2. Changing focus of learning © www.zlw-ima.com 2008 In a leisurely-paced world, the past is a good guide to the future. Learning can focus on what has worked in the past. In a fast-moving world, learning must deal with issues as they come. Individuals must define their own lessons. Learning professionals must build great roads, not give directions to specific locations.

4. Push Learning to Pull Learning © www.zlw-ima.com 2008 Pull Competence Independence Learn in groups Knowledge is transitory Push Grades Obedience Learn on your own Unchanging knowledge Active learner Learner defines content Conversation & discovery Passive student Others set curriculum Courses, workshops