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In His Footsteps
A Guide to the Holy City of Jerusalem
In His Footsteps
A Guide to the Holy City of Jerusalem

   This ebook can be downloaded as a high
    quality pdf from www.Jerusalem.com




                Credits on last page
The	
  Jerusalem	
  Experience


At	
   the	
   heart	
   of	
   all	
   the	
  prophecies	
  for	
  the	
  world,	
   there	
  is	
  
Jerusalem.	
   Discover	
   the	
   places	
   where	
   Jesus	
   ministered,	
  
and	
  be	
  uplifted	
  through	
  prayer.	
  

Here the stories of the Bible come alive, among the stones,
mountains and the leaves of every olive tree that thousands
of years ago bore witness.

From the sweeping vistas of the Mount of Olives, home to
Gethsemane, to the ancient stones of the Old City and the
Western Wall, Jerusalem reverberates with powerful echoes
of the past, that are just as significant now as they ever were.
It was in Jerusalem that the first Church was founded, and
where some of the most pivotal events in the world have
taken place—as they will again in days to come.

Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, for it is here that the past,
present and future coalesce—where the fate of our world
continually hangs in the balance.
Christian	
  Initiatives	
  
                Support	
  Jerusalem
In	
   the	
  past	
   decades,	
   Christian	
  initiatives	
  to	
  support	
  
the	
  Holy	
  Land	
   have	
  grown	
  exponentially.	
  Whether	
   it	
  
is	
   with	
   pilgrimages,	
   advocacy,	
   charity	
   or	
   prayer,	
  
Christians	
   have	
   been	
   turning	
   their	
   hearts	
   toward	
  
Jerusalem	
  in	
  its	
  time	
  of	
  greatest	
  need.

Now	
   more	
   than	
   ever,	
   Christians	
   are	
   fulCilling	
   the	
  
Biblical	
  mandate	
   to	
  pray	
   for	
  the	
  peace	
  of	
  Jerusalem.	
  
In	
   these	
   momentous	
   days,	
   Israel	
   is	
   the	
   center	
   of	
  
world	
   turmoil	
   like	
   never	
   before.	
   The	
   turbulent	
  
political	
   realities	
  that	
   threaten	
  Jerusalem	
   on	
  a	
  daily	
  
basis	
  are	
  merely	
  the	
  instrument	
   by	
  which	
  the	
  Hand	
  
of	
  God	
  is	
  revealed	
  in	
  our	
  time.

In	
   this	
   hour	
   of	
   deepest	
   turmoil,	
   Christians	
   are	
  
rallying	
  to	
   strengthen	
  the	
   Holy	
  Land	
  and	
  the	
  Jewish	
  
people.	
   Thousands	
   converge	
   upon	
   Jerusalem	
   to	
  
celebrate	
   the	
   Feast	
   of	
   the	
   Tabernacles	
   with	
  
festivities	
   and	
   parades,	
   meeting	
   with	
   Israel’s	
  
spiritual	
   leaders,	
   and	
   providing	
   essential	
   aid	
   to	
   its	
  
poor.	
   And	
   for	
   those	
   unable	
   to	
   make	
   a	
   pilgrimage,	
  
prayer	
  is	
   the	
   eternal	
   bond	
  that	
   even	
  the	
  distance	
  of	
  
oceans	
  cannot	
  sever.
The	
  Mount	
  of	
  Olives
Just	
  beyond	
  the	
  walls	
  of	
  Jerusalem’s	
  Old	
  City,	
  a	
  sweeping	
  vista	
               Zachariah	
   foretold	
   that	
   when	
   the	
   Messiah	
   arrives	
   in	
  
of	
   silver-­‐green	
   olive	
   trees	
   is	
  interspersed	
  with	
   landmarks	
   of	
               Jerusalem,	
   the	
  Cirst	
  dead	
  to	
  be	
  resurrected	
   will	
   be	
  those	
  who	
  
the	
   past.	
   The	
   Mount	
   of	
   Olives	
   holds	
   special	
   signiCicance	
   for	
            are	
   buried	
  on	
   the	
   Mount	
  of	
  Olives.	
   This	
  is	
  why	
   many	
   Jews	
   are	
  
the	
   Christian	
   faith,	
   as	
   the	
   place	
   where	
   some	
   of	
   the	
   most	
            buried	
  on	
  the	
  mountain,	
  with	
  some	
  of	
  the	
  graves	
  dating	
  back	
  
pivotal	
   events	
   in	
   the	
   New	
   Testament	
   took	
   place.	
   From	
   the	
                to	
  the	
  First	
  Temple	
  period.
prophecies	
  of	
  Zachariah	
  to	
  the	
  anguish	
  of	
  Jesus	
  in	
  the	
  Garden	
                 The	
   mountain	
   is	
   mentioned	
   at	
   several	
   points	
   in	
   the	
   Bible,	
  
of	
   Gethsemane,	
   the	
   Mount	
   of	
   Olives	
   stands	
   as	
   a	
   historic	
                 most	
   notably	
  when	
  King	
   David	
  Cled	
  to	
  the	
  Mount	
  of	
  Olives	
  for	
  
monument	
   to	
   the	
  living	
   faith	
  it	
  inspires	
  in	
  our	
  age,	
  and	
  for	
  all	
     refuge	
  during	
  the	
  rebellion	
  of	
  his	
  son	
  Absalom.
time.
                                                                                                              In	
   Christian	
   tradition,	
   the	
   Mount	
   of	
   Olives	
   is	
   of	
   central	
  
In	
   Jewish	
  tradition,	
   the	
  Mount	
   of	
  Olives	
   is	
  closely	
   associated	
              importance.	
   It	
   was	
   from	
   these	
   slopes	
   that	
   Jesus’	
   triumphal	
  
with	
  the	
  concept	
  of	
  resurrection.	
  The	
  Biblical	
  prophet	
                                 entry	
  into	
  Jerusalem	
  took	
  place.
Borne	
  by	
   a	
  donkey,	
  this	
  entry	
   to	
  Jerusalem	
   could	
  be	
   seen	
  as	
   a	
     Jesus	
  is	
  also	
  said	
   to	
  have	
  frequented	
   the	
   road	
  from	
  Jerusalem	
  
fulCillment	
   of	
   the	
   prophecy	
   of	
   Zachariah,	
   in	
   which	
   the	
                     to	
   Bethany	
   that	
   runs	
   along	
   the	
   Mount	
   of	
   Olives,	
   to	
  visit	
   his	
  
prophet	
   foretells	
   the	
   arrival	
   of	
   a	
   king	
   “gentle	
   and	
   riding	
   a	
       friend	
  Lazarus.	
  
donkey.”	
  (Zachariah	
  9:9-­‐10)	
  
                                                                                                             At	
   the	
   foot	
   of	
   the	
   mountain	
   is	
   the	
   Garden	
   of	
   Gethsemane,	
  	
  
Soon	
   after	
   this	
   climactic	
   event,	
   Jesus	
   prophesied	
   on	
   the	
                   where	
   Jesus	
   and	
   his	
   disciples	
   prayed	
   after	
   the	
   Last	
   Supper,	
  
Mount	
   of	
  Olives	
   to	
  his	
  disciples	
  about	
  the	
  destruction	
  of	
  the	
              the	
  night	
  before	
  the	
   cruciCixion.	
  The	
  garden	
  is	
   also	
  the	
   site	
  of	
  
Holy	
   Temple	
   in	
   Jerusalem.	
   This	
   prophecy,	
   known	
   as	
   the	
                      the	
   infamous	
  betrayal	
   of	
   Jesus	
  by	
   Judas	
  Iscariot.	
   A	
   Christian	
  
“Apocalyptic	
   Discourse,”	
   has	
   been	
   subject	
   to	
   many	
                                  pilgrimage	
   destination	
  for	
  hundreds	
  of	
  years,	
  Gethsemane	
  is	
  
interpretations	
   by	
   scholars	
   and	
   laymen	
   alike,	
   seeming	
   to	
                       exquisitely	
   preserved,	
   shaded	
   with	
   olive	
   trees	
   that	
   are	
  
portend	
  to	
  the	
  end	
  of	
  the	
  world	
  rather	
  than	
  just	
  the	
  Temple.                centuries	
   old.	
   	
   (Gethsemane	
   comes	
   from	
   the	
   Aramaic	
   Gat	
  
                                                                                                             Shamanim,	
   which	
   means	
   “oil	
   press.”)	
   It	
   is	
   believed	
   that	
   at	
  
                                                                                                             least	
  some	
  of	
  these	
  olive	
  trees	
  existed	
  in	
  the	
  time	
  of	
  Jesus.
Gethsemane
Just	
  beyond	
  the	
  Old	
  City	
   walls	
  are	
  the	
  shining	
  slopes	
  of	
  the	
  
Mount	
   of	
   Olives,	
   where	
   the	
   silvery	
   sheen	
   of	
   olive	
   trees	
  
cover	
   the	
   mountainside.	
   It	
   is	
   on	
   this	
   mountain	
   that	
   the	
  
Garden	
  of	
   Gethsemane	
  is	
   located—the	
   place	
   where	
  Jesus	
  
was	
  experience	
  anguish,	
  and	
  Cinally	
  was	
  betrayed	
  by	
  Judas	
  
and	
  arrested.	
  Here	
   is	
   where	
  the	
  infamous	
  Judas	
  Kiss	
  took	
  
place,	
  and	
  where	
  Jesus	
  made	
  the	
  fateful	
  decision	
   to	
  allow	
  
the	
   cruciCixion	
   to	
   go	
   forward.	
   Today,	
   the	
   ancient	
   olive	
  
trees,	
  cared	
   for	
   by	
   monks,	
  endure	
  as	
  a	
  peaceful	
  testament	
  
to	
  this	
  momentous	
  event	
  in	
  history.




