Puppet for dummies - ZendCon 2011 Edition

1. Puppet for Dummies ZendCon - October 2011 Santa Clara - United Stateshttp://joind.in/3781

2. Who am I? Joshua Thijssen Senior Software Engineer @ Enrise (Netherlands) Development in PHP, Python, Perl, C, Java, and System & DB admin. Blog: http://adayinthelifeof.nl Email: joshua@enrise.com Twitter: @jaytaphhttp://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/akrabat/5422369749/in/photostream/

3. Joind.in‣ http://joind.in/3781

4. The question of the day

5. The question of the day What is puppet and why should I care?

6. Why should I care? “People are ﬁnally ﬁguring out puppet and how it gets you to the pub by 4pm. Note that I’ve been at this pub since 2pm.” - Jorge Castro

7. Why should I care (really)?

8. What is puppet? Puppet is a (not necessarily the) solution for the following problem: How do we setup, manage, synchronize, and upgrade our internal and external infrastructure?

9. But isn’t that a sysadmin problem? Sysadmin! Y U no ﬁx problem!

10. But isn’t that a sysadmin problem? Sysadmin! Y U no ﬁx problem! NO

11. What is puppet? LAMP-stack

12. What is puppet? Linux PHP LAMP-stack Apache MySQL

13. What is puppet? LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack

14. What is puppet?Hadoop MongoDB ActiveMQ Gearman Linux VarnishTika PHP LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack Solr Apache Ngnix CouchDBRedis Memcache MySQL

15. How do we manage our infrastructure?

16. How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t,

17. How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t, ‣ Solution 2: We outsource,

18. How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t, ‣ Solution 2: We outsource, ‣ Solution 3: We automate the process.

19. How do we manage our infrastructure? (1)‣ Solution 1: we don’t

20. How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you ﬁnd it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies.‣ Solution 1: we don’t

21. How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you ﬁnd it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin.‣ Solution 1: we don’t

22. How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you ﬁnd it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ‣ We only act on escalation‣ Solution 1: we don’t

23. How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you ﬁnd it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ‣ We only act on escalation ‣ reactive, not proactive‣ Solution 1: we don’t

24. How do we manage our infrastructure? (2)‣ Solution 2: we outsource

25. How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s.‣ Solution 2: we outsource

26. How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure?‣ Solution 2: we outsource

27. How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure? ‣ Fight between stability and agility.‣ Solution 2: we outsource

28. How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure? ‣ Fight between stability and agility. ‣ Does your hosting company decide on whether you can use PHP5.3???‣ Solution 2: we outsource

29. How do we manage our infrastructure? (3)‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

30. How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

31. How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

32. How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like ‣ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

33. How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like ‣ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet. ‣ When done right, maintenance should not be difficult.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

34. What is puppet?‣ PUPPET TO THE RESCUE

35. What is puppet? ‣ Open source conﬁguration management tool. ‣ Written in Ruby ‣ Open source: https://github.com/puppetlabs ‣ Commercial version available (puppet enterprise)

36. What is puppet? ¹ ‣ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ‣ Tell WHAT to do.¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now...

37. What is puppet? “yum install httpd” “apt-get install apache2” ¹ ‣ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ‣ Tell WHAT to do. “install and run the apache webserver”¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now...

38. Architectural overview

39. Architectural overview Puppet

40. Architectural overview Puppet Puppet CA Master https Puppet Agent

41. Architectural overview Puppet Puppet CA Master https Puppet Puppet Puppet Agent Agent Agent

42. How does it work Puppet Puppet master client

43. How does it work Check credentials Puppet Puppet master client

44. How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master client

45. How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master Returns “catalog” client

46. How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master Returns “catalog” client Report results

47. Puppet manifests ‣ Manifests are puppet deﬁnitions ‣ <ﬁlename>.pp ‣ Puppet DSL ‣ De-cla-ra-tive language ‣ Version your manifests! (git/svn)

48. Puppet manifests package { “strace” : ensure => present, } file { “/home/jaytaph/secret-ingredient.txt” : ensure => present, mode => 0600, user => ‘jaytaph’, group => ‘noxlogic’, source => “puppet:///secret.txt”, }

49. Puppet manifests package { “httpd” : ensure => present, } service { “httpd”: running => true, enable => true, require => Package[“httpd”], }‣ Spot the problem....

50. Puppet manifests Centos / Redhat service: httpd package: httpd conﬁg: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf Debian / Ubuntu service: apache2 package: apache2 conﬁg: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/apache2/sites-available‣ Different distributions, different names

51. Puppet manifests package { “webserver”: case $operatingsystem { centos, redhat { $apache = “httpd” } debian, ubuntu { $apache = “apache2” } default : { fail(‘I don’t know this OS/distro’) } } name => $apache, ensure => installed, }‣ $operatingsystem is a FACT

52. Facter[root@puppetnode1 ~]# facter --puppetarchitecture => x86_64fqdn => puppetnode1.noxlogic.localinterfaces => eth1,eth2,loipaddress_eth1 => 192.168.1.114ipaddress_eth2 => 192.168.56.200kernel => Linuxkernelmajversion => 2.6operatingsystem => CentOSoperatingsystemrelease => 6.0processor0 => Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHzpuppetversion => 2.6.9‣ A simple list with info (also useable in your own tools)

53. Puppet manifests /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp: node default { $def_packages = [ “mc”, “strace”, “sysstat” ] package { $def_packages : ensure => latest, } }‣ “Main” manifest

