1. How to look for references? Where to find them? Dr Ashok Shyam MS Orth Chief Researcher and Head - IORG

2. Vidarbha Orthopaedic Society President - Dr SanjeevChaudhari Secretary – Dr RatnakarAmbade Academic Chairman – Dr S. Babhulkar Academic Vice President – Dr V. Verma Co-ordinator– Dr A. Ramteke

3. What I will Cover How to start a reference search Tips on searching PUBMED Intro to Cochrane Library Google

4. Resources www Books and Journals Library

5. www Vast data bank but very difficult to get relevant information It does not act on questions like “best article on high flex TKR” It Requires “Keywords”

6. Keywords Pillars of the Reference search [Keystones] If you have your keywords right, reference search is piece of cake

7. Keywords Defined by topic of Search Conventionally they are talked in term of P – Population [TKR] I – Intervention [HIGH Flexion] C – Control [Conventional TKR] O – Outcome Measure [Functional]

8. www Resources Pubmed Google Cochrane

9. Level of Evidence

10. Level of Evidence

11. Pubmed - Tip 1 If you directly put keywords in the pubmed you get - Hits containing the keyword Which means the hits - may not be about your terms

15. PubMed Tip 2 Concept of Fields IN square Bracket [ ] After the key word - Author [au] - Title [ti] - Journal Name [jour] - Abstract [tiab] etc…

16. Author

17. Title

18. Title + Abstract

19. “Fields” An entire list of field tags is available online http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/mms/medlineelements.html

20. Tip 3 But we need to search multiple Keywords? BOOLEAN OPERATORS -Boolean operators define the relationships between words or groups of words

21. Main Boolean Operators

22. What do they mean

23. In Short

24. Search Using Boolean Operator OR Total knee arthroplasty OR Functional Outcome Total Knee Arthroplasty Functional outcome

26. Total knee arthroplasty and Functional Outcome High Flex TKR Functional outcome Search Using Boolean Operator And

28. Handling Combination We want articles by Gautam Shetty in Journal of Arthroplasty Shetty GM [AU] Journal Of Arthroplasty [JOUR]

32. FOR OUR EXAMPLE Total Knee Arthroplasty [Tiab] And (High Flexion [Tiab] Or Standard [Tiab])

42. Is [TIAB] Enough Multiple Words - total knee arthroplasty - total knee replacement -TKR -TKA - Knee endoprosthesis Need for identification of Subject matter irrespective of the keywords

45. MESH terms Especially made by PUBMED index Total knee replacement [ti] - gets all articles with Total knee replacement Total Knee Replacement [Mesh] - gets all article with Total knee replacement as a MESH term Meaning – the article is about total knee replacement

46. Search Using MESH term

50. Pubmed – Verifying References Single Citation Matcher Shetty GM knee alignment 2011

54. Pubmed 5 points Word Search Field Search Boolean Operators MESH Search Citation Matcher

63. Pubmed Most Useful Resource Follow steps Needs Practise to get acquainted It is not Google

64. Citation Articles searched through Pubmed using keywords Total Knee Arthroplasty [Tiab] (High Flexion [Tiab] Or Standard [Tiab]) with And as booleanOpearator

65. Pubmed Limiting searches to only case series, retrospective studies, RCT etc Limiting search to years Limiting searches to specific journal, specific MESH term Many more…..

66. Cochrane Review Systematic Reviews - Provide Current Evidence on topics Analyzing every available RCT Doing a meta-analyses & “Systematic and bias free” reporting Systematic Review RCT

69. IORG Literature Review

75. Google Proxy to reach Pubmed Journals not listed in Pubmed

79. Finding References Structured Approach Practice Constant Learning

80. Finding References Pubmed Google Cochrane IORG

81. Most Frequently Asked Question How do we get full text article - free online [Pubmed, Google] - individual Journal Subscription - Pay $30 or more for each - Libraries - Become an IORG Member [Alfa Service] [ASAP – authors share articles] [Members share articles ]

82. THANKS FOR YOUR TIME! drashokshyam@yahoo.co.uk www.iorg.co.in