                                                                                                     Anguish,	
  Betrayal	
  and	
  Arrest
                                                                                                     The	
  Garden	
   of	
  Gethsemane,	
  located	
  at	
  the	
  foot	
  of	
  the	
  Mount	
  of	
  
                                                                                                     Olives,	
   is	
   an	
   essential	
   landmark	
   in	
  Christian	
   tradition.	
   It	
   was	
  
                                                                                                     in	
   this	
   place	
   that	
   Jesus	
   spent	
   much	
   time	
   in	
   prayer	
   and	
  
                                                                                                     contemplation,	
   and	
   where	
   he	
   counseled	
   his	
   disciples.	
   The	
  
                                                                                                     name	
   Gethsemane	
   literally	
   translates	
   to	
   “olive	
   press,”	
   and	
  
                                                                                                     many	
  of	
  its	
  trees	
  are	
  hundreds	
  if	
  not	
  thousands	
  of	
  years	
  old.

                                                                                                     But	
  in	
  Jesus’	
  day,	
  this	
  deceptively	
  idyllic	
  garden	
   of	
  olive	
  trees	
  
                                                                                                     became	
  the	
   site	
  of	
  pain,	
   betrayal	
  and	
  acceptance	
  of	
  a	
  terrible	
  
                                                                                                     fate.	
   It	
   was	
  in	
   Gethsemane	
  that	
   Judas	
   Iscariot	
   completed	
   his	
  
                                                                                                     betrayal	
  of	
  Jesus	
  to	
  Pontius	
  Pilate.	
  His	
  kiss—the	
  source	
  of	
  the	
  
                                                                                                     proverbial	
  Judas	
  kiss—led	
  the	
  guardsman	
  directly	
  to	
  Jesus.
Yet	
   the	
   cruciCixion	
   could	
   have	
   been	
   averted	
   if	
   Jesus	
  
had	
  not	
  resolved	
  to	
  allow	
  it	
  to	
  happen,	
   for	
  the	
  sake	
  of	
  
mankind.	
   But	
   this	
   decision—which	
   entailed	
   his	
  
acceptance	
   of	
   one	
   of	
   the	
   most	
   	
   painful	
   forms	
   of	
  
execution	
  in	
  existence—caused	
  him	
  great	
   anguish	
  on	
  
the	
   eve	
   of	
   his	
   arrest.	
   The	
  scene	
  of	
  this	
   anguish	
   and	
  
arrest	
  was	
  Gethsemane.	
  

Gethsemane	
  Today

Because	
   of	
   its	
   great	
   signiCicance,	
   Gethsemane	
   is	
  
surrounded	
   by	
   landmarks	
   to	
   Christianity.	
   One	
   of	
  
these	
   landmarks	
   is	
   the	
   Church	
   of	
   All	
   Nations,	
   also	
  
known	
   as	
  the	
  Basilica	
   of	
  Agony.	
  This	
   church	
   was	
  Cirst	
  
built	
   in	
   the	
   fourth	
  century,	
   but	
   was	
  destroyed	
   in	
   an	
  
earthquake	
   and	
   built	
   anew	
   in	
   the	
   20th	
   century.	
   Its	
  
distinction	
   is	
   that	
   it	
   houses	
   the	
   Rock	
   of	
   Agony,	
   the	
  
bedrock	
  beside	
   which	
  Jesus	
  is	
   said	
  to	
  have	
  prayed	
  on	
  
the	
  night	
  before	
  his	
  cruciCixion.

Other	
   holy	
   sites	
   near	
   Gethesemane	
   include	
   the	
  
Church	
   of	
   Mary	
   Magdalene	
   and	
   the	
   Tomb	
   of	
   the	
  
Virgin	
  Mary,	
   where	
  Catholic	
   Christians	
  believe	
  Mary	
  
was	
  buried	
  before	
  her	
  Assumption.

Today,	
  the	
  olive	
  trees	
  that	
  visitors	
  see	
  in	
  Gethsemane	
  
are	
   some	
   of	
   the	
   same	
   trees	
   that	
   Jesus	
   himself	
   once	
  
saw,	
   though	
   in	
   his	
   day	
   they	
   would	
   have	
   been	
   mere	
  
saplings.	
  
The	
  Garden	
  Tomb
Many	
   Christians	
   believe	
   that	
   Garden	
   Tomb,	
   a	
   peaceful	
  
site	
   outside	
   the	
   walls	
   of	
   Jerusalem’s	
   Old	
   City,	
   once	
   set	
  
the	
   scene	
   for	
   one	
   of	
   the	
   most	
   pivotal	
   moments	
   in	
  
history.	
   This	
   ancient	
   tomb	
   that	
   was	
   certainly	
   located	
  
outside	
  the	
  city	
   limits	
  in	
  the	
  time	
  of	
  Jesus	
  is	
  powerfully	
  
evocative,	
   as	
   well	
   as	
   an	
   ideal	
   place	
   for	
   prayer	
   and	
  
contemplation.

Many	
   believe	
   that	
   the	
   The	
   Garden	
   Tomb	
   is	
   the	
   garden	
  
and	
   tomb	
   of	
   Joseph	
   of	
   Arimathea,	
   a	
   wealthy	
   man	
   who	
  
donated	
  his	
  own	
  grave	
   for	
   the	
  body	
  of	
   Jesus.	
  It	
  is	
  said	
  in	
  
the	
   Gospels	
   of	
   Nicodemus	
   that	
   Joseph	
   requested	
  
permission	
   from	
   Pontius	
   Pilate	
   to	
   remove	
   the	
   body	
   of	
  
Jesus	
   from	
   the	
  cross	
   and	
   prepare	
  him	
   for	
   burial.	
   Pilate	
  
acquiesced,	
   and	
   swathing	
   the	
   body	
   of	
   Christ	
   in	
   linen,	
  
Joseph	
   interred	
   the	
   body	
   in	
   the	
   sepulcher	
   that	
   he	
   had	
  
built	
  for	
  himself.	
  Later,	
  he	
  reported	
   to	
  Jewish	
   elders	
  that	
  
had	
  had	
  witnessed	
  a	
  miraculous	
  resurrection.

Hundreds	
   of	
   years	
  later,	
  British	
  General	
   Charles	
   Gordon	
  
called	
   attention	
   to	
  the	
  Garden	
  Tomb	
   while	
   stationed	
   in	
  
Jerusalem	
   in	
  1883.	
   What	
   initially	
   drew	
  his	
   interest	
   was	
  
the	
  skull-­‐like	
  formation	
  of	
   the	
  rocks—Golgotha,	
  the	
  hill	
  
whereupon	
   the	
   cruciCixion	
   took	
   place,	
   is	
   described	
   as	
  
resembling	
  a	
  skull.	
   The	
   eerie	
  formation	
   of	
  the	
   rocks	
   by	
  
the	
  Garden	
  Tomb	
   seem	
  like	
  the	
  deep-­‐set	
   eyes	
  of	
  a	
  skull	
  
brooding	
  over	
  a	
  long	
  guardianship	
  of	
  this	
  site.
Authenticity	
  of	
  the	
  Site

                                                                                                               The	
   main	
   argument	
   against	
   the	
   Church	
   of	
   the	
   Holy	
  
                                                                                                               Sepulchre	
  as	
  an	
  authentic	
  site	
  is	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  it	
  is	
  situated	
  
                                                                                                               within	
   the	
   city	
   limits	
   of	
   Jerusalem.	
   It	
   is	
   against	
   Jewish	
  
                                                                                                               custom	
  to	
  bury	
  the	
  dead	
  within	
  the	
  city	
  walls.	
  Moreover,	
  
                                                                                                               the	
   Romans	
   would	
   not	
   have	
   performed	
   a	
   cruciCixion	
  
                                                                                                               within	
   city	
   limits	
   either.	
   In	
   contrast,	
   the	
   newly	
  
                                                                                                               discovered	
   Skull	
   Hill,	
   being	
   near	
   the	
   Old	
   City	
   of	
  
                                                                                                               Jerusalem	
   but	
   still	
   outside	
   it,	
   would	
   have	
   been	
   an	
   ideal	
  
                                                                                                               location	
  for	
  executions.	
  There	
   is	
  in	
  fact	
  some	
  evidence	
   to	
  
                                                                                                               indicate	
   that	
   executions	
   were	
   carried	
   out	
   in	
   this	
   place	
  
                                                                                                               during	
  the	
  Second	
  Temple	
  era.

