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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1527
Effect of Dumping on Geotechnical Properties of Soil: A Review
Geeta Batham
Assistant Professor, Dept. of civil Engineering, UIT-RGPV Bhopal, MP, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Management and disposal of municipal solid
waste (msw) is one of the major environment problem in
Indian cities the currentpracticesoftheuncontrolleddumping
of waste on the outside of the town /cities have created a
severe environment and public health problems. Thedumping
of municipal solid waste case change in the geotechnical
properties of the soil and ground water .the focus of the
present study is to study the previous research methodology
and find out the changes in index properties symptoms
character hydraulic conductivity and shear strength
properties of soil , this observation change in geotechnical
properties maybe useful to carrying out he land development
and water quality assessment activistinordertomeettheland
requirement in urban area the information in this regards is
also useful to start further research in this article .
Key Words: Dumping, municipal solid waste, liquid limit,
plastic limit, optimum moisture content, maximum dry
density.
1. INTRODUCTION
The quantum of municipal solid waste generated is
enormous and keeps increasing every year, in metro cities
about 50,000 tonnes per day. A concise database containing
the estimates on the generation and collection ofsolidwaste
s seldom maintained. Studies carried out by NEERI indicate
that the per capita generation rate kg/capita/day. The
estimated annual increase in per capita generation of solid
trip and number of trips made per day. The generated
municipal solid waste ncludes residential, commercial, and
industrial and hospital waste. They constitute both
biodegradable and non biodegradable material like food
waste, industrial and commercial plastic, timber, steel, rags
and textiles, paper, rubber etc.
The two issues related to the dumping of municipal solid
waste are the availability of landfordumpingandreclaiming
the dumping siteforfuturedevelopment.Limitedavailability
of land encourages the uncontrolled dumping waste, on the
outskirts of the city causing a serious environmental and
public health hazard. The quantity of soil waste generated
scarce availability of land and the pollutioncausedtothe soil
and groundwater makes the management of municipal solid
waste a major challenge in dense urban environment.
2. EARLIER INVESTGATION & SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
It is widely recognized that dumping of municipal solid
waste on ground has many disadvantages. Uncontrolled
dumping results in severe environment and public health
problems. It affects geotechnical properties of soil and
water. Many studies have been conducted to find the change
in index properties, strength propertiesandotherproperties
of soil due to dumping at leachate and near by areas. In this
paper an effort has been made to review the work already
done in the field. So that beginner can easily understand
effect of dumping on soil properties and start further
research in this particular area
3. NOTEWORTHY CONTRIBUTIONS TO
INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF DUMPING ON
GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL.
Many studies have been carried out to evaluate effect of
dumping. The brief literature reviews of the latest studies
are as follows.
Obbot EEssien et. al, reported that soil at old dumpsiteuyo,
excavate to 2m depth shows that liquid limit showed similar
value of both sample but plastic limit showed significance
different with respect to nearby dump site .
Adamu umar Chinadi et al reported gradual decrease in the
unwind strengthofspecimenpermittedwithMSWmunicipal
solid waste leachate influence the soil properties which
consequently affect the satisfactory performance of sample.
M.A.N Anikni ninvestigated the soil sample for urban
agriculture. Author found physio chemical properties and
productivity of soil is affected by antinomies uncontrolled
dumping of municipal waste.
A run kumar Mehta collected soils sample from dump site in
pre-monsoon and post monsoons conditions. Author
reported that PH value of soil sample collected in post
monsoon season was found to be sympatheticmorethanthe
pre mansions sample availability of phosphorus and
potassium was found to be more in control soil sample than
dump site sample.
Evangalin rum anisinj at et. al, collected soil sample from
dumping near by areas and control area. Author Reported
specific gravity of soil sample of nearby area wasfoundto be
significantly lower than that of central sampleswhichshows
pressure of organic content in the soil Author also reported
increase in plasticity of soil due to dumping.
