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Puppet for Dummies ZendCon - October 2011 Santa Clara - United Stateshttp://joind.in/3781

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Who am I? Joshua Thijssen Senior Software Engineer @ Enrise (Netherlands) Development in PHP, Python, Perl, C, Java, and System & DB admin. Blog: http://adayinthelifeof.nl Email: joshua@enrise.com Twitter: @jaytaphhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/akrabat/5422369749/in/photostream/

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Joind.in‣ http://joind.in/3781

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The question of the day

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The question of the day What is puppet and why should I care?

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Why should I care? “People are finally figuring out puppet and how it gets you to the pub by 4pm. Note that I’ve been at this pub since 2pm.” - Jorge Castro

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Why should I care (really)?

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What is puppet? Puppet is a (not necessarily the) solution for the following problem: How do we setup, manage, synchronize, and upgrade our internal and external infrastructure?

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But isn’t that a sysadmin problem? Sysadmin! Y U no fix problem!

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But isn’t that a sysadmin problem? Sysadmin! Y U no fix problem! NO

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What is puppet? LAMP-stack

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What is puppet? Linux PHP LAMP-stack Apache MySQL

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What is puppet? LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack

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What is puppet?Hadoop MongoDB ActiveMQ Gearman Linux VarnishTika PHP LAMPGMVNMCSTRAH-stack Solr Apache Ngnix CouchDBRedis Memcache MySQL

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How do we manage our infrastructure?

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How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t,

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How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t, ‣ Solution 2: We outsource,

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How do we manage our infrastructure? ‣ Solution 1: We don’t, ‣ Solution 2: We outsource, ‣ Solution 3: We automate the process.

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (1)‣ Solution 1: we don’t

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you find it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies.‣ Solution 1: we don’t

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you find it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin.‣ Solution 1: we don’t

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you find it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ‣ We only act on escalation‣ Solution 1: we don’t

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (1) ‣ It’s not funny: you find it more often than not. Especially inside small development companies. ‣ Internal sysadmin, but he’s too busy with development to do sysadmin. ‣ We only act on escalation ‣ reactive, not proactive‣ Solution 1: we don’t

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (2)‣ Solution 2: we outsource

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s.‣ Solution 2: we outsource

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure?‣ Solution 2: we outsource

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure? ‣ Fight between stability and agility.‣ Solution 2: we outsource

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (2) ‣ Expensive $LA’s. ‣ What about INTERNAL servers like your development systems and infrastructure? ‣ Fight between stability and agility. ‣ Does your hosting company decide on whether you can use PHP5.3???‣ Solution 2: we outsource

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (3)‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like ‣ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

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How do we manage our infrastructure? (3) ‣ We are in charge. ‣ You can do what you like ‣ Use: cfEngine, chef, puppet. ‣ When done right, maintenance should not be difficult.‣ Solution 3: we do it ourselves and automate

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What is puppet?‣ PUPPET TO THE RESCUE

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What is puppet? ‣ Open source configuration management tool. ‣ Written in Ruby ‣ Open source: https://github.com/puppetlabs ‣ Commercial version available (puppet enterprise)

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What is puppet? ¹ ‣ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ‣ Tell WHAT to do.¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now...

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What is puppet? “yum install httpd” “apt-get install apache2” ¹ ‣ Don’t tell HOW to do stuff. ‣ Tell WHAT to do. “install and run the apache webserver”¹ It’s not actually true, but good enough for now...

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Architectural overview

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Architectural overview Puppet

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Architectural overview Puppet Puppet CA Master https Puppet Agent

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Architectural overview Puppet Puppet CA Master https Puppet Puppet Puppet Agent Agent Agent

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How does it work Puppet Puppet master client

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How does it work Check credentials Puppet Puppet master client

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How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master client

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How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master Returns “catalog” client

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How does it work Check credentials Puppet Send facts Puppet master Returns “catalog” client Report results

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Puppet manifests ‣ Manifests are puppet definitions ‣ <filename>.pp ‣ Puppet DSL ‣ De-cla-ra-tive language ‣ Version your manifests! (git/svn)

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Puppet manifests package { “strace” : ensure => present, } file { “/home/jaytaph/secret-ingredient.txt” : ensure => present, mode => 0600, user => ‘jaytaph’, group => ‘noxlogic’, source => “puppet:///secret.txt”, }

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Puppet manifests package { “httpd” : ensure => present, } service { “httpd”: running => true, enable => true, require => Package[“httpd”], }‣ Spot the problem....

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Puppet manifests Centos / Redhat service: httpd package: httpd config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf Debian / Ubuntu service: apache2 package: apache2 config: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf vhosts: /etc/apache2/sites-available‣ Different distributions, different names

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Puppet manifests package { “webserver”: case $operatingsystem { centos, redhat { $apache = “httpd” } debian, ubuntu { $apache = “apache2” } default : { fail(‘I don’t know this OS/distro’) } } name => $apache, ensure => installed, }‣ $operatingsystem is a FACT

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Facter[root@puppetnode1 ~]# facter --puppetarchitecture => x86_64fqdn => puppetnode1.noxlogic.localinterfaces => eth1,eth2,loipaddress_eth1 => 192.168.1.114ipaddress_eth2 => 192.168.56.200kernel => Linuxkernelmajversion => 2.6operatingsystem => CentOSoperatingsystemrelease => 6.0processor0 => Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7500 @ 2.20GHzpuppetversion => 2.6.9‣ A simple list with info (also useable in your own tools)