                                                                                                               	
  Where	
  the	
  cruciCixion	
  and	
   burial	
  took	
   place	
  is	
  a	
  question	
  
                                                                                                               that	
   has	
   intrigued	
   the	
   faithful	
   and	
   scholars	
   for	
  
                                                                                                               generations.	
   But	
   regardless	
   of	
   which	
   is	
   correct,	
   the	
  
                                                                                                               remarkable	
   nature	
   of	
   the	
   Garden	
   Tomb	
   as	
   a	
   site	
   to	
   be	
  
Residing	
   nearby	
   are	
   a	
   garden	
   and	
   ancient	
   tombs	
   which	
                         seen	
  is	
  indisputable.	
  
Cit	
  the	
  description	
  of	
   Christ’s	
  tomb	
  as	
  it	
   is	
  recorded	
  in	
  the	
  
Gospels.	
   It	
   is	
   this	
   striking	
   resemblance	
   to	
   gospel	
  
accounts	
  that	
  lends	
  the	
  site	
  its	
   particular	
  power,	
  whether	
  
or	
  not	
   it	
  is	
  in	
  fact	
   the	
  place	
  where	
   Jesus	
   was	
  laid	
  to	
   rest.	
  
For	
  many	
  Christians,	
   the	
  authenticity	
  of	
  the	
  Garden	
  Tomb	
  
as	
   Jesus’	
   burial	
   place	
   is	
   secondary	
   to	
   the	
   inherent	
  
signiCicance	
   of	
   an	
   ancient	
   tomb	
   outside	
   the	
   walls	
   of	
  
Jerusalem.	
  Here	
  is	
  a	
   place	
  where	
  it	
  is	
  possible	
   to	
  connect,	
  
mentally	
  and	
   emotionally,	
   with	
  the	
  events	
  of	
  that	
   fateful	
  
night.
The	
  Western	
  Wall
Jews	
   all	
   over	
   the	
  world	
   pray	
   towards	
   Jerusalem.	
   But	
   in	
  the	
           the	
   2000-­‐year	
   Diaspora	
   begun	
   by	
   Titus	
   of	
   Rome	
   is	
   still	
   in	
  
Holy	
  City	
   itself,	
   they	
  pray	
   towards	
   the	
  Western	
  Wall,	
   one	
  of	
            effect,	
   and	
   without	
   the	
   Messiah,	
   the	
   Temple	
   cannot	
   be	
  
the	
   holiest	
  sites	
  in	
  Judaism.	
  For	
  thousands	
   of	
  years,	
  this	
  wall	
            rebuilt.	
   Thus	
  the	
   Western	
  Wall,	
   a	
  remnant	
   of	
   the	
  walls	
   that	
  
that	
   Clanks	
   the	
   Temple	
   Mount	
   has	
   been	
   the	
   scene	
   of	
   much	
            surrounded	
   the	
   Second	
   Temple,	
   represents	
   the	
   highest	
  
yearning	
   and	
   heartfelt	
   prayers.	
   For	
   centuries,	
   Jews	
   from	
                       aspirations	
   of	
   the	
   Jewish	
   religion.	
   In	
   the	
   Wall	
   the	
   Jewish	
  
around	
   the	
   world	
   have	
   been	
   visiting	
   the	
   Western	
   Wall—to	
                    people	
  see	
  not	
  only	
  their	
  past	
  but	
  their	
  hopes	
  for	
  the	
  future.	
  
pray,	
   to	
   discover	
   their	
   roots,	
   and	
   to	
   dream	
   of	
   the	
   long-­‐lost	
     Jews	
   of	
   all	
   walks	
   of	
   life	
   pray	
   daily	
   at	
   the	
   Western	
   Wall;	
  
days	
  of	
   the	
  Temple.	
  Above	
   all	
  else,	
   they	
  pray	
  for	
  peace	
  and	
   a	
      businessmen	
  and	
  beggars,	
   religious	
  and	
  secular	
  alike.	
   Many	
  
world	
  redeemed	
  by	
  their	
  Messiah.                                                                 leave	
   notes	
  in	
   crevices	
  of	
  the	
  wall,	
   begging	
  for	
  their	
  heart’s	
  
                                                                                                             desires,	
   whether	
   they	
   are	
   for	
   the	
   recovery	
   of	
   a	
   family	
  
Today’s	
   Orthodox	
   Jews	
   consider	
   themselves	
   to	
   be	
   in	
   exile,	
  
                                                                                                             member	
   from	
   a	
   deadly	
   illness,	
   for	
   spiritual	
   enlightenment,	
  
even	
  those	
  who	
  live	
   in	
  Jerusalem	
  itself.	
   Without	
  the	
  Temple,	
  
                                                                                                             or	
  for	
  the	
  ultimate	
  redemption	
  from	
  exile.
Jews	
   believe	
   that	
   the	
   Divine	
   Presence	
   rests	
   on	
   the	
   Western	
          Wall	
   was	
   once	
   one	
   of	
   these	
   support	
   walls,	
   but	
   its	
   main	
  
Wall,	
   as	
   it	
   once	
   rested	
  within	
  the	
   Holy	
   Temple.	
   Therefore	
   if	
      distinction	
   is	
   that	
   it	
   was	
   the	
   wall	
   that	
   was	
   nearest	
   the	
  
someone	
  has	
  not	
  visited	
  the	
  Wall	
  for	
  30	
  days,	
  they	
  are	
  bidden	
          Temple’s	
  Holy	
  of	
  Holies,	
  home	
  of	
  the	
  Divine	
  Presence.
to	
   tear	
   their	
   clothes	
   in	
   mourning	
   when	
   they	
   at	
   last	
   return.	
  
                                                                                                          For	
   centuries,	
   Jews	
   endured	
   hardship	
   and	
   persecution	
   in	
  
(The	
  tearing	
  of	
  one’s	
  garments	
  is	
  a	
  frequent	
  sign	
  of	
  mourning	
  
                                                                                                          order	
  to	
  pray	
   at	
   the	
  Western	
   Wall,	
   since	
   it	
   was	
   not	
   in	
   their	
  
in	
  Judaism.)
                                                                                                          control.	
   It	
   was	
   only	
   after	
   the	
   Six	
   Day	
   War	
  in	
   1967	
   that	
   the	
  
	
  The	
  Wall	
  was	
  built	
  by	
  King	
  Herod,	
  who	
  in	
   37	
   A.D.	
   renovated	
      Jews	
  obtained	
  control	
  of	
  the	
  Western	
  Wall,	
   for	
   the	
  Cirst	
  time	
  
the	
   Second	
   Temple	
   by	
   Clattening	
   the	
   peaks	
   of	
   the	
   Temple	
             in	
  thousands	
  of	
  years.
Mount	
   and	
   building	
   support	
   walls	
   around	
   it.	
   The	
   Western	
  
The	
  Western	
  Wall	
  Tunnels
The	
   Western	
   Wall	
   as	
   visitors	
   know	
   it	
   is	
   only	
   a	
   piece—the	
  
full	
   wall,	
  built	
   by	
  King	
  Herod,	
  extends	
  all	
   along	
  the	
  Temple	
  
Mount,	
   but	
   until	
   recently	
   it	
   was	
   concealed	
   from	
   view.	
  
Ancient	
   mysteries	
   lie	
   just	
   beneath	
   the	
   surface	
   of	
   the	
   Old	
  
City	
   stones.	
   While	
   the	
   Old	
   City	
   of	
   Jerusalem	
   carries	
  
evocative	
  echoes	
  of	
  the	
  past,	
   the	
  most	
  intriguing	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  
city	
  is	
  underground.	
  The	
  excavations	
  along	
  the	
  length	
  of	
  the	
  
Western	
   Wall	
   have	
   uncovered	
   many	
   treasures	
   from	
  
Jerusalem’s	
   most	
  distant	
  past,	
  and	
   provide	
  clues	
  to	
  its	
  many	
  
mysteries.	
   Layer	
  upon	
   layer	
  of	
   carved	
  stone	
   tells	
   thousands	
  
of	
  years	
  of	
  a	
  story.

Discovering	
  the	
  Western	
  Wall	
  Tunnels

The	
  Cirst	
  excavations	
   along	
  the	
  Western	
   Wall	
  were	
   begun	
  in	
  
the	
   nineteenth	
   century	
   by	
   the	
   British	
   archaeologists	
  
Charles	
  Wilson	
  and	
  Charles	
  Warren.	
  After	
  the	
  conclusion	
  of	
  
the	
   Six	
   Day	
   War,	
   Israel’s	
   Ministry	
   of	
   Religious	
   Affairs	
  
spearheaded	
   an	
   excavation	
  of	
  the	
  entire	
  Western	
  Wall.	
  This	
  
complicated	
   process	
   was	
   undertaken	
   with	
   the	
   help	
   of	
  
engineers,	
  to	
  make	
  sure	
  that	
  the	
  walls	
  did	
  not	
  collapse.	
  

