The transportation of people over the years was an integral part of their daily lives. For this reason, the first efforts to manufacture a car began in the 18th century. Over the years, the industries were constructing more and more modern cars to offer the people easy and comfortable transportations. In recent years, the most known companies and universities perform research aiming to create autonomous vehicles, which will change the way traditional cars work. Some of the main problems that the technology of self-driving cars will contribute drastically, are the saving of significant time in people’s daily lives, the reduction of road accidents and consequently the safer transportations, the contribution to fuel economy and the reduction of environment’s pollution. To date, a fully autonomous vehicle has not yet been constructed, which operates without any human intervention. When this technology becomes a reality, the vehicle will have a full and precise perception of the external environment’s conditions, will make the right decisions every time, and will be able to exchange information with other vehicles to cooperate for better operation of the overall traffic. However, a lot of effort and research is demanded in the sector of autonomous driving to create a vehicle that successfully corresponds to numerous scenarios and conditions that occur inside the traffic. The implementation of such a system requires solving the problems of the external environment’s perception, the right behavior choice, and the safe and smooth transition to the final destination by obeying the traffic rules and avoiding dynamic and static obstacles. To solve the aforementioned problems, suitable equipment is needed that includes state-of-the-art sensors which will take as input the environment’s measurements. The measurements will be analyzed by a central processing unit and finally, the right decision will be taken. (continue in full text)