1.
How the Smart Underground Space could
help meet urban transport challenges?
Isam SHAHROUR
Professor in Civil Engineering and Smart Cities
https://fr.linkedin.com/in/ishahrour
WeChat ID: Ishahrour

2.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANTRANSPORT/Resources/chapter2.pdf
GNP : Gross National Product
Passengers Cars/1000 population
Economic development induces high increase in
car passengers

3.
Traffic jams is one of the major problems in large
and medium cities

4.
Traffic jams induces
• Huge time and economic lost
• Stress, anxiety and health deterioration
• Energy consumption
• Air pollution
• Greenhouse gas emission
• Insecurity,…

5.
Transport challenges: Energy consumption
US : 28% Europe : 33%

6.
Europe: 24%
Greenhouse gas emission
US : 27%

7.
Air pollution
WHO : 7 millions deaths /year

8.
The situation in low-income countries is more critical
• Security
• Social stability
• Economic development

9.
Why?
• High urban population growth
• Urban planning
• Lack in transport infrastructures
• Lack in infrastructure maintenance
• Infrastructures management

10.
What’s about the future?
Could we be optimistic ?

11.
ASIA
AFRICA
3 Billions
6 Billions
World population growth will continue

12.
Urban
Developing countries
Urban –
Developed countries
Rural
Developing countries
Urban population growth will continue

13.
City expansion will continue

14.
Infrastructure ageing is becoming critical
US (ASCE, 2013 report): GPA of infrastructure D+

15.
The sever economic crisis leads to a large cuts in
infrastructures investment
In 2012, the European Union’s total
investment in infrastructures amounted to
only €49 billion. In 2007, the EU spent €127
billion.
https://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-the-future/infrastructure-and-finance/project-finance-for-infrastructures-facts-and-forecasts.html

16.
We have to innovate to meet the increasing
challenges
Underground space Smart Technology

17.
Use of the Underground Space
No space in surface to
meet the transport
needs
The underground space
offers large possibilities
Multidimensional city
Focus Area of Underground Construction of the
European Construction Technology Platform.

18.
Use of the Underground Space
Tokyo underground: taking property development to new depths

19.
Use of the Underground Space
Hangzhou
Singapore

20.
Work construction (1861)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w
iki/History_of_rapid_transit
London Underground (1863)
Opening (1863)
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2
014/sep/10/-sp-history-metro-pictures-
london-underground-new-york-beijing-seoul

21.
New York: attempt to develop mass transit (1870)
Beach Pneumatic Transit system
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rapid_transit

22.
Construction, Rue de Rivoli, May, 1899
http://www.unjourdeplusaparis.com/en/paris-reportage/histoire-metro-paris
Paris Underground (1900)

23.
Underground Space hosts transport infrastructures

24.
Underground Space hosts parking

25.
Underground Space hosts logistic facilities

26.
Host urban utilities

27.
Use of the underground space - Helsinki
N. Bobylev / Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 55 (2016)
1998 2013 1998
2013

28.
Use of the underground space - Beijing
N. Bobylev / Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 55 (2016)
2006 2020 2006
2020

29.
N. Bobylev / Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 55 (2016)
Use of the underground space – Berlin

30.
We have an increasing use of the Underground Space,
But this use is still under the need and expectations,
because:
• Underground projects are complex (long term, high cost)
• Construction in existing cities is yet more complex
(technical, economical, environmental, legal,..)
• Funding – economic model
• Security and safety issues
Conclusion

31.
We need innovation
1) Underground master plan
Helsinki adopted an Underground Master plan as part of its urban
development policy.

32.
We need innovation
2) Economic model – funding
Funding opportunities :
- Local
- National
- Regional
- International
- Private sector
PPP: Public-private partnership
Colocation: service share and exploitation
Creation of new services

33.
3) Lifecycle management
Optimization of the efficiency and reduction of the global cost
Planning Design Construction Exploitation
We need innovation

34.
Confirmed by the report «Underground Engineering
for Sustainable Urban Development » :
• Committee on Underground Engineering for Sustainable
Development,
• Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,
• Board on Earth Sciences and Resources Division on Earth and
Life Studies National Research Council
4) Sustainability
Integration of the environmental, social and economic returns
We need innovation

35.
5) Resiliency
Embracing the resiliency strategy allows to reduce the impact of
natural, industrial and “human-made” disasters
We need innovation

36.
6) Interaction with users – collective intelligence
We need innovation

37.
7) Smart Technology
Allows a comprehensive and knowledge-based management of the
underground space ..
We need innovation

38.
• Smart City
• Smart Grid
• Smart Nation
• Smart People
• Smart Health
• Smart Education
Smart Technology
• Smart Water
• Smart Energy
• Smart manufacturing
• Intelligent Transportation
• Smart Health
• Smart Education