To	
   this	
   day,	
   the	
   expertise	
   of	
   engineers	
   accompanies	
   each	
  
step	
   of	
   the	
   delicate	
   excavation	
   process,	
   which	
   includes	
  
making	
   the	
   tunnels	
   visitor-­‐friendly,	
   handicap	
   accessible,	
  
and	
   air-­‐conditioned,	
   while	
   still	
   maintaining	
   the	
   original	
  
condition	
  of	
  the	
  site.
These	
   streets	
   were	
   transformed	
   into	
   tunnels	
   after	
   the	
  
                                                                                                           Muslim	
   conquest	
   of	
   Jerusalem,	
   when	
   the	
   Muslims	
  
                                                                                                           decided	
  to	
  link	
  the	
   two	
  higher	
  parts	
  of	
   the	
  city	
  above	
  the	
  
                                                                                                           valley	
  in	
  between.	
  Thus	
  they	
  built	
  arches	
  over	
  the	
  streets,	
  
                                                                                                           turning	
   them	
   into	
   tunnels,	
   and	
   put	
   them	
   to	
   use	
   as	
  
                                                                                                           cisterns	
  and	
  sewage	
  tunnels.	
  

                                                                                                           Above,	
   the	
   sunny	
   Old	
   City	
   is	
   bustling	
   with	
   visitors,	
  
                                                                                                           markets,	
  and	
  children	
   at	
  play.	
   Below,	
  history	
  lies	
  in	
  wait,	
  
                                                                                                           whispering	
  its	
  secrets	
  to	
  passersby	
  in	
  the	
  darkness.




Secrets	
  of	
  the	
  Western	
  Wall	
  Tunnels

It	
  is	
  only	
  in	
  the	
  tunnels	
  that	
  the	
  streets	
  of	
  thousands	
  of	
  years	
  
ago,	
   in	
   their	
   original	
   form,	
   still	
   endure	
   in	
   Jerusalem.	
  
Archaeologists	
  have	
   found	
   a	
   marketplace	
  in	
  the	
   tunnels	
  that	
  
they	
   estimate	
   was	
   in	
   use	
   during	
   the	
   time	
   of	
   the	
   Second	
  
Temple,	
   and	
   possibly	
   even	
   earlier.	
   The	
   carved	
   stone	
  
passageways	
   date	
   back	
   to	
   Herodian	
   and	
   the	
   even	
   earlier	
  
Hasmonean	
  periods.

Stones	
   weighing	
   more	
  than	
  500	
  tons	
  (the	
  weight	
   of	
  about	
  70	
  
elephants)	
   form	
   the	
   foundation	
   of	
   the	
   Western	
   Wall.	
   It	
   is	
  
possible	
   now	
   to	
  see,	
  from	
  markings	
  on	
  the	
  stones,	
  that	
  they	
  
were	
   transported	
   through	
   means	
   of	
   technology	
   that	
   was	
  
remarkably	
  complex	
  for	
  the	
  period.
The	
  Old	
  City
Here	
  it	
   is:	
  the	
  place	
  where	
  it	
   all	
  began,	
  and	
  the	
  focal	
   point	
   of	
  
an	
  intense,	
   passionate	
  spirituality	
   that	
   has	
   endured	
  for	
  eons.	
  
The	
   heat	
   of	
   the	
   sun	
   glancing	
   from	
   the	
   pale	
   stones	
   seems	
   a	
  
living	
   metaphor	
   for	
   the	
   searing	
   Clames	
   of	
   faith.	
   But	
   there	
   is	
  
another	
   facet	
   of	
  the	
  Old	
  City	
  beyond	
  the	
  requisite	
  holy	
   sites:	
  
its	
  beating	
   pulse,	
  embodied	
  in	
  the	
  people	
   who	
  have	
   chosen	
   to	
  
make	
  their	
  lives	
  at	
  the	
  center	
  of	
  the	
  vortex.

By	
   and	
   large,	
   most	
   people	
   who	
   live	
   in	
   the	
   Old	
   City	
   are	
  
devoutly	
   religious,	
  and	
  have	
  become	
  accustomed	
   to	
  living	
  in	
   a	
  
Cishbowl.	
  But	
  what	
  is	
  really	
  going	
  on	
  in	
   the	
  fabric	
  of	
  daily	
  life,	
  
                                                                                                                  First,	
  explore	
  the	
  colorful	
   Arab	
  market,	
  rife	
  with	
  the	
  loud	
  
here	
  in	
  the	
  contentious	
  center	
  of	
  three	
  faiths?
                                                                                                                  cries	
   of	
   bargaining	
   and	
   the	
   thick	
   scents	
   of	
   Middle	
  
                                                                                                                  Eastern	
  spices.	
   (Without	
   a	
  guide,	
   it’s	
  best	
   to	
  keep	
  to	
  the	
  
                                                                                                                  main	
   market	
   streets.)	
   But	
   beyond	
   this	
   market	
   that	
   is	
  
                                                                                                                  mostly	
   aimed	
   at	
   tourists,	
   there	
   are	
   signs	
   of	
   an	
  
                                                                                                                  independent	
   world.	
   Notice	
   the	
   grafCiti	
   on	
   facades	
   of	
  
                                                                                                                  many	
  Arab	
  homes:	
  these	
  symbols	
  tell	
  a	
  story.	
  

                                                                                                                  An	
   Arab	
   who	
   has	
   completed	
   the	
  Haj,	
   the	
  journey	
   to	
  the	
  
                                                                                                                  Muslim	
  holy	
   cities	
   Mecca	
  and	
   Medina,	
  returns	
   and	
  paints	
  
                                                                                                                  a	
   symbolic	
   account	
   of	
   his	
   journey	
   on	
   the	
   wall	
   of	
   his	
  
                                                                                                                  home,	
  by	
  way	
  of	
  announcement.	
  	
  

                                                                                                                  In	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter,	
   visit	
   the	
   Roman	
   arcade	
   of	
   the	
  
                                                                                                                  Cardo,	
   now	
   enlivened	
   with	
   bustling	
   shops.	
   Israeli	
  
                                                                                                                  shoppers	
  think	
   nothing	
  of	
  the	
  fact	
   that	
  they	
  are	
  strolling	
  
                                                                                                                  on	
   an	
   authentic	
   Roman	
   street,	
   where	
   Cigures	
   out	
   of	
  
                                                                                                                  history	
  once	
  walked	
  and	
  shopped.	
  
In	
   the	
   courtyard	
  near	
  the	
  Cardo,	
   hear	
  the	
  melodic	
   chanting	
  of	
  
ultra-­‐Orthodox	
  schoolchildren,	
  learning	
  to	
  read	
  the	
  Scriptures	
  
from	
  an	
  early	
  age.	
  All	
  morning	
  the	
  chanting	
  goes	
  on,	
  becoming	
  
one	
  with	
  the	
  other	
  sounds	
  of	
  the	
  Jewish	
  Quarter:	
  wind	
  chimes,	
  
children	
   playing,	
   the	
   rushing	
   sound	
   of	
   Quarter	
   residents	
  
watering	
  their	
  roof	
   gardens.	
   A	
   rooftop	
  view	
   of	
   Jewish	
  Quarter	
  
homes	
   reveals	
   a	
   wild	
   array	
   of	
   color	
   and	
   greenery	
   that	
   is	
  
invisible	
  from	
  the	
  street.	
  	
  

The	
   best	
   way	
   to	
   experience	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter	
   is	
   in	
   the	
  
evening,	
   when	
   residents	
   are	
   at	
   home	
   and	
   tourists	
   have	
  
evacuated	
   to	
   their	
   hotels.	
   Quiet	
   settles	
   in	
   the	
   tangled	
   streets,	
  
and	
   the	
   blossoms	
   of	
   night-­‐blooming	
   jasmine	
   begin	
   to	
   release	
  
their	
   seductive	
  scent	
   into	
  the	
  air.	
   The	
  emergence	
  of	
  the	
  moon	
  
lights	
   your	
   way,	
   joining	
   with	
   the	
   rosy	
   light	
   of	
   windows.	
  
Discover	
   hidden	
   archways,	
   spiraling	
   stairways	
   that	
   descend	
  
into	
  secret	
  levels.	
   Find	
  the	
  shortcuts	
  that	
   the	
  residents	
  know	
  by	
  
heart,	
  and	
   arrive	
  at	
  last	
  at	
  a	
  breathtaking	
  view	
  of	
  the	
  Western	
  
Wall,	
  gleaming	
  against	
  the	
  night.

For	
   the	
   most	
   atmospheric	
   experience	
   of	
   all,	
   explore	
   the	
   Old	
  
City	
  on	
   a	
  Saturday	
  evening.	
   In	
   the	
   Jewish	
  Quarter,	
   families	
  are	
  
all	
   inside,	
   singing	
   the	
   melancholy	
   yet	
   hopeful	
   ballads	
   of	
   the	
  
evening	
  Sabbath	
   meal.	
   And	
   then,	
   adding	
   to	
   the	
  singing	
   comes	
  
the	
   chant	
   of	
   the	
   Muslim	
   muezzin,	
   the	
   call	
   to	
   evening	
   prayer.	
  
