PHP, Under The Hood - DPC
Jun. 7, 2013•0 likes•23,039 views
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PHP is one of the most popular open source programming languages in the world. It powers some of the highest traffic sites in the world, and at the same time it powers some of the lowest traffic sites in the world. But have you ever wondered how it works under the hood? Have you been overwelmed by the thought of looking at the C code that runs PHP? Well, this talk is for you! We're going to explore how PHP works under the hood, by looking at a PHP implementation of it: PHPPHP! Have you ever wondered what an OPCODE Cache is really doing? Have you ever wondered what a T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM is? Have you ever wondered why an interpreted languages has a compiler? We'll explore all of these topics, and more! And the best part of it all? You don't need to know C to understand the details! Using PHPPHP, we can explore the language details in a high level language, where things like memory management don't get in the way of the real content. If you've ever wanted to know how PHP works, this is the talk for you!
Anthony FerraraFollow
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PHP, Under The Hood - DPC
- 1. PHP Under The Hood
- 2. What Is PHP? ● An Easy To Learn Language? ○ Sure! ● A Simple Language? ○ Usually ● A Well Designed Language? ○ HA! ● An Effective Language! ○ Absolutely!
- 4. PHP Is... Dynamically Typed
- 5. $a = 1; $b = "a";
- 6. PHP Is... Weak Typed
- 7. 1 + "1b" == 2
- 8. PHP Is... Implementation Defined
- 9. Implementations Main: C-PHP: www.php.net Alt: HipHop - Facebook Roadsend - Compiler Phalanger - .NET PHP Compiler - Compiler PHPPHP - PHP
- 11. Interesting Note: C-PHP Requires PHP To Compile!
- 12. PHP Is... Compiled
- 14. PHP Is... Dynamically Compiled On-Demand
- 16. It All Starts With The SAPI
- 17. SAPI ● Server API ● "Starts" PHP and issues request(s) ● Common SAPIs: ○ CLI ○ CGI (and FastCGI) ○ mod_php ○ FPM ○ etc...
- 18. Execution Pipeline
- 19. Execution Pipeline Start Up Request Shut Down SAPI
- 20. Execution Pipeline Start Up Request Shut Down SAPI Config Init Engine Init Module Init
- 21. Zend/zend.c
- 22. PHPPHP/PHP.php
- 23. Execution Pipeline Start Up Request Shut Down SAPI Module Shutdown Engine Shutdown
- 24. Zend/zend.c
- 25. Execution Pipeline Start Up Request Shut Down SAPI Request Init Compile Code Execute Code Request Shutdown
- 27. Compiler Pipeline Lexer
- 28. Lexer Step ● C-PHP ○ Tokenizes using RE2C ○ Produces Array of Tokens ● PHPPHP ○ Uses core tokenizer (or emulative) ○ PHPParser Powered
- 29. Zend/zend_language_scanner.l
- 30. PHPParser/Lexer/Emulative.php
- 31. Compiler Pipeline Lexer Parser
- 32. Parse Step ● C-PHP ○ Directly Generates OPCode Array ○ BISON Powered ● PHPPHP ○ Generates AST Structure ○ PHPParser Powered
- 33. Zend/zend_language_parser.y
- 34. Compiler Pipeline Lexer Parser Compiler
- 35. Compile Step ● C-PHP ○ Compiled Directly During Parse ○ Single Pass Compilation ● PHPPHP ○ Recurses Over AST ○ Single Pass (for now) ○
- 36. PHPPHP/Engine/Compiler.php
- 37. Compiler Pipeline Lexer Parser Compiler OpCode
- 38. OpCodes ● A Series of Operations ○ Just like Assembler Opcodes ○ Represent "units of functionality" ● Designed to run on Virtual Machine ○ Zend Engine ○ Or PHPPHP!
- 39. $a = 1; $b = 2; echo $a + $b;
- 41. Notice Anything?
- 44. What If We Cached The OpCodes?
- 45. We Can Cache! ● Given the compiler is Idempodent ○ (has no side-effects) ○ (hint: it's not) ● OpCodes are really Pointers ○ Swizzling!!!
- 46. In Other Words
- 47. OpCode Caching Is Hard!
- 49. Time To Execute!
- 50. Zend/zend_vm_execute.h
- 51. PHPPHP/Engine/Executor.php
- 52. Executor Pipeline OpCode Is Return?No Yes Return
- 54. But What Are We Executing?
- 55. Zend/zend_vm_execute.h
- 56. Interesting Note: vm_execute.h Is Generated By PHP
- 57. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/Add.php
- 58. Variables!
- 59. Zend/zend.h
- 60. PHPPHP/Engine/Zval/Value.php
- 62. Ref-Counting ● RefCount + References ○ Allows Copy-On-Write ● Variable Is "Deleted" When RefCount = 0 ● Enables Primitive Garbage Collection ○ Circular GC is also implemented
- 63. That's All There Is To It!
- 65. Let's Look At An Example
- 66. $a = 1; $b = 2; var_dump( $a + $b );
- 67. line # op return operands ----------------------------------- 2 0 ASSIGN !0, 1 3 1 ASSIGN !1, 2 6 2 ADD ~2 !0, !1 3 SEND_VAL ~2 4 DO_FCALL 'var_dump' 5 RETURN 1
- 68. [0] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesAssign [1] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesAssign [2] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesAdd [3] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesInitFCallByName [4] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesSend [5] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesFunctionCall [6] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesReturnOp
- 69. [0] => PHPPHPEngineOpLinesAssign Object ( [op1] => PHPPHPEngineZvalPtr Object ( [zval:protected] => PHPPHPEngineZvalVariable Object ( [name:protected] => PHPPHPEngineZvalPtr Object ( [zval:protected] => PHPPHPEngineZvalValue Object ( [value:protected] => a [refcount:protected] => 1 [isRef:protected] => [dtorFunc:protected] => ) ) [class:protected] => [zval:protected] => [executor:protected] => [scope] => 1 ) ) [op2] => PHPPHPEngineZvalPtr Object ( [zval:protected] => PHPPHPEngineZvalValue Object ( [value:protected] => 1 [refcount:protected] => 1 [isRef:protected] => [dtorFunc:protected] => ) ) [result] => [lineno] => 2 )
- 70. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/Assign.php
- 71. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/Add.php
- 72. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/InitFCallByName.php
- 73. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/Send.php
- 74. PHPPHP/Engine/OpLines/FunctionCall.php
- 75. There's A Ton More
- 78. Get Involved!
- 80. More Info ● github.com/php/php-src ● lxr.php.net ● github.com/ircmaxell/PHPPHP ● Reference Series ○ wiki.php.net ○ blog.ircmaxell.com ■ PHP Internals Series
- 81. Anthony Ferrara Joind.in/8443 @ircmaxell blog.ircmaxell.com ircmaxell@php.net youtube.com/ircmaxell