54. Puppet manifests node /^webd+.example.local$/ { package { “httpd” : ensure => latest, } } node /^dbd+.example.local$/ { package { “mysql-server” : ensure => installed, } }‣ Deﬁning nodes - regular expressions

55. Puppet manifests node basenode { user { “jaytaph” : ensure => present, gid => 1000, uid => 1000, home => “/home/jaytaph”, shell => “/bin/sh”, password => “supersecrethashedpassword”, managehome => true, } } node /^.+.example.local/ inherits basenode { ... }‣ Node inheritance

56. Puppet manifests‣ Group together into a class

57. Puppet manifests class webserver { service { “apache”: ensure => running, require => Package[“apache”], } package { “apache” : ensure => installed, } }‣ Group together into a class

58. Puppet manifests class webserver { service { “apache”: ensure => running, require => Package[“apache”], } package { “apache” : ensure => installed, } file { “vhost_${webserver_name}” : path => “/etc/httpd/conf/10-vhost.conf”, content => template(“vhost.template.erb”), notify => Service[“httpd”], } }‣ Group together into a class

59. Puppet manifests vhost.template.erb <virtualHost <%= ipaddress %>:80> ServerName <%= webserver_name %> ServerAlias <%= webserver_alias %> DocumentRoot <%= webserver_docroot %> </virtualHost>‣ ERB Templates can use custom variables and facts

60. Puppet manifests node “web01.example.local” inherits base { $webserver_name = “web01.example.local” $webserver_alias = “www.example.local” $webserver_docroot = “/var/www/web01” import webserver } node “web02.example.local” inherits base { $webserver_name = “web02.example.local” $webserver_alias = “crm.example.local” $webserver_docroot = “/var/www/web02” import webserver }

61. Puppet modules ‣ A puppet module is a collection of resources, classes, templates. ‣ Used for easy distribution and code-reuse. ‣ Self-contained, run out-of-the-box

62. Puppet modules ‣ puppetforge / github ‣ Create your own (and share!). ‣ Use the ones from puppet enterprise edition. ‣ Use the standard layout / best practices

63. Puppet modules class ntp::install { package{"ntpd": ensure => latest } } class ntp::config { File{ require => Class["ntp::install"], notify => Class["ntp::service"], owner => "root", group => "root", mode => 644 } file{"/etc/ntp.conf": source => "puppet:///ntp/ntp.conf"; "/etc/ntp/step-tickers": source => "puppet:///ntp/step-tickers"; } } class ntp::service { service{"ntp": ensure => running, enable => true, require => Class["ntp::config"], } } class ntp { include ntp::install, ntp::config, ntp::service }

64. Test your modules ‣ (Unit)test your modules ‣ Test them with: puppet apply --noop ‣ More advanced testing: cucumber / cucumber-puppet (BDD)

65. What can puppet manage ‣ Almost everything. ‣ standard 48 different resource types ‣ Ranging from “ﬁle” to “cron” to “ssh_key” to “user” to “selinux”. ‣ Can control your Cisco routers and windows machines too (sortakinda)‣ http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/type.html

66. Confusing puppet things

67. Confusing puppet things ‣ Puppet went from v0.25 to v2.6. ‣ REST interface since 2.6. XMLRPC before that. ‣ One binary to rule them all (puppet). ‣ Puppet v2.7 switched from GPLv2 to apache2.0 license.

68. Confusing puppet things ‣ --test does not mean dry-run! (--noop does). ‣ It’s not object oriented. (puppet class != php class) ‣ It’s a declarative language.

69. Puppet dashboardshttp://media.techtarget.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/puppetDashboard.gif

70. Puppet dashboardshttp://media.techtarget.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/puppetDashboard.gif

71. Live demo | MCollective?

72. MCollective‣ Puppet agent “calls” the master every 30 minutes.‣ But what about realtime command & control?‣ “Puppet kick”... (meh)‣ MCollective (Marionette Collective)

73. MCollective ‣ Which systems running a database and have 16GB or less? ‣ Which systems are using <50% of available memory? ‣ Restart all apache services in timezone GMT+5.‣ How do we handle large number of nodes?

74. MCollective Client Middleware Node MCollective Server MCollective Client ACTIVEMQ Server MCollective Server Collective‣ Middleware takes care of distribution,‣ queued, broadcast etc..

75. MCollective ‣ The collectivehttp://docs.puppetlabs.com/mcollective/reference/basic/subcollectives.html

76. MCollective$ mc-facts operatingsystemReport for fact: operatingsystem CentOS found 3 times Debian found 14 times Solaris found 4 times$ mc-facts -W operatingsystem=Centos operatingsystemreleaseReport for fact: operatingsystemrelease 6.0 found 1 times 5.6 found 2 times‣ Filter out nodes based on facts

77. MCollective - cool stuff ‣ Display all running processes ‣ Run or deploy software ‣ Restart services ‣ Start puppet agent ‣ Upgrade your systems

78. Recap -ETOOMUCHINFO Let’s recap

79. Recap (1) ‣ Conﬁguration management tool. ‣ Focusses on “what” instead of “how”. ‣ Scales from 1 to 100K+ systems. ‣ Uses descriptive manifests.

80. Recap (2) ‣ Useful for sysadmins and developers. ‣ Keeps your infrastructure in sync. ‣ Keeps your infrastructure versioned. ‣ MCollective controls your hosts based on facts, not names.

81. Any questions?http://farm1.static.ﬂickr.com/73/163450213_18478d3aa6_d.jpg

82. to remove this comic sans font, please rate my talk on: http://joind.in/3781