The	
   church	
   bells	
   of	
   the	
   Christian	
   Quarter	
   begin	
   to	
   toll,	
  
sonorous	
   in	
  the	
  dusk	
   stillness.	
   Three	
  voices	
  of	
  three	
  disparate	
  
faiths	
  intertwining,	
   utterly	
  separate	
  yet	
  at	
   the	
  same	
  time	
  united	
  
in	
  the	
  moment	
  here,	
  in	
  this	
  place.
The	
  Christian	
  Quarter
Today	
   the	
   Christian	
   Quarter	
   is	
   home	
   to	
   approximately	
   40	
  
Christian	
   holy	
   sites,	
   with	
   the	
   Holy	
   Sepulchre	
   acting	
   as	
   the	
     was	
  killed.	
   Instead	
  it	
   was	
  revered	
   as	
  the	
  city	
  where	
  he	
  had	
  
natural	
   epicenter.	
   In	
   the	
   fourth	
   century,	
   the	
   fortunes	
   of	
           lived	
  and	
  breathed.	
  
Jerusalem	
   changed	
   irrevocably.	
   With	
   the	
   Emperor	
  
                                                                                                      The	
   Church	
   of	
  the	
   Holy	
  Sepulchre	
  was	
  built	
   to	
  the	
   glory	
   of	
  
Constantine’s	
   uncovering	
   of	
   the	
  Holy	
   Sepulchre,	
   the	
   pagan	
  
                                                                                                      Christianity,	
   and	
   a	
   burgeoning	
   community	
   sprung	
   up	
   in	
   its	
  
city	
   of	
   Aelia	
   Capitolina	
   became	
   holy	
   to	
   Christianity.	
   The	
  
                                                                                                      wake.	
   Constantine	
   and	
   his	
   mother	
   Helena	
   also	
   are	
   said	
   to	
  
Christian	
   Quarter	
   in	
   Jerusalem’s	
   Old	
   City	
   is	
   an	
   evocative	
  
                                                                                                      have	
   discovered	
   the	
   True	
   Cross	
   upon	
   which	
   Jesus	
   was	
  
monument	
  to	
   the	
  earliest	
   foundations	
  of	
  Christianity	
  in	
  the	
  
                                                                                                      cruciCied.	
   Jerusalem	
   became	
   a	
   pilgrim	
   destination	
   and	
  
Holy	
  City.
                                                                                                      central	
  holy	
  city	
  of	
  Christianity	
  and	
  would	
  remain	
  so	
  forever	
  
No	
  longer	
  a 	
  pagan	
  city,	
  the	
   name	
   of	
  Jerusalem	
  was	
  restored.	
        after.
No	
  longer	
  was	
  Jerusalem	
   accursed	
  as	
  the	
  place	
  where	
  Jesus	
  
But	
   just	
   as	
   the	
   sanctity	
   of	
   the	
   place	
   was	
   ratcheted	
   up,	
   so	
     Today,	
   though	
   the	
   surrounding	
   country	
   has	
   changed	
  
was	
   its	
   importance.	
   For	
   hundreds	
   of	
   years,	
   the	
   Church	
   of	
               tremendously,	
   very	
  little	
  has	
  fundamentally	
  changed	
  in	
  the	
  
the	
   Holy	
   Sepulchre	
   was	
   the	
   center	
   of	
   a	
   maelstrom	
   of	
                    Christian	
  Quarter	
  of	
  Jerusalem	
  over	
  hundreds	
  of	
  years.
divisions	
   and	
   conClicts.	
   The	
   Persian	
   invasion	
   in	
   614	
   A.D.	
  
cost	
   the	
  church	
   the	
   True	
  Cross	
  and	
   caused	
  Cire	
   damage	
   to	
               	
  Just	
   as	
  they	
  did	
  in	
  centuries	
  past,	
  pilgrims	
  from	
  across	
  the	
  
the	
  building.	
  	
                                                                                       globe	
   gather	
   here	
   to	
   follow	
   the	
   path	
   of	
   the	
   Via	
   Dolorosa.	
  
                                                                                                             They	
  walk	
   the	
  stone	
  streets	
   of	
  ancient	
  Jerusalem	
   and	
   bask	
  
But	
  this	
  hardly	
  compares	
  to	
  the	
   events	
   of	
   1009	
  A.D.:	
  under	
                in	
   its	
   timeless	
   atmosphere.	
   And	
  just	
   as	
   in	
  centuries	
  past,	
   a	
  
Muslim	
   rule,	
   the	
   church	
  was	
   destroyed	
   in	
   its	
   entirety.	
   The	
              Ciery	
   passion	
   ignites	
   the	
   air	
   in	
   this	
   place,	
   as	
   a	
   myriad	
   of	
  
destruction	
   sent	
   a	
   ripple	
   effect	
   of	
   rage	
   and	
   dismay	
                        emotions	
  and	
  beliefs	
  converge,	
  clash,	
  and	
  blend	
  in	
  a	
  choir	
  of	
  
throughout	
   European	
   Christendom.	
   Nearly	
   a	
   century	
   later,	
                           many	
  voices.
Pope	
   Urban	
   II	
   could	
   channel	
   this	
   emotion	
   to	
   incite	
   the	
  
Crusades.	
  
The	
  Jewish	
  Quarter
The	
   atmospheric	
  Jewish	
   Quarter	
  of	
   Jerusalem’s	
  Old	
   City	
  
is	
   popular	
   with	
   tourists,	
   but	
   is	
   often	
   overlooked	
   as	
   a	
  
neighborhood	
   with	
   a	
   thriving	
   Orthodox	
   Jewish	
  
community.	
   Each	
   evocative	
   side	
   street	
   and	
  alleyway	
   is	
  
not	
  far	
  from	
  a	
  window	
   or	
  a	
  door	
  of	
  someone’s	
  home—a	
  
home	
  that	
  is	
  often	
  bursting	
  with	
  small	
  children.	
  

Residents	
   of	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter,	
   more	
   than	
   anywhere	
  
else	
   in	
   Jerusalem,	
   see	
   themselves	
   as	
   the	
   keepers	
   of	
   a	
  
sacred	
   tradition.	
   Their	
  observances	
  of	
   the	
  daily	
   rituals	
  
of	
  Jewish	
  law	
  are	
  performed	
  against	
  the	
  backdrop	
  of	
  the	
  
original	
  Holy	
  City.	
  They	
   live	
  steps	
  away	
   from	
  the	
  Temple	
  
Mount,	
   the	
   holiest	
   site	
   in	
   Judaism,	
   and	
   the	
   pulsing	
  
                                                                                                 To	
  be	
  Jewish	
  in	
  the	
  oldest	
  part	
  of	
  Jerusalem	
  is	
  a 	
  blessing	
  which	
  
energy	
  of	
  the	
  Western	
  Wall.	
  
                                                                                                 many	
   residents	
   believe	
   is	
   a	
   fair	
   trade	
   for	
   the	
   many	
  
                                                                                                 inconveniences	
  of	
  living	
  at	
  the	
  center	
  of	
  a	
  tourist	
  attraction.

                                                                                                 There	
   has	
   been	
   almost	
   a	
   continual	
   Jewish	
   presence	
   in	
   the	
  
                                                                                                 Jewish	
   Quarter	
  since	
   the	
  8th	
   century	
   B.C.	
   Over	
  the	
   course	
   of	
  
                                                                                                 hundreds	
   of	
   years,	
   the	
   neighborhood	
   was	
   home	
   to	
   Jews	
   and	
  
                                                                                                 other	
  peoples	
  alike,	
   including	
  Turks,	
   Arabs	
  and	
  Christians.	
  The	
  
                                                                                                 Hurva	
   Synagogue,	
   which	
   is	
   now	
   undergoing	
   restoration,	
   was	
  
                                                                                                 the	
  central	
  synagogue	
  of	
  the	
  Old	
  City	
  for	
  hundreds	
  of	
  years.	
  

                                                                                                 In	
   1948,	
   the	
   Jordanians	
   invaded	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter	
   and	
  
                                                                                                 bombed	
   the	
   Jewish	
   homes.	
   The	
   Jewish	
   residents	
   of	
   the	
  
                                                                                                 neighborhood	
   were	
   forced	
  to	
  Clee,	
  never	
  to	
  return	
  until	
   Israel	
  
                                                                                                 retook	
  the	
  Old	
  City	
  in	
  1967.
Life	
  in	
  the	
  Jewish	
  Quarter                                      nearly	
  impossible;	
   thus	
  residents	
  of	
  the	
  Jewish	
  Quarter	
  often	
  
Living	
   in	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter	
   is	
   in	
   itself	
   a	
   religious	
           feel	
  cut	
  off	
  from	
  the	
  rest	
  of	
  the	
  city.	
  
experience,	
  because	
  every	
  aspect	
   of	
  life	
   is	
  affected	
  by	
   living	
        But	
   at	
   the	
   same	
   time,	
   there	
   is	
   a	
   reason	
   that	
   holidays	
   draw	
  
at	
   the	
   center	
   of	
   Judaism.	
   The	
   quarter	
   is	
   regularly	
   mobbed	
       such	
   crowds:	
   from	
   the	
   festive	
   lights	
   of	
   Chanukah	
   to	
   the	
  
with	
   tourists	
   of	
   every	
   description,	
   particularly	
   during	
   the	
             booths	
   of	
   Sukkot,	
   the	
   Jewish	
   Quarter	
   during	
   holidays	
   is	
  
holidays.	
   During	
  such	
  times,	
  leaving	
  the	
  Old	
  City	
  by	
   vehicle	
  is	
     pervaded	
  with	
  an	
  atmosphere	
  of	
  intense	
  spirituality.
                                                                                                      	
