1. Labour market integration of immigrants
and their children
in Estonia and other EU countries
My home, our home: what unites us in a multicultural community
15-16 November 2018, Tallinn, Estonia
Yves Breem
International Migration Division
Directorate for Employment, Labour and
Social Affairs, OECD

2. A fifth of the OECD population has a migrant background,
a third in Estonia but less than a tenth in most neighbouring countries
Population with a migrant background, 2013, percentages of the total population
Source: Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264234024-en

3. Labour market outcomes:
how the foreign-born
compare with the native-born

4. 4
Employment is key for immigrant’s integration into the host society
but they are less in employment than natives in most countries
Employment rates by place of birth, 2017
15-64 year-olds
Sources : International Migration Outlook 2018 https://doi.org/10.1787/1999124x, Eurostat 2018

5. 5
Immigrant unemployment is a tremendous issue in all EU
countries, especially for those born outside the EU
Unemployment rates by place of birth, 2017
15-64 year-olds
Sources : International Migration Outlook 2018 https://doi.org/10.1787/1999124x, Eurostat 2018

6. Over-qualification rates by place of birth, 2017
15-64 year-olds highly educated
Having a job is not enough:
the quality of immigrant jobs is poorer than that of the native-born
Sources : International Migration Outlook 2018 https://doi.org/10.1787/1999124x

7. Labour market participation rates of women by place of birth, 2017
15-64 year-olds
The gender aspect:
Immigrant women often face a double disadvantage
Sources : International Migration Outlook 2018 https://doi.org/10.1787/1999124x, Eurostat 2018

8. 8
Immigrant disadvantage is transmitted to their native-born children
NEET rates of youth, by migrant background,
persons aged 15 to 34 not in education, 2017
Sources : Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2018, forthcoming

9. What are the factors
hampering labour market
integration and how to
address them

10. Employment rates of foreign-born population aged 15-64 and not in education,
by education level, 2017
Differences with native-born, in percentage points
Education improves the labour prospects, but gaps
with the native-born remain large among the highly educated
Sources : Eurostat 2018

11. Over-qualification rates by country of birth and place of education, 2011-12
15-64 year-olds highly educated
Procedures of recognition of foreign qualifications should be strengthened
Virtually every labour market in the OECD
discounts foreign tertiary degrees
Source: Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264234024-en

12. Difference in employment rates between foreign- and native-born, by language, 2012
Mastering the host country’s language is the most important
skill immigrants need to find their place in the labour market
Source: Maching Economic migration with labour market needs, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264216501-en

13. Advanced host-country language proficiency, 2014
Percentage of 15-64 year-olds
This is a bigger issue in countries where the distance between
the immigrant languages and the official language is large
Sources : Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2018, forthcoming
Increase the offer for publicly funded language trainings with the right incentives

14. Lack of network hamper immigrants and their children
to unleash their full potential
Percentages of the native-born who interact at least once a week with
immigrants, 2018
Sources : Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2018, forthcoming
Develop mentorship programmes and local community initiatives

15. Discrimination must be tackled to build a more cohesive society
Persons who consider themselves members of a group that is or has been
discriminated against on the grounds of ethnicity, nationality or race, 2002-12
Sources : Settling In: Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264234024-en

16. For further information:
www.oecd.org/migration
yves.breem@oecd.org
16/11
Thank you for your attention