The document summarizes several main service delivery models for water and sanitation services in Ghana: 1) Utility management - run by Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) 2) Private management - operated by independent private providers 3) Community management - communities own and manage their own systems, including community ownership and management (COM) and water and sanitation boards (WSDB) models.

1. Service delivery models in Ghana
Marieke Adank
Water and sanitation services that last September 2012

2. Service Delivery Models in Ghana
Self
supply
Utility Private
Community management
Main service delivery models
management management
Intermediate private
providers
Community Ownership and
Independent Other CM models
private providers
Management (COM)
CWSA Water Urban
CWSA Small town point Health Bulk
source supply
Centre
Service level
High Basis Basic High High Basic Basic Basic Basic
Systems
Small
Holding Single Water Holding
GWCL Water town bulk Multi town Hand
tank with towns Health tank with
system tanker water system pump
standpipe system Centre standpipe
supply
Management
model
Management Management Company- Urban
Utility Direct WSDB
by water by ttanker WATSAN community Water
management vendor operator WSDB with PO
partnership Board
2 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

3. Enabling environment
Policy, legislation, sector
Policy and normative harmonization and coordination,
setting standards In-direct support costs
functions
Capacity support
Service authority
Implementation of Capex / CapManEx /
infrastructural projects Costs of capital
Service authority
Planning, regulation,
functions coordination, oversight
Direct support costs
Direct post-construction
support
Service provider Operation and minor
Service provider
functions maintenance costs
Water use Water user tariff
4 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

4. WATSAN management
CWSA Regional
Enabling environment
office
Service authority MMDA
Service provision (corporate Watsan
oversight)
Daily submission
of revenues
Service provision (operations) Water
Area Mechanic
vendors Payment for service
Pay as
you fetch
Reports
Money flows
Standpost clients
(S)Elects representatives
6 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

5. Direct WSDB management
CWSA Regional
Enabling environment
office
Authority functions MMDA
Monthly transfer
WSDB of revenues
Watsan
Service provision (Corporate
oversight) Daily submission
of revenues
Service provision (Operations) Water vendors
Operating staff 20% commission
Artisan /company
Monthly Pay as
Reports water bills you fetch
Money flows
Clients with HH
(S)Elects representatives Standpost clients
connection
7 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

6. WSDB management with delegated operations
CWSA Regional
Enabling environment
office
Service authority
MMDA
15% to replacement
and rehabilitation
account
Service provision WSDB Watsan
(corporate oversight)
10% to sanitation and
hygiene account
Service provision Private operator Water vendor
O&M account: 75% of
(Operations) revenues
(keeps 20% of income)
Monthly Pay as
5 year O&M contract agreement water bills you fetch
Reports
Clients with HH
Money flows Standpost clients
(S)Elects representatives connection
8 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

7. WSDB
Utility Direct WSDB Private
management WATSAN
management management provider
with PO
MWRWH / Universities / CONIWAS / GSB
Enabling
environment
CWSA CWSA CWSA
PURC
Authority
GWCL
functions
MMDA MMDA MMDA
Service provision
– Corporate WSDB
oversight
GUWC WSDB WATSAN PS
Private
Service provision
Operator
- Operations PS AM
10 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011

8. Which service delivery model where?
11 Water and Sanitation Services That Last October 2011