Salmatou abdu mahamanu investigated the presence of
metals in the urban soil .Author reported that presence of
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1528
heavy metal in soil has an import on the environmental and
human health.
M yazdani et. al reported that opens dumping is an
important causes of soil and land degradation in Iran city.
Amadi A N , et al. , investigated properties of soil sample
from dump site and non dump site (control soil samples )
author found mean concentration of manganese, lead ,iron ,
PH and bacteria were found to be higher in dump site.
N Raman et.al. Studied the impart of solid waste on ground
water near to. Solid wastelandfill soil in Chennai. Author
reported pH value of waters samples varies from 5.24 to
6.59 not suitable for drinking.
Pillai sufi et.al investigated the property of soil near solid
waste disposal situ in Kerala author renew that specific
gravity and plastic limit increase in addition of leachate
wherever the hydraulic conductivity and plastic limit
decreased.
Hague lu st.al. investigated the adsorption capacity and
geotechnical properties of modifying clay containing SSA
USD as landfill soil material in China. Study reveals that the
modified clay containing SSA can meet the anti seepage and
strength requirement of landfill.
G.M Ayininuloa examined the impact of leachate from
decomposed soil sample at Nigeria .Authorreportedthatthe
soil properties such as CBR and shear strength at dump site
was found better.
4. SIGNIFICANTOBSERVATIONSONPERFORMANCE
CHARACTERSTICS OF CONCRETE REINFORCED
WITH HUMAN HAIR.
Nausea st.al. (2011) investigatedthe effectofleachateonsoil
below the landfill with respect to pH,OMC,MDD and
unconfined comprehensive strength properties. Author
collected distributed sample of various depth from both
conditions within the site and outside the site .Author
conclude the change in geotechnical properties of the soil
differ with the increase in depth because of the few
important reason such as effect of leachate, no. Of year of
dumping MSW height of MSW dumped and the type of
material dumped.
Must alhassion (2012) et. al studied the effect of MSW on
geotechnical properties of soil sample taken from the trial
pits of depth 0.5,1.0 and 1.5m were used for investigation
two third pits located around the dump site to serve as
control point and while the third trial pit located within
dump site to serve as contaminated soil, soil sample
collecting wee subjected to specific gravity natural moisture
content, particle size analysis, consistency compaction,
permeability, triaxial and consolidated tests.
Author reported MSW lower the specificgravityincreasethe
natural moisture content, inverse the fine particle content
lower the maximum dry densitywithhigherOMCbothlower
the cohesion and angle of internal friction increase the
coefficients of permeable coefficient of consolidation and
coefficient of volumes compressionofsoiledwiththedepths.
5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse and
compile the effect of municipal solid waste on geotechnical
properties of soil. The following conclusion hasbeenarrived
on the basis of research papers reviewed here
1. The specific gravity in the sample is slightly lower
than that of central sample showing the presenceof
organic content in the soil.
2. As per IS classification system, the samples are
classified as sandy silt (SM). But it is observed that
the dumping has increased the plasticity of soil
sample.
3. It was found that generally Municipal solid waste
increases theoptimummoisturecontentandlowers
the maximum dry density.
4. The compressibility of the soil samples shows a
significant increase with an increase in swell index
properties and consolidation settlement.
5. Municipal solid waste also lowers the angle of
internal friction, increases the coefficient of
consolidation and coefficient of volume of
compressibility of the soil.
REFERENCES
[1] International research journal of engineering and
technology, Vol. 2 feb 2013, Obbot E Essien.
[2] International research journal of engineering and
technology, vol 4 june 2017, Adam Umar Chinade et al
[3] Elseviere science limited, 83 (2002) 241-250, M. A. N.
Ankiwe.
[4] Article of central pollution control board, December
2015, Arun kumar Mehta.
[5] E. J. G. E., Vol. 4, Novemeber 2015, Evangalin Rum anisuj
at ha. et. al.
