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Introduction to Apache AccumuloBoulder/Denver BigData Meetup - March 21,2012Jared Winick@jaredwinick

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Accumulo /əˈkjuˈmj ʊ/ ʊˈlo1. Sorted, distributed key/value store with cell-based access control and customizable server-side processing

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http://yourmotivational.com/uploads/8604.jpg

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Annotation AddedJeff Dean: Designs, Lessons and Advice from Building Large Distributed Systemshttp://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/ladis2009/talks/dean-keynote-ladis2009.pdf

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Enables interactive access to… Trillions of records petabytes of indexed data across 100s-1000s of servers

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Short Accumulo History Lesson http://www.flickr.com/photos/mr_t_in_dc/4249886990/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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2006

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2008http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/National_Security_Agency_headquarters%2C_Fort_Meade%2C_Maryland.jpg

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2011

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2012

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Uses of BigTable and Kin (BigTable) (HBase)•Google Analytics1 •Messages3,4,6•Crawl1 •Insights5,6•AppEngine Datastore2•Many more1 (Cassandra) (Accumulo) •Rainbird (realtime analytics)7 •???1.) http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf2.) http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/storage_breakdown.html3.) http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=4549916089194.) http://mvdirona.com/jrh/TalksAndPapers/KannanMuthukkaruppan_StorageInfraBehindMessages.pdf5.) http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=101501039002589206.) http://borthakur.com/ftp/SIGMODRealtimeHadoopPresentation.pdf7.) http://www.slideshare.net/kevinweil/rainbird-realtime-analytics-at-twitter-strata-2011

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Accumulo /əˈkjuˈmj ʊ/ ʊˈlo1. Sorted, distributed key/value store with cell-based access control and customizable server-side processing

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Multi-dimension Key Key Column Value Row ID Timestamp Family Qualifier Visibilityhttp://incubator.apache.org/accumulo/user_manual_1.4-incubating/Accumulo_Design.html

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Keys Sorted LexicographicallyRow ID, Column Family, Column Qualifier, Column Visibility, Timestamp Everything is a byte[] except the Timestamp which is a long

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Physical Layout Key ValueRow ID Col Fam Col Qual Col Vis Time Value Alice properties age public March 2011 31 Alice properties phone private Feb 2011 555-1234 Alice purchases Xbox public Feb 2011 $299 Bob properties phone private March 2011 555-4321 Bob purchases iPhone Public Feb 2011 $399

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Queries •By exact Key or range of Keys •Data is always returned in sorted orderQuery Requirements Drive Data Model Design

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http://incubator.apache.org/accumulo/user_manual_1.4-incubating/Accumulo_Design.html

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Hadoop Clients MapReduce Read/ Analytics Write Accumulo Configuration/ Storage StateHadoop HDFS Zookeeper

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Table Tablets Accumulo… Tablet Server … … Tablet Server … ... … Tablet Server … Master Data Node Data Node ... Data Node Name Node Hadoop HDFS

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Table Tablet Server Failure Tablets 1.) Detect FailureAccumulo Tablet Server Tablet Server ... Tablet Server Master 2.) Reassign Data Node Data Node ... Data Node Name Node Hadoop HDFS

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Writes Write- Ahead Accumulo Log (WAL) Tablet Server 1 Tablet 2 MemTableClient Data Node ... Data Node Data Node Hadoop HDFS

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Writes Write- Ahead Accumulo Log (WAL) Tablet Server 1 Tablet 2 MemTableClient 3 File 1 Data Node ... Data Node Data Node Hadoop HDFS

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Compactions Minor MajorThe process of flushing The process ofa MemTable of a Tablet combining multiple filesto a single file in HDFS into a single file

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Tablet Splits• Tablets are split when they reach a max size• Always split on row boundary• Master assigns a split Tablet to another Tablet server (no data is moved!)

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Reads Accumulo Tablet Server Tablet MemTableClient File 1 File 1

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Accumulo /əˈkjuˈmj ʊ/ ʊˈlo1. Sorted, distributed key/value store with cell-based access control and customizable server-side processing

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Iterators: Server-side programminghttp://wiki.eeng.dcu.ie/ee557/287-EE/version/default/part/ImageData/data/server-side_intro.gif

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IteratorsCan be run at: Can do things like:•Scan Time •Aggregation (Combiners)•Minor Compaction •Age-Off•Major Compaction •Filtering (access control) •TransformationPush Processing to the Data

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Accumulo /əˈkjuˈmj ʊ/ ʊˈlo1. Sorted, distributed key/value store with cell-based access control and customizable server-side processing

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Access Control• Every key-value has a visibility label• Label is defined with boolean operators• Label is arbitrary and ad-hoc Public Private | Admin Finance | (HR & Manager)• Authorizations presented at scan time• Data is filtered out automatically by system- level Iterator

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Access Control – Typical Architecture Trusted Zone 6.) Return Data 5.) Return Visible Data Web Server Accumulo1.) Pass Credentials 4.) Proxy Authorization 3.) Return Authorizations 2.) Lookup User Enterprise Identity Management

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Access Control – Typical Architecture Trusted Zone Accumulo 6.) Return [6,8] 5.) Return [6,8] SECRET&PROJECT X, 6 Web Server SECRET&PROJECT Y, 8 1.) PKI Cert 4.) Proxy Bob’s Auths SECRET&PROJECT Z, 3Bob 3.) Auths:[SECRET, UNCLASSIFIED, 2.) Lookup PROJECT X, PROJECT Y] Bob Enterprise Identity Management

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Demo

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Application RequirementsBuild an application to analyze trends in Twittermessages.•Query for word/phrase and view real-time activityin a time series graph•View at different time ranges (1 day, 7 days, 30days, etc)•Allow multiple query terms to compare activity (ex.Breakfast,Lunch)•Automatically extract daily trends for the user

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Demo Setup/Data• Twitter Streaming API• US country codes only messages• 1,2,3-grams built• Data since Dec 24 – Live• Running on average workstation, 1 SATA disk, 6 GB memory.• 72GB, 2.6 billion entries and counting

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Data Model• Tweets table – Row ID: n-gram – Column Family: Date Granularity (DAY, HOUR) – Column Qual: Date Value – Value: Count – SummingCombiner (Iterator) used to update Count Row ID Col Fam Col Qual Value breakfast DAY 20120318 31 breakfast DAY 20120319 56 … … … … lunch HOUR 2012031801 3 lunch HOUR 2012031802 4

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Data Model• Trends table – Row ID: (Date Granularity + Date Value) – Column Family: (Integer.MAX_VALUE – trendScore) – Column Qual: n-gram – Value: [] Row ID Col Fam Col Qual ValueDAY:20120318 2147483145 churchDAY:20120318 2147483316 hangover … … … …DAY:20120319 2147476521 the broncosDAY:20120319 2147477704 tim tebow

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MapReduce Analytics• Utilize MapReduce for building trends• AccumuloInputFormat reads from tweets table• AccumuloOutputFormat writes to trends table• AccumuloStorage LoadFunc for Pig available on github

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Summary•Accumulo exploits locality to enableinteractive access to huge data sets whileadding cell-level access control and server-side programming•Nothing in life is free. Accumulo comes withthe complexity and responsibility ofmanaging a distributed system and designingindexes on your data

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References• Documentation, Mailing Lists, Linkshttp://incubator.apache.org/accumulo/• HBase Shootouthttp://www.slideshare.net/cloudera/h-base-and-accumulo-todd-lipcom-jan-25-2012• Trendulohttps://github.com/jaredwinick/trendulo