39.
Smart Technology
What is this technology ?
How it could be used in the Underground space?

40.
Internet
Réseaux Sociaux
Digital Technology

41.
Mart sensors
• Measure
• Analyze
• Communicate
• act
Digital Technology

42.
BigData & data analysis, expert system,..

43.
Augmented and virtual realities

44.
Use of drone in structure and environment inspection

45.
3D Printer revolution

46.
Application of the digital technology to the
City management
“Smart City”

47.
Real-time
Store
Analyze
Learn
Real time control
Optimal control

48.
Technology Collective Intelligence

49.
Health, Education
Art, Culture
Data

50.
Health, Education
Art, Culture
BIG DATA
digital, images,
movies, audios
Data

51.
Use of the smart technology in transport

52.
Future use of the smart technology in transport

53.
System performances
System Security
Users involvement
Resiliency
The Smart
Technology
improves

54.
Application of the digital technology to
the Underground space management
“Smart Underground Space”
Transformation into a
Smart Space ?

55.
• Improves the space management
• Increases the safety
• Reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission
• Improves life quality
• Allows development of new services
Experience with Smart City project shows that “Smart
Underground Space”:

56.
Smart Underground System
1) Data Collection
Information System
2) Data Analysis
• Engineering
• Social
• Economic,
• Environmental
• Security
• Management
• Machine
Learning
4) Graphic display
• Technical staff
• Administrative
staff
• Emergency
• Users
• Policy-makers
3) Command
• System regulation
• Alerts
• Change in
technical process
• Change in
Management
method

57.
information
system
Planning Design
Construction
Exploitation
Commissioning
End of life

58.
Underground Space Information System
Geo-localized, time and cost data

59.
Underground Space Information System
Geo-localized, time and cost data

60.
Underground Space Information System
Geo-localized, time and cost data

61.
1) Smart technology enables Lifecycle approach
Planning Design Construction Exploitation
• Urban environment
• Subsoil (preliminary studies and
investigations)
• Data from soil excavation
• Specific soil exploration
• Soil treatment
• Soil and Structure movement
• Hydraulic parameters
• Exploitation data
• Energy, water, air quality
• Safety
• Maintenance
• Surveillance
• Advanced soil exploration (geophysics, field
exploration, laboratory tests, hydraulic)
• Output (AutoCad, BIM, plans, charts,..)

62.
Planing Design Construction Exploitation
• Urban planning
• Geo- environmental
• Use of green technology
• Reduction of water and energy
consumption
• Prevention of soil, water and
air pollution
• Treatment of excavated soil
• Reduction of Energy and Water
Consumption
• Air Quality
• Local Energy production
• Construction process
• Excavated soil re-use
• Impact on the subsoil and water
• Energy and water consumption
2) Smart technology sustainability implementation

63.
Planing Design Construction Exploitation
• Identification of the safety
challenges (Indicators)
• Integration of safety and
resilience
• Identification of the safety and
resilience challenges (Indicators)
• Monitoring of the soil-structure
movement and hydraulic parameters
• Interpretation of the excavation
parameters
• Use of historical and real – time data
for safe and optimal management of
the excavation process.
• Identification of the safety and
resilience challenges (Indicators)
• Real-time Monitoring of the space
and equipment
• Real-time control of the
equipment
• Decision based on real-time and
historical data
• Identification of the safety and
resilience challenges (Indicators)
• Integration of the Smart
Technology in the safety issue …
Real-time supervision and
équipement control
3) Smart Technology enables resiliency and risk management

64.
Implementation of the Smart System
Designation of a Smart System Team with multidisciplinary skills
Smart System
Team
Digital
technology
Data mining
and analysis
Civil -
geotechnical
engineering
Mechanical
and electrical
engineering,
Security
Management

65.
Planning Design Construction Exploitation
• Data collection and transfer to
the Information system
• Use of Data for the control of
the excavation process and
environment
• Performance analysis
• Share of information
• Data collection and transfer to the IS
• Use of Data for the control of the
equipment, devices, environment
• Performance analysis
• Share of Data
• Users information
• Identification of parameters to be
followed and controlled
• Design of the monitoring system
• Design of the Information System
• Design of the control system
• Construction of the Smart Platform
(GIS, BIM, CIM,…)
Smart System for underground space
Work to conduct at each step

66.
Conclusion
• Urban transport is a major concern for cities all around the
world
• It is expected to become more critical, if we do not undertake
major infrastructures projects
We need also major innovations in:
- Urban planning
- Technology
- Management
- Economic model

67.
Conclusion
The underground space is a major part of the solution for the
Urban Transport Challenges.
The “Smart Underground Space” concept helps in developing an
inclusive system, that enhances:
• The integration of the underground system in urban transport
• The efficiency of the Underground System
• The “safety” and resiliency
• The interaction with users and their involvement in the system
management

68.
Conclusion
We need to start with pilot projects: New
projects or/and exiting underground space