[6] Solid Earth, Vol. 6, 2015, M Yazdani et al.
[7] Solid Earth, Vol 7 2016, D. Adamcora et al.
[8] American Journal of chemistry, 2012: 2 (1), Amadia N et
al.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1529
[9] Journal of king Saud University Science, 2014, 2, 59-65.,
Syeda Maria et. al.
[10] Ranayan journal of chemistry, Vol. no. 4 (2008), 828-83,
N. Raman et. al.
[11] International conference on Biological Science, 2017.,
Pillai Sruti at. al.
[12] Journal of chemistry, Volume 2015, Haiyun Lu et al
[13] IOSR Journal of mechanical and civil engineering. Vol
2014, G. M. Ayiniuola.
[14] Central road research institute Delhi, vol 2,59-65,2014.
[15] “Characterization of leachate and groundwatersamples
at MSW dumps of Raiput Town. Anit aggrawal et al.
2011.
[16] The effect of municipal solid waste on geotechnical
properties of soil, Musa Alhassan 2012.
[17] The effect of leachate on soil below the landfill with
respect to pH, Poptimum moisture content, maximum
dry density, and unconfined compressive strength,
Nanda et al. 2011.
[18] Geotechnical propertiesof municipal solidwaste,landfill
in Chingmai, Second international conference on
problematic soils, ChitehaiAnantasechDecember.2006.
[19] “Effect of distellary waste on seed germination“, Indian
Journal of Environmental Engineering health,vol.30no.
4, Renurani MM, Srivastav and I. P. Saxena, 1999.
[20] Pollution of soil by agricultural and industrial waste,
Centre for soil and Agroclimate research and
development Bogor, DiahSetyorini, TiniPrihatini and
undangkuria, Indonatia Report, 2002.
[21] Influence of industrial waste on Physiochemical
properties of soil and germination and Mineral
Composition of Wheat, B. D. Tripathi, R. K. Dwivedi and
Anamika Tripathi, vol 49, 1990.
[22] Geotechnical properties of municipal Sewages Sludge.,
Geotechnical nad geological engineering journal, O’
Keeley, vol 24 no. 4, August 2006,

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IRJET- Effect of Dumping on Geotechnical Properties of Soil: A Review

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1527 Effect of Dumping on Geotechnical Properties of Soil: A Review Geeta Batham Assistant Professor, Dept. of civil Engineering, UIT-RGPV Bhopal, MP, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Management and disposal of municipal solid waste (msw) is one of the major environment problem in Indian cities the currentpracticesoftheuncontrolleddumping of waste on the outside of the town /cities have created a severe environment and public health problems. Thedumping of municipal solid waste case change in the geotechnical properties of the soil and ground water .the focus of the present study is to study the previous research methodology and find out the changes in index properties symptoms character hydraulic conductivity and shear strength properties of soil , this observation change in geotechnical properties maybe useful to carrying out he land development and water quality assessment activistinordertomeettheland requirement in urban area the information in this regards is also useful to start further research in this article . Key Words: Dumping, municipal solid waste, liquid limit, plastic limit, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density. 1. INTRODUCTION The quantum of municipal solid waste generated is enormous and keeps increasing every year, in metro cities about 50,000 tonnes per day. A concise database containing the estimates on the generation and collection ofsolidwaste s seldom maintained. Studies carried out by NEERI indicate that the per capita generation rate kg/capita/day. The estimated annual increase in per capita generation of solid trip and number of trips made per day. The generated municipal solid waste ncludes residential, commercial, and industrial and hospital waste. They constitute both biodegradable and non biodegradable material like food waste, industrial and commercial plastic, timber, steel, rags and textiles, paper, rubber etc. The two issues related to the dumping of municipal solid waste are the availability of landfordumpingandreclaiming the dumping siteforfuturedevelopment.Limitedavailability of land encourages the uncontrolled dumping waste, on the outskirts of the city causing a serious environmental and public health hazard. The quantity of soil waste generated scarce availability of land and the pollutioncausedtothe soil and groundwater makes the management of municipal solid waste a major challenge in dense urban environment. 