DNA fingerprinting identifies an individual's unique DNA base-pair pattern. It involves isolating DNA through protocols like PCR, running the DNA through gel electrophoresis to separate fragments by size, transferring DNA to nitrocellulose paper through Southern blotting, and creating an autoradiograph to document the fingerprint pattern. DNA fingerprinting is used in paternity testing, criminal cases, immigration cases, and agriculture applications like identifying genetic diversity, new species, and resistance genes. Famous cases that used DNA evidence include proving Steve Bing was the father of Elizabeth Hurley's child and O.J. Simpson's murder trial.

1. DNA Fingerprinting
Presented by,
P.Jayapal
2015670505

2. Need to study about DNA
 Where it present
 Need (central dogma of life)

3. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING ?
Identifying the base-pair pattern in an individual's DNA

4. Steps in DNA Fingerprinting
 Isolation of DNA –Protocol
 PCR - Denatured DNA, Anneling ,Extension
 Electroporosis – Agarose Gel Run
 Denatured DNA – Alkaline solution
 Southern blotting – DNA fragments transferred to Nitrocelllose Paper
 Documentation –Autoradiography

5. Extraction of DNA using following protocol

6. ROLE OF CHEMICAL COMPONENT IN DNA
ISOLATION

7. Quantification of DNA - Electroporosis
Good expression of DNA in Electrophoresis gel

8. DNA

9. PCR MACHINE

10. PCR DNA Technique
Denaturation
Heat DNA template to 94°C
DNA becomes denatured
Annealing
Strands Primers combine or hybridize by lowering temp 72 c
Extension
DNA polymerase
Mixture of free nucleotides
dNTPs
Heat to 55-72 °C
Repeat process 25-30 times
 1 billion copies to be made (32 cycles)
 Cycle complete & stop 4 °C
Cycle
Time
Temperature

11. Some commonly used types of genetic markers are
• RFLP (or Restriction fragment length polymorphism)
• RAPD (or Random amplification of polymorphic DNA)
• SSR (or Simple sequence repeat)

12. Gel electrophoresis
• The basic principle is that DNA, RNA,
and proteins can all be separated by
means of an electric field.
• In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA
can be separated on the basis of size
by running the DNA through an
agarose gel.
Difficult to store gel in long period

13. Southern blotting of genomic DNA
Prepare Blotting Sandwich
Hybridization –Place the radioactive probe
Placed a x- ray flim detect the radio active pattern of DNA
Visible pattern of DNA fingerprinting
Documentation

14. Uses of dna Fingerprinting
•Paternity suits
•Creminal cases
•Immigration cases

15. Is this man the father of the child?
Mother Child Man

16. Famous cases
• In 2002 Elizabeth Hurley used
DNA profiling to prove that Steve
Bing was the father
of her child Damien

17. Was the suspect at the crime scene?
Suspects
Profile
Blood sample
from crime
scene
Victims
profile

18. Famous Cases
• O.J. Simpson was cleared
of a double murder
charge in 1994 which
relied heavily on DNA
evidence.

19. Uses in Agriculture
identify genetic diversity
Insect Barcoding
Identify new species
Transgenic plants
Gene mapping
Genetic variation
Mutations
Identifying resistance/tolerance genes

20. DNA FINGERPRINTING