  	
  
“In His Footsteps” from www.Jerusalem.com is licensed under CC.
Concept & Design: Jack Reichert
Editor: Ilana Teitelbaum
Photos by Flash90

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Anguish, Betrayal and Arrest at the Garden of Gethsemane

  • 1. In His Footsteps A Guide to the Holy City of Jerusalem
  • 2. In His Footsteps A Guide to the Holy City of Jerusalem This ebook can be downloaded as a high quality pdf from www.Jerusalem.com Credits on last page
  • 3. The  Jerusalem  Experience At   the   heart   of   all   the  prophecies  for  the  world,   there  is   Jerusalem.   Discover   the   places   where   Jesus   ministered,   and  be  uplifted  through  prayer.   Here the stories of the Bible come alive, among the stones, mountains and the leaves of every olive tree that thousands of years ago bore witness. From the sweeping vistas of the Mount of Olives, home to Gethsemane, to the ancient stones of the Old City and the Western Wall, Jerusalem reverberates with powerful echoes of the past, that are just as significant now as they ever were. It was in Jerusalem that the first Church was founded, and where some of the most pivotal events in the world have taken place—as they will again in days to come. Pray for the peace of Jerusalem, for it is here that the past, present and future coalesce—where the fate of our world continually hangs in the balance.
  • 4. Christian  Initiatives   Support  Jerusalem In   the  past   decades,   Christian  initiatives  to  support   the  Holy  Land   have  grown  exponentially.  Whether   it   is   with   pilgrimages,   advocacy,   charity   or   prayer,   Christians   have   been   turning   their   hearts   toward   Jerusalem  in  its  time  of  greatest  need. Now   more   than   ever,   Christians   are   fulCilling   the   Biblical  mandate   to  pray   for  the  peace  of  Jerusalem.   In   these   momentous   days,   Israel   is   the   center   of   world   turmoil   like   never   before.   The   turbulent   political   realities  that   threaten  Jerusalem   on  a  daily   basis  are  merely  the  instrument   by  which  the  Hand   of  God  is  revealed  in  our  time. In   this   hour   of   deepest   turmoil,   Christians   are   rallying  to   strengthen  the   Holy  Land  and  the  Jewish   people.   Thousands   converge   upon   Jerusalem   to   celebrate   the   Feast   of   the   Tabernacles   with   festivities   and   parades,   meeting   with   Israel’s   spiritual   leaders,   and   providing   essential   aid   to   its   poor.   And   for   those   unable   to   make   a   pilgrimage,   prayer  is   the   eternal   bond  that   even  the  distance  of   oceans  cannot  sever.
  • 5. The  Mount  of  Olives Just  beyond  the  walls  of  Jerusalem’s  Old  City,  a  sweeping  vista   Zachariah   foretold   that   when   the   Messiah   arrives   in   of   silver-­‐green   olive   trees   is  interspersed  with   landmarks   of   Jerusalem,   the  Cirst  dead  to  be  resurrected   will   be  those  who   the   past.   The   Mount   of   Olives   holds   special   signiCicance   for   are   buried  on   the   Mount  of  Olives.   This  is  why   many   Jews   are   the   Christian   faith,   as   the   place   where   some   of   the   most   buried  on  the  mountain,  with  some  of  the  graves  dating  back   pivotal   events   in   the   New   Testament   took   place.   From   the   to  the  First  Temple  period. prophecies  of  Zachariah  to  the  anguish  of  Jesus  in  the  Garden   The   mountain   is   mentioned   at   several   points   in   the   Bible,   of   Gethsemane,   the   Mount   of   Olives   stands   as   a   historic   most   notably  when  King   David  Cled  to  the  Mount  of  Olives  for   monument   to   the  living   faith  it  inspires  in  our  age,  and  for  all   refuge  during  the  rebellion  of  his  son  Absalom. time. In   Christian   tradition,   the   Mount   of   Olives   is   of   central   In   Jewish  tradition,   the  Mount   of  Olives   is  closely   associated   importance.   It   was   from   these   slopes   that   Jesus’   triumphal   with  the  concept  of  resurrection.  The  Biblical  prophet   entry  into  Jerusalem  took  place.
  • 6. Borne  by   a  donkey,  this  entry   to  Jerusalem   could  be   seen  as   a   Jesus  is  also  said   to  have  frequented   the   road  from  Jerusalem   fulCillment   of   the   prophecy   of   Zachariah,   in   which   the   to   Bethany   that   runs   along   the   Mount   of   Olives,   to  visit   his   prophet   foretells   the   arrival   of   a   king   “gentle   and   riding   a   friend  Lazarus.   donkey.”  (Zachariah  9:9-­‐10)   At   the   foot   of   the   mountain   is   the   Garden   of   Gethsemane,     Soon   after   this   climactic   event,   Jesus   prophesied   on   the   where   Jesus   and   his   disciples   prayed   after   the   Last   Supper,   Mount   of  Olives   to  his  disciples  about  the  destruction  of  the   the  night  before  the   cruciCixion.  The  garden  is   also  the   site  of   Holy   Temple   in   Jerusalem.   This   prophecy,   known   as   the   the   infamous  betrayal   of   Jesus  by   Judas  Iscariot.   A   Christian   “Apocalyptic   Discourse,”   has   been   subject   to   many   pilgrimage   destination  for  hundreds  of  years,  Gethsemane  is   interpretations   by   scholars   and   laymen   alike,   seeming   to   exquisitely   preserved,   shaded   with   olive   trees   that   are   portend  to  the  end  of  the  world  rather  than  just  the  Temple. centuries   old.     (Gethsemane   comes   from   the   Aramaic   Gat   Shamanim,   which   means   “oil   press.”)   It   is   believed   that   at   least  some  of  these  olive  trees  existed  in  the  time  of  Jesus.
  • 7. Gethsemane Just  beyond  the  Old  City   walls  are  the  shining  slopes  of  the   Mount   of   Olives,   where   the   silvery   sheen   of   olive   trees   cover   the   mountainside.   It   is   on   this   mountain   that   the   Garden  of   Gethsemane  is   located—the   place   where  Jesus   was  experience  anguish,  and  Cinally  was  betrayed  by  Judas   and  arrested.  Here   is   where  the  infamous  Judas  Kiss  took   place,  and  where  Jesus  made  the  fateful  decision   to  allow   the   cruciCixion   to   go   forward.   Today,   the   ancient   olive   trees,  cared   for   by   monks,  endure  as  a  peaceful  testament   to  this  momentous  event  in  history. Anguish,  Betrayal  and  Arrest The  Garden   of  Gethsemane,  located  at  the  foot  of  the  Mount  of   Olives,   is   an   essential   landmark   in  Christian   tradition.   It   was   in   this   place   that   Jesus   spent   much   time   in   prayer   and   contemplation,   and   where   he   counseled   his   disciples.   The   name   Gethsemane   literally   translates   to   “olive   press,”   and   many  of  its  trees  are  hundreds  if  not  thousands  of  years  old. But  in  Jesus’  day,  this  deceptively  idyllic  garden   of  olive  trees   became  the   site  of  pain,   betrayal  and  acceptance  of  a  terrible   fate.   It   was  in   Gethsemane  that   Judas   Iscariot   completed   his   betrayal  of  Jesus  to  Pontius  Pilate.  His  kiss—the  source  of  the   proverbial  Judas  kiss—led  the  guardsman  directly  to  Jesus.
  • 8. Yet   the   cruciCixion   could   have   been   averted   if   Jesus   had  not  resolved  to  allow  it  to  happen,   for  the  sake  of   mankind.   But   this   decision—which   entailed   his   acceptance   of   one   of   the   most     painful   forms   of   execution  in  existence—caused  him  great   anguish  on   the   eve   of   his   arrest.   The  scene  of  this   anguish   and   arrest  was  Gethsemane.   Gethsemane  Today Because   of   its   great   signiCicance,   Gethsemane   is   surrounded   by   landmarks   to   Christianity.   One   of   these   landmarks   is   the   Church   of   All   Nations,   also   known   as  the  Basilica   of  Agony.  This   church   was  Cirst   built   in   the   fourth  century,   but   was  destroyed   in   an   earthquake   and   built   anew   in   the   20th   century.   Its   distinction   is   that   it   houses   the   Rock   of   Agony,   the   bedrock  beside   which  Jesus  is   said  to  have  prayed  on   the  night  before  his  cruciCixion. Other   holy   sites   near   Gethesemane   include   the   Church   of   Mary   Magdalene   and   the   Tomb   of   the   Virgin  Mary,   where  Catholic   Christians  believe  Mary   was  buried  before  her  Assumption. Today,  the  olive  trees  that  visitors  see  in  Gethsemane   are   some   of   the   same   trees   that   Jesus   himself   once   saw,   though   in   his   day   they   would   have   been   mere   saplings.  
