Etiology of malocclusion local factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Etiology of Malocclusion:-Etiology of Malocclusion:-
Local FactorsLocal Factors
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education

The local factors responsible for
malocclusion:-
• Anomalies in number of teeth
- supernumerary teeth
-missing teeth
• Anomalies of tooth size
• Anomalies of tooth shape
• Abnormal labial frenum
• Premature loss of deciduous teeth
• Prolonged retention of deciduous
teeth www.indiandentalacademy.com

• Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
• Abnormal eruptive path
• Ankylosis
• Dental caries
• Improper dental restorations

• Anomalies in number of teeth:-
supernumerary teeth:- Teeth that are
extra to the normal complement are
termed supernumerary teeth. These are
having abnormal morphology.
A frequently seen supernumerary tooth is
mesiodens which occurs in maxillary
midline

Missing teeth:- most commonly missing
teeth are-third molars, maxillary
lateral incisors, mandibular 2nd
premolars, mandibular incisors,
maxillary 2nd
premolars.
Absence of teeth cause spacing in the
arch and causes mesial migration of
distal tooth.

• Anomalies of tooth size:-
In order to have normal occlusion there
should be harmony between tooth size
& arch length & also between tooth
present between in each arches.
An increase in tooth size causes crowding
in the arch & decrease in teeth size
causes spacing in the arch

• Anomalies of tooth shape:-
-presence of peg shaped lateral incisors
-presence of abnormally large cingulum
on a maxillary incisors.
-mandibular 2nd
premolar may rarely have
an additional lingual cusp.
-congenital syphilis may be associated
with abnormal tooth form;peg shaped
laterals and mulberry molars.
-dilaceration, fusion, gemination.

• Abnormal labial frenum:-
abnormalities of maxillary labial frenum
are quite often associated with a
maxillary midline spacing.

• Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
- undue retention of deciduous teeth
beyond the usual eruption age of their
permanent successors.
- it results in lingual or labial/buccal
eruption of permanent teeth.
Reasons for delayed retention of
deciduous teeth is :- Absence of
underlying permanent teeth,endocrinal
disturbances, non vital deciduous teeth
that do not resorb.

• Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Reasons that causes delayed eruption of
permanent teeth are;
congenital absence of teeth, presence of
supernumerary tooth in the path of
permanent teeth, presence of heavy
mucosal barrier, endocrinal disturbances
and presence of non vital deciduous teeth
that are not resorb.

• Abnormal eruptive path
one of the cause of malocclusion is an
abnormal eruptive path of eruption
which could be due to arch length
deficiency, presence of supernumerary
teeth retained root fragments or
formation of bony barrier.

• Ankylosis:- Is a condition wherein a
part or whole of the root surace is
directly fused to the bone with
absence of intervening periodontal
membrane.
• Dental caries:- proximal caries that
not restored causes mesial migration
of distal teeth and lead into
decrease in arch length.

• Improper dental restoration:-
Over contoured occlusal restoration may
lead to premature contacts leading to
functional shift of mandible during jaw
closure.
Under contoured may cause eruption of
antagonist tooth

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education

Etiology of malocclusion local factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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