2. EARLIER INVESTGATION & SCOPE OF THE STUDY It is widely recognized that dumping of municipal solid waste on ground has many disadvantages. Uncontrolled dumping results in severe environment and public health problems. It affects geotechnical properties of soil and water. Many studies have been conducted to find the change in index properties, strength propertiesandotherproperties of soil due to dumping at leachate and near by areas. In this paper an effort has been made to review the work already done in the field. So that beginner can easily understand effect of dumping on soil properties and start further research in this particular area 3. NOTEWORTHY CONTRIBUTIONS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF DUMPING ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL. Many studies have been carried out to evaluate effect of dumping. The brief literature reviews of the latest studies are as follows. Obbot EEssien et. al, reported that soil at old dumpsiteuyo, excavate to 2m depth shows that liquid limit showed similar value of both sample but plastic limit showed significance different with respect to nearby dump site . Adamu umar Chinadi et al reported gradual decrease in the unwind strengthofspecimenpermittedwithMSWmunicipal solid waste leachate influence the soil properties which consequently affect the satisfactory performance of sample. M.A.N Anikni ninvestigated the soil sample for urban agriculture. Author found physio chemical properties and productivity of soil is affected by antinomies uncontrolled dumping of municipal waste. A run kumar Mehta collected soils sample from dump site in pre-monsoon and post monsoons conditions. Author reported that PH value of soil sample collected in post monsoon season was found to be sympatheticmorethanthe pre mansions sample availability of phosphorus and potassium was found to be more in control soil sample than dump site sample. Evangalin rum anisinj at et. al, collected soil sample from dumping near by areas and control area. Author Reported specific gravity of soil sample of nearby area wasfoundto be significantly lower than that of central sampleswhichshows pressure of organic content in the soil Author also reported increase in plasticity of soil due to dumping. Salmatou abdu mahamanu investigated the presence of metals in the urban soil .Author reported that presence of
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1528 heavy metal in soil has an import on the environmental and human health. M yazdani et. al reported that opens dumping is an important causes of soil and land degradation in Iran city. Amadi A N , et al. , investigated properties of soil sample from dump site and non dump site (control soil samples ) author found mean concentration of manganese, lead ,iron , PH and bacteria were found to be higher in dump site. N Raman et.al. Studied the impart of solid waste on ground water near to. Solid wastelandfill soil in Chennai. Author reported pH value of waters samples varies from 5.24 to 6.59 not suitable for drinking. Pillai sufi et.al investigated the property of soil near solid waste disposal situ in Kerala author renew that specific gravity and plastic limit increase in addition of leachate wherever the hydraulic conductivity and plastic limit decreased. Hague lu st.al. investigated the adsorption capacity and geotechnical properties of modifying clay containing SSA USD as landfill soil material in China. Study reveals that the modified clay containing SSA can meet the anti seepage and strength requirement of landfill. G.M Ayininuloa examined the impact of leachate from decomposed soil sample at Nigeria .Authorreportedthatthe soil properties such as CBR and shear strength at dump site was found better. 