the Business Agility Driver • Architects must recognize and identify agility drivers • Stakeholders may or may not identify drivers as such • Business drivers always connect to bottom line (and mission priority in public sector) Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC26 PhotoCredit:WestVancouverArchiveshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/westvanarchives/7153091139/sizes/o/

27. Architecting Human- Technology Systems • Architecting technology isn’t enough • You have to architect the people as well • Organizational and process layers rightfully part of EA • Business architecture also focuses on human behavior Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC27 PhotoCredit:JaviMhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/84578994@N07/

28. Architecting People? • Governance: creating, communicating, and enforcing policies – Apply to both human & technology behavior – Policy-related processes • Automated & lightweight • Focus on important policies – Security – Regulatory compliance – Software interface standards Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC28 Not a traditional approach to governance! PhotoCredit:DaveCatchpolehttps://www.flickr.com/photos/yaketyyakyak/5913250849/sizes/l

29. The Center of Digital Excellence • EA-centric team responsible for end- to-end best practice across digital effort • De-emphasize “architecture” title • How about Director of Digital Excellence? Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC29 PhotoCredit:SonnyAbesamishttps://www.flickr.com/photos/enerva/ Let CODE self-organize

30. New Role for Enterprise Architects • Leverage data to properly balance optimization and disruption • Essential for achieving market- leading levels of innovation Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC30 PhotoCredit:JamesJordanhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/jamesjordan/

31. Where’s Our Business Agility? • Organizations must be responsive, resilient, and innovative • Business agility is a property of the enterprise • People and technology can be flexible as well, but we must architect our organizations to be agile Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC31 PhotoCredit:StuartBerwickhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/lapleader/793507962/sizes/l

32. At the Heart of Agile Architecture • Think of the enterprise as a system of systems – Component systems are people and technology systems • We must architect the organization so entire enterprise exhibits business agility • We can only engineer business agility via its component systems • Change is constant & how changes to component systems affect the enterprise is unpredictable Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC32 PhotoCredit:nickodohertyhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/nick-od/9151191333/sizes/l

33. Continuous Business Transformation • With Agile EA there is no to- be architecture – Not in the physical sense • Instead, the focus of the architecture is expecting and supporting ongoing change by specifying technology that is inherently flexible • Architects must begin at the Meta layer Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC33 PhotoCredit:ShawnCarpenterhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/spcbrass/4388396268/sizes/l

34. There is no Shortcut! Remember, Digital Transformation isn’t about the Digital, it’s about the Transformation! Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC34 PhotoCredit:JosephBremsonhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/excitingsounds/9908052865/sizes/l