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Puppet manifests /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp: node default { $def_packages = [ “mc”, “strace”, “sysstat” ] package { $def_packages : ensure => latest, } }‣ “Main” manifest

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Puppet manifests node /^webd+.example.local$/ { package { “httpd” : ensure => latest, } } node /^dbd+.example.local$/ { package { “mysql-server” : ensure => installed, } }‣ Defining nodes - regular expressions

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Puppet manifests node basenode { user { “jaytaph” : ensure => present, gid => 1000, uid => 1000, home => “/home/jaytaph”, shell => “/bin/sh”, password => “supersecrethashedpassword”, managehome => true, } } node /^.+.example.local/ inherits basenode { ... }‣ Node inheritance

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Puppet manifests‣ Group together into a class

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Puppet manifests class webserver { service { “apache”: ensure => running, require => Package[“apache”], } package { “apache” : ensure => installed, } }‣ Group together into a class

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Puppet manifests class webserver { service { “apache”: ensure => running, require => Package[“apache”], } package { “apache” : ensure => installed, } file { “vhost_${webserver_name}” : path => “/etc/httpd/conf/10-vhost.conf”, content => template(“vhost.template.erb”), notify => Service[“httpd”], } }‣ Group together into a class

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Puppet manifests vhost.template.erb <virtualHost <%= ipaddress %>:80> ServerName <%= webserver_name %> ServerAlias <%= webserver_alias %> DocumentRoot <%= webserver_docroot %> </virtualHost>‣ ERB Templates can use custom variables and facts

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Puppet manifests node “web01.example.local” inherits base { $webserver_name = “web01.example.local” $webserver_alias = “www.example.local” $webserver_docroot = “/var/www/web01” import webserver } node “web02.example.local” inherits base { $webserver_name = “web02.example.local” $webserver_alias = “crm.example.local” $webserver_docroot = “/var/www/web02” import webserver }

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Puppet modules ‣ A puppet module is a collection of resources, classes, templates. ‣ Used for easy distribution and code-reuse. ‣ Self-contained, run out-of-the-box

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Puppet modules ‣ puppetforge / github ‣ Create your own (and share!). ‣ Use the ones from puppet enterprise edition. ‣ Use the standard layout / best practices

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Puppet modules class ntp::install { package{"ntpd": ensure => latest } } class ntp::config { File{ require => Class["ntp::install"], notify => Class["ntp::service"], owner => "root", group => "root", mode => 644 } file{"/etc/ntp.conf": source => "puppet:///ntp/ntp.conf"; "/etc/ntp/step-tickers": source => "puppet:///ntp/step-tickers"; } } class ntp::service { service{"ntp": ensure => running, enable => true, require => Class["ntp::config"], } } class ntp { include ntp::install, ntp::config, ntp::service }

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Test your modules ‣ (Unit)test your modules ‣ Test them with: puppet apply --noop ‣ More advanced testing: cucumber / cucumber-puppet (BDD)

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What can puppet manage ‣ Almost everything. ‣ standard 48 different resource types ‣ Ranging from “file” to “cron” to “ssh_key” to “user” to “selinux”. ‣ Can control your Cisco routers and windows machines too (sortakinda)‣ http://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/stable/type.html

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Confusing puppet things

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Confusing puppet things ‣ Puppet went from v0.25 to v2.6. ‣ REST interface since 2.6. XMLRPC before that. ‣ One binary to rule them all (puppet). ‣ Puppet v2.7 switched from GPLv2 to apache2.0 license.

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Confusing puppet things ‣ --test does not mean dry-run! (--noop does). ‣ It’s not object oriented. (puppet class != php class) ‣ It’s a declarative language.

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Puppet dashboardshttp://media.techtarget.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/puppetDashboard.gif

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Puppet dashboardshttp://media.techtarget.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/puppetDashboard.gif

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Live demo | MCollective?

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MCollective‣ Puppet agent “calls” the master every 30 minutes.‣ But what about realtime command & control?‣ “Puppet kick”... (meh)‣ MCollective (Marionette Collective)

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MCollective ‣ Which systems running a database and have 16GB or less? ‣ Which systems are using <50% of available memory? ‣ Restart all apache services in timezone GMT+5.‣ How do we handle large number of nodes?

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MCollective Client Middleware Node MCollective Server MCollective Client ACTIVEMQ Server MCollective Server Collective‣ Middleware takes care of distribution,‣ queued, broadcast etc..

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MCollective ‣ The collectivehttp://docs.puppetlabs.com/mcollective/reference/basic/subcollectives.html

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MCollective$ mc-facts operatingsystemReport for fact: operatingsystem CentOS found 3 times Debian found 14 times Solaris found 4 times$ mc-facts -W operatingsystem=Centos operatingsystemreleaseReport for fact: operatingsystemrelease 6.0 found 1 times 5.6 found 2 times‣ Filter out nodes based on facts

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MCollective - cool stuff ‣ Display all running processes ‣ Run or deploy software ‣ Restart services ‣ Start puppet agent ‣ Upgrade your systems

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Recap -ETOOMUCHINFO Let’s recap

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Recap (1) ‣ Configuration management tool. ‣ Focusses on “what” instead of “how”. ‣ Scales from 1 to 100K+ systems. ‣ Uses descriptive manifests.

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Recap (2) ‣ Useful for sysadmins and developers. ‣ Keeps your infrastructure in sync. ‣ Keeps your infrastructure versioned. ‣ MCollective controls your hosts based on facts, not names.

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Any questions?http://farm1.static.flickr.com/73/163450213_18478d3aa6_d.jpg

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to remove this comic sans font, please rate my talk on: http://joind.in/3781