  • 9. The  Garden  Tomb Many   Christians   believe   that   Garden   Tomb,   a   peaceful   site   outside   the   walls   of   Jerusalem’s   Old   City,   once   set   the   scene   for   one   of   the   most   pivotal   moments   in   history.   This   ancient   tomb   that   was   certainly   located   outside  the  city   limits  in  the  time  of  Jesus  is  powerfully   evocative,   as   well   as   an   ideal   place   for   prayer   and   contemplation. Many   believe   that   the   The   Garden   Tomb   is   the   garden   and   tomb   of   Joseph   of   Arimathea,   a   wealthy   man   who   donated  his  own  grave   for   the  body  of   Jesus.  It  is  said  in   the   Gospels   of   Nicodemus   that   Joseph   requested   permission   from   Pontius   Pilate   to   remove   the   body   of   Jesus   from   the  cross   and   prepare  him   for   burial.   Pilate   acquiesced,   and   swathing   the   body   of   Christ   in   linen,   Joseph   interred   the   body   in   the   sepulcher   that   he   had   built  for  himself.  Later,  he  reported   to  Jewish   elders  that   had  had  witnessed  a  miraculous  resurrection. Hundreds   of   years  later,  British  General   Charles   Gordon   called   attention   to  the  Garden  Tomb   while   stationed   in   Jerusalem   in  1883.   What   initially   drew  his   interest   was   the  skull-­‐like  formation  of   the  rocks—Golgotha,  the  hill   whereupon   the   cruciCixion   took   place,   is   described   as   resembling  a  skull.   The   eerie  formation   of  the   rocks   by   the  Garden  Tomb   seem  like  the  deep-­‐set   eyes  of  a  skull   brooding  over  a  long  guardianship  of  this  site.
  • 10. Authenticity  of  the  Site The   main   argument   against   the   Church   of   the   Holy   Sepulchre  as  an  authentic  site  is  the  fact  that  it  is  situated   within   the   city   limits   of   Jerusalem.   It   is   against   Jewish   custom  to  bury  the  dead  within  the  city  walls.  Moreover,   the   Romans   would   not   have   performed   a   cruciCixion   within   city   limits   either.   In   contrast,   the   newly   discovered   Skull   Hill,   being   near   the   Old   City   of   Jerusalem   but   still   outside   it,   would   have   been   an   ideal   location  for  executions.  There   is  in  fact  some  evidence   to   indicate   that   executions   were   carried   out   in   this   place   during  the  Second  Temple  era.  Where  the  cruciCixion  and   burial  took   place  is  a  question   that   has   intrigued   the   faithful   and   scholars   for   generations.   But   regardless   of   which   is   correct,   the   remarkable   nature   of   the   Garden   Tomb   as   a   site   to   be   Residing   nearby   are   a   garden   and   ancient   tombs   which   seen  is  indisputable.   Cit  the  description  of   Christ’s  tomb  as  it   is  recorded  in  the   Gospels.   It   is   this   striking   resemblance   to   gospel   accounts  that  lends  the  site  its   particular  power,  whether   or  not   it  is  in  fact   the  place  where   Jesus   was  laid  to   rest.   For  many  Christians,   the  authenticity  of  the  Garden  Tomb   as   Jesus’   burial   place   is   secondary   to   the   inherent   signiCicance   of   an   ancient   tomb   outside   the   walls   of   Jerusalem.  Here  is  a   place  where  it  is  possible   to  connect,   mentally  and   emotionally,   with  the  events  of  that   fateful   night.
  • 11. The  Western  Wall Jews   all   over   the  world   pray   towards   Jerusalem.   But   in  the   the   2000-­‐year   Diaspora   begun   by   Titus   of   Rome   is   still   in   Holy  City   itself,   they  pray   towards   the  Western  Wall,   one  of   effect,   and   without   the   Messiah,   the   Temple   cannot   be   the   holiest  sites  in  Judaism.  For  thousands   of  years,  this  wall   rebuilt.   Thus  the   Western  Wall,   a  remnant   of   the  walls   that   that   Clanks   the   Temple   Mount   has   been   the   scene   of   much   surrounded   the   Second   Temple,   represents   the   highest   yearning   and   heartfelt   prayers.   For   centuries,   Jews   from   aspirations   of   the   Jewish   religion.   In   the   Wall   the   Jewish   around   the   world   have   been   visiting   the   Western   Wall—to   people  see  not  only  their  past  but  their  hopes  for  the  future.   pray,   to   discover   their   roots,   and   to   dream   of   the   long-­‐lost   Jews   of   all   walks   of   life   pray   daily   at   the   Western   Wall;   days  of   the  Temple.  Above   all  else,   they  pray  for  peace  and   a   businessmen  and  beggars,   religious  and  secular  alike.   Many   world  redeemed  by  their  Messiah. leave   notes  in   crevices  of  the  wall,   begging  for  their  heart’s   desires,   whether   they   are   for   the   recovery   of   a   family   Today’s   Orthodox   Jews   consider   themselves   to   be   in   exile,   member   from   a   deadly   illness,   for   spiritual   enlightenment,   even  those  who  live   in  Jerusalem  itself.   Without  the  Temple,   or  for  the  ultimate  redemption  from  exile.
  • 12. Jews   believe   that   the   Divine   Presence   rests   on   the   Western   Wall   was   once   one   of   these   support   walls,   but   its   main   Wall,   as   it   once   rested  within  the   Holy   Temple.   Therefore   if   distinction   is   that   it   was   the   wall   that   was   nearest   the   someone  has  not  visited  the  Wall  for  30  days,  they  are  bidden   Temple’s  Holy  of  Holies,  home  of  the  Divine  Presence. to   tear   their   clothes   in   mourning   when   they   at   last   return.   For   centuries,   Jews   endured   hardship   and   persecution   in   (The  tearing  of  one’s  garments  is  a  frequent  sign  of  mourning   order  to  pray   at   the  Western   Wall,   since   it   was   not   in   their   in  Judaism.) control.   It   was   only   after   the   Six   Day   War  in   1967   that   the    The  Wall  was  built  by  King  Herod,  who  in   37   A.D.   renovated   Jews  obtained  control  of  the  Western  Wall,   for   the  Cirst  time   the   Second   Temple   by   Clattening   the   peaks   of   the   Temple   in  thousands  of  years. Mount   and   building   support   walls   around   it.   The   Western  
  • 13. The  Western  Wall  Tunnels The   Western   Wall   as   visitors   know   it   is   only   a   piece—the   full   wall,  built   by  King  Herod,  extends  all   along  the  Temple   Mount,   but   until   recently   it   was   concealed   from   view.   Ancient   mysteries   lie   just   beneath   the   surface   of   the   Old   City   stones.   While   the   Old   City   of   Jerusalem   carries   evocative  echoes  of  the  past,   the  most  intriguing  part  of  the   city  is  underground.  The  excavations  along  the  length  of  the   Western   Wall   have   uncovered   many   treasures   from   Jerusalem’s   most  distant  past,  and   provide  clues  to  its  many   mysteries.   Layer  upon   layer  of   carved  stone   tells   thousands   of  years  of  a  story. Discovering  the  Western  Wall  Tunnels The  Cirst  excavations   along  the  Western   Wall  were   begun  in   the   nineteenth   century   by   the   British   archaeologists   Charles  Wilson  and  Charles  Warren.  After  the  conclusion  of   the   Six   Day   War,   Israel’s   Ministry   of   Religious   Affairs   spearheaded   an   excavation  of  the  entire  Western  Wall.  This   complicated   process   was   undertaken   with   the   help   of   engineers,  to  make  sure  that  the  walls  did  not  collapse.   To   this   day,   the   expertise   of   engineers   accompanies   each   step   of   the   delicate   excavation   process,   which   includes   making   the   tunnels   visitor-­‐friendly,   handicap   accessible,   and   air-­‐conditioned,   while   still   maintaining   the   original   condition  of  the  site.
  • 14. These   streets   were   transformed   into   tunnels   after   the   Muslim   conquest   of   Jerusalem,   when   the   Muslims   decided  to  link  the   two  higher  parts  of   the  city  above  the   valley  in  between.  Thus  they  built  arches  over  the  streets,   turning   them   into   tunnels,   and   put   them   to   use   as   cisterns  and  sewage  tunnels.   Above,   the   sunny   Old   City   is   bustling   with   visitors,   markets,  and  children   at  play.   Below,  history  lies  in  wait,   whispering  its  secrets  to  passersby  in  the  darkness. Secrets  of  the  Western  Wall  Tunnels It  is  only  in  the  tunnels  that  the  streets  of  thousands  of  years   ago,   in   their   original   form,   still   endure   in   Jerusalem.   Archaeologists  have   found   a   marketplace  in  the   tunnels  that   they   estimate   was   in   use   during   the   time   of   the   Second   Temple,   and   possibly   even   earlier.   The   carved   stone   passageways   date   back   to   Herodian   and   the   even   earlier   Hasmonean  periods. Stones   weighing   more  than  500  tons  (the  weight   of  about  70   elephants)   form   the   foundation   of   the   Western   Wall.   It   is   possible   now   to  see,  from  markings  on  the  stones,  that  they   were   transported   through   means   of   technology   that   was   remarkably  complex  for  the  period.