4. SIGNIFICANTOBSERVATIONSONPERFORMANCE CHARACTERSTICS OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH HUMAN HAIR. Nausea st.al. (2011) investigatedthe effectofleachateonsoil below the landfill with respect to pH,OMC,MDD and unconfined comprehensive strength properties. Author collected distributed sample of various depth from both conditions within the site and outside the site .Author conclude the change in geotechnical properties of the soil differ with the increase in depth because of the few important reason such as effect of leachate, no. Of year of dumping MSW height of MSW dumped and the type of material dumped. Must alhassion (2012) et. al studied the effect of MSW on geotechnical properties of soil sample taken from the trial pits of depth 0.5,1.0 and 1.5m were used for investigation two third pits located around the dump site to serve as control point and while the third trial pit located within dump site to serve as contaminated soil, soil sample collecting wee subjected to specific gravity natural moisture content, particle size analysis, consistency compaction, permeability, triaxial and consolidated tests. Author reported MSW lower the specificgravityincreasethe natural moisture content, inverse the fine particle content lower the maximum dry densitywithhigherOMCbothlower the cohesion and angle of internal friction increase the coefficients of permeable coefficient of consolidation and coefficient of volumes compressionofsoiledwiththedepths. 5. CONCLUSIONS In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse and compile the effect of municipal solid waste on geotechnical properties of soil. The following conclusion hasbeenarrived on the basis of research papers reviewed here 1. The specific gravity in the sample is slightly lower than that of central sample showing the presenceof organic content in the soil. 2. As per IS classification system, the samples are classified as sandy silt (SM). But it is observed that the dumping has increased the plasticity of soil sample. 3. It was found that generally Municipal solid waste increases theoptimummoisturecontentandlowers the maximum dry density. 4. The compressibility of the soil samples shows a significant increase with an increase in swell index properties and consolidation settlement. 5. Municipal solid waste also lowers the angle of internal friction, increases the coefficient of consolidation and coefficient of volume of compressibility of the soil. REFERENCES [1] International research journal of engineering and technology, Vol. 2 feb 2013, Obbot E Essien. [2] International research journal of engineering and technology, vol 4 june 2017, Adam Umar Chinade et al [3] Elseviere science limited, 83 (2002) 241-250, M. A. N. Ankiwe. [4] Article of central pollution control board, December 2015, Arun kumar Mehta. [5] E. J. G. E., Vol. 4, Novemeber 2015, Evangalin Rum anisuj at ha. et. al. [6] Solid Earth, Vol. 6, 2015, M Yazdani et al. [7] Solid Earth, Vol 7 2016, D. Adamcora et al. [8] American Journal of chemistry, 2012: 2 (1), Amadia N et al.
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1529 [9] Journal of king Saud University Science, 2014, 2, 59-65., Syeda Maria et. al. [10] Ranayan journal of chemistry, Vol. no. 4 (2008), 828-83, N. Raman et. al. [11] International conference on Biological Science, 2017., Pillai Sruti at. al. [12] Journal of chemistry, Volume 2015, Haiyun Lu et al [13] IOSR Journal of mechanical and civil engineering. Vol 2014, G. M. Ayiniuola. [14] Central road research institute Delhi, vol 2,59-65,2014. [15] “Characterization of leachate and groundwatersamples at MSW dumps of Raiput Town. Anit aggrawal et al. 2011. [16] The effect of municipal solid waste on geotechnical properties of soil, Musa Alhassan 2012. [17] The effect of leachate on soil below the landfill with respect to pH, Poptimum moisture content, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength, Nanda et al. 2011. [18] Geotechnical propertiesof municipal solidwaste,landfill in Chingmai, Second international conference on problematic soils, ChitehaiAnantasechDecember.2006. [19] “Effect of distellary waste on seed germination“, Indian Journal of Environmental Engineering health,vol.30no. 4, Renurani MM, Srivastav and I. P. Saxena, 1999. [20] Pollution of soil by agricultural and industrial waste, Centre for soil and Agroclimate research and development Bogor, DiahSetyorini, TiniPrihatini and undangkuria, Indonatia Report, 2002. [21] Influence of industrial waste on Physiochemical properties of soil and germination and Mineral Composition of Wheat, B. D. Tripathi, R. K. Dwivedi and Anamika Tripathi, vol 49, 1990. [22] Geotechnical properties of municipal Sewages Sludge., Geotechnical nad geological engineering journal, O’ Keeley, vol 24 no. 4, August 2006,