  • 15. The  Old  City Here  it   is:  the  place  where  it   all  began,  and  the  focal   point   of   an  intense,   passionate  spirituality   that   has   endured  for  eons.   The   heat   of   the   sun   glancing   from   the   pale   stones   seems   a   living   metaphor   for   the   searing   Clames   of   faith.   But   there   is   another   facet   of  the  Old  City  beyond  the  requisite  holy   sites:   its  beating   pulse,  embodied  in  the  people   who  have   chosen   to   make  their  lives  at  the  center  of  the  vortex. By   and   large,   most   people   who   live   in   the   Old   City   are   devoutly   religious,  and  have  become  accustomed   to  living  in   a   Cishbowl.  But  what  is  really  going  on  in   the  fabric  of  daily  life,   First,  explore  the  colorful   Arab  market,  rife  with  the  loud   here  in  the  contentious  center  of  three  faiths? cries   of   bargaining   and   the   thick   scents   of   Middle   Eastern  spices.   (Without   a  guide,   it’s  best   to  keep  to  the   main   market   streets.)   But   beyond   this   market   that   is   mostly   aimed   at   tourists,   there   are   signs   of   an   independent   world.   Notice   the   grafCiti   on   facades   of   many  Arab  homes:  these  symbols  tell  a  story.   An   Arab   who   has   completed   the  Haj,   the  journey   to  the   Muslim  holy   cities   Mecca  and   Medina,  returns   and  paints   a   symbolic   account   of   his   journey   on   the   wall   of   his   home,  by  way  of  announcement.     In   the   Jewish   Quarter,   visit   the   Roman   arcade   of   the   Cardo,   now   enlivened   with   bustling   shops.   Israeli   shoppers  think   nothing  of  the  fact   that  they  are  strolling   on   an   authentic   Roman   street,   where   Cigures   out   of   history  once  walked  and  shopped.  
  • 16. In   the   courtyard  near  the  Cardo,   hear  the  melodic   chanting  of   ultra-­‐Orthodox  schoolchildren,  learning  to  read  the  Scriptures   from  an  early  age.  All  morning  the  chanting  goes  on,  becoming   one  with  the  other  sounds  of  the  Jewish  Quarter:  wind  chimes,   children   playing,   the   rushing   sound   of   Quarter   residents   watering  their  roof   gardens.   A   rooftop  view   of   Jewish  Quarter   homes   reveals   a   wild   array   of   color   and   greenery   that   is   invisible  from  the  street.     The   best   way   to   experience   the   Jewish   Quarter   is   in   the   evening,   when   residents   are   at   home   and   tourists   have   evacuated   to   their   hotels.   Quiet   settles   in   the   tangled   streets,   and   the   blossoms   of   night-­‐blooming   jasmine   begin   to   release   their   seductive  scent   into  the  air.   The  emergence  of  the  moon   lights   your   way,   joining   with   the   rosy   light   of   windows.   Discover   hidden   archways,   spiraling   stairways   that   descend   into  secret  levels.   Find  the  shortcuts  that   the  residents  know  by   heart,  and   arrive  at  last  at  a  breathtaking  view  of  the  Western   Wall,  gleaming  against  the  night. For   the   most   atmospheric   experience   of   all,   explore   the   Old   City  on   a  Saturday  evening.   In   the   Jewish  Quarter,   families  are   all   inside,   singing   the   melancholy   yet   hopeful   ballads   of   the   evening  Sabbath   meal.   And   then,   adding   to   the  singing   comes   the   chant   of   the   Muslim   muezzin,   the   call   to   evening   prayer.   The   church   bells   of   the   Christian   Quarter   begin   to   toll,   sonorous   in  the  dusk   stillness.   Three  voices  of  three  disparate   faiths  intertwining,   utterly  separate  yet  at   the  same  time  united   in  the  moment  here,  in  this  place.
  • 17. The  Christian  Quarter Today   the   Christian   Quarter   is   home   to   approximately   40   Christian   holy   sites,   with   the   Holy   Sepulchre   acting   as   the   was  killed.   Instead  it   was  revered   as  the  city  where  he  had   natural   epicenter.   In   the   fourth   century,   the   fortunes   of   lived  and  breathed.   Jerusalem   changed   irrevocably.   With   the   Emperor   The   Church   of  the   Holy  Sepulchre  was  built   to  the   glory   of   Constantine’s   uncovering   of   the  Holy   Sepulchre,   the   pagan   Christianity,   and   a   burgeoning   community   sprung   up   in   its   city   of   Aelia   Capitolina   became   holy   to   Christianity.   The   wake.   Constantine   and   his   mother   Helena   also   are   said   to   Christian   Quarter   in   Jerusalem’s   Old   City   is   an   evocative   have   discovered   the   True   Cross   upon   which   Jesus   was   monument  to   the  earliest   foundations  of  Christianity  in  the   cruciCied.   Jerusalem   became   a   pilgrim   destination   and   Holy  City. central  holy  city  of  Christianity  and  would  remain  so  forever   No  longer  a  pagan  city,  the   name   of  Jerusalem  was  restored.   after. No  longer  was  Jerusalem   accursed  as  the  place  where  Jesus  
  • 18. But   just   as   the   sanctity   of   the   place   was   ratcheted   up,   so   Today,   though   the   surrounding   country   has   changed   was   its   importance.   For   hundreds   of   years,   the   Church   of   tremendously,   very  little  has  fundamentally  changed  in  the   the   Holy   Sepulchre   was   the   center   of   a   maelstrom   of   Christian  Quarter  of  Jerusalem  over  hundreds  of  years. divisions   and   conClicts.   The   Persian   invasion   in   614   A.D.   cost   the  church   the   True  Cross  and   caused  Cire   damage   to    Just   as  they  did  in  centuries  past,  pilgrims  from  across  the   the  building.     globe   gather   here   to   follow   the   path   of   the   Via   Dolorosa.   They  walk   the  stone  streets   of  ancient  Jerusalem   and   bask   But  this  hardly  compares  to  the   events   of   1009  A.D.:  under   in   its   timeless   atmosphere.   And  just   as   in  centuries  past,   a   Muslim   rule,   the   church  was   destroyed   in   its   entirety.   The   Ciery   passion   ignites   the   air   in   this   place,   as   a   myriad   of   destruction   sent   a   ripple   effect   of   rage   and   dismay   emotions  and  beliefs  converge,  clash,  and  blend  in  a  choir  of   throughout   European   Christendom.   Nearly   a   century   later,   many  voices. Pope   Urban   II   could   channel   this   emotion   to   incite   the   Crusades.  
  • 19. The  Jewish  Quarter The   atmospheric  Jewish   Quarter  of   Jerusalem’s  Old   City   is   popular   with   tourists,   but   is   often   overlooked   as   a   neighborhood   with   a   thriving   Orthodox   Jewish   community.   Each   evocative   side   street   and  alleyway   is   not  far  from  a  window   or  a  door  of  someone’s  home—a   home  that  is  often  bursting  with  small  children.   Residents   of   the   Jewish   Quarter,   more   than   anywhere   else   in   Jerusalem,   see   themselves   as   the   keepers   of   a   sacred   tradition.   Their  observances  of   the  daily   rituals   of  Jewish  law  are  performed  against  the  backdrop  of  the   original  Holy  City.  They   live  steps  away   from  the  Temple   Mount,   the   holiest   site   in   Judaism,   and   the   pulsing   To  be  Jewish  in  the  oldest  part  of  Jerusalem  is  a  blessing  which   energy  of  the  Western  Wall.   many   residents   believe   is   a   fair   trade   for   the   many   inconveniences  of  living  at  the  center  of  a  tourist  attraction. There   has   been   almost   a   continual   Jewish   presence   in   the   Jewish   Quarter  since   the  8th   century   B.C.   Over  the   course   of   hundreds   of   years,   the   neighborhood   was   home   to   Jews   and   other  peoples  alike,   including  Turks,   Arabs  and  Christians.  The   Hurva   Synagogue,   which   is   now   undergoing   restoration,   was   the  central  synagogue  of  the  Old  City  for  hundreds  of  years.   In   1948,   the   Jordanians   invaded   the   Jewish   Quarter   and   bombed   the   Jewish   homes.   The   Jewish   residents   of   the   neighborhood   were   forced  to  Clee,  never  to  return  until   Israel   retook  the  Old  City  in  1967.
  • 20. Life  in  the  Jewish  Quarter nearly  impossible;   thus  residents  of  the  Jewish  Quarter  often   Living   in   the   Jewish   Quarter   is   in   itself   a   religious   feel  cut  off  from  the  rest  of  the  city.   experience,  because  every  aspect   of  life   is  affected  by   living   But   at   the   same   time,   there   is   a   reason   that   holidays   draw   at   the   center   of   Judaism.   The   quarter   is   regularly   mobbed   such   crowds:   from   the   festive   lights   of   Chanukah   to   the   with   tourists   of   every   description,   particularly   during   the   booths   of   Sukkot,   the   Jewish   Quarter   during   holidays   is   holidays.   During  such  times,  leaving  the  Old  City  by   vehicle  is   pervaded  with  an  atmosphere  of  intense  spirituality.    
  • 21. “In His Footsteps” from www.Jerusalem.com is licensed under CC. Concept & Design: Jack Reichert Editor: Ilana Teitelbaum Photos by Flash90