PHP and the Cloud

Ivo Jansch
Zendcon 2009, October 21st
PHP and the Cloud
http://joind.in/915
donderdag 22 oktober 2009

Contents
WARNING
This is not Yet Another
“Store files on Amazon S3” talk.
2

What is the Cloud?
3

What is the Cloud?
4

Gartner’s Hype Cycle
5

Gartner’s Hype Cycle
6

Gartner’s Hype Cycle on Clouds
7

Clouds According to NIST
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five
essential characteristics, three service models, and four
deployment models.”
National Institute of Standards and Technology
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/
8

NIST: Five Characteristics
Things that are considered cloud:
On-demand, self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
9

NIST: Three Service Models
Cloud applications are:
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
10

NIST: Four Deployment Models
Private cloud
Community cloud
Public cloud
Hybrid cloud
11

12

Application Layers
13
Network
Hardware
Operating System
Storage
System Software
Application
Standard layers in a typical application:

Parts of the infrastructure offered as service to your app:
14
Network
Hardware
Operating System
Storage
System Software
Application

Pitfalls:
• Vendor lock-in
• Security
• Integrity of the service provider
Advantages:
• Easily scalable
• Move from capital expense to operational expense
• Metered use
• Don’t worry about hardware...
15

16

The Hardware/OS Layer
Typically offered as Virtual Machine images
Gives ‘throw hardware at the problem’ a new dimension
Elastic load balancing divides traffic over instances
17

Example: The Rackspace Cloud
The RackspaceCloud is what used to be called Mosso
Powerful API for managing your cloud
Easy access in PHP through Aleksey Korzun’s PHP API:
• http://github.com/AlekseyKorzun/php-cloudservers
Concepts
• Images (various operating systems)
• Flavors (configuration: mem, cpu, disk)
18

The Rackspace Cloud in PHP
19

The Rackspace Cloud in PHP
20

Clouds for Development
Private Cloud:
• Flexible development environments
• Easy to simulate large scale environments
• Easy to set up multiple clusters
21

Example: Terremark’s Infinicloud
22

Terremark’s InfiniCloud
23

IaaS Architecture
Prepare your app to run on IaaS
24

Horizontal Scalability
If you run your app on multiple servers today, would it work?
Typical problem areas:
• Sessions
• Files
25

Horizontal Scalability
Danga - http://www.danga.com/
• People behind LiveJournal / SixApart
• Creators of tools to help make software horizontally scalable
• Memcache - distributed caching, session clustering
‣ http://github.com/andreiz/php-memcached
• MogileFS - distributed file storage
‣ http://projects.usrportage.de/index.fcgi/php-mogilefs
• Gearman - distributed parallel job processing / message queue
‣ http://pecl.php.net/package/gearman/
26

Elasticity
Fewer bottlenecks
• More elasticity
• Easier to scale
27

Elasticity
28

Elasticity
29

Abstraction
Abstract services where possible
30

Abstraction
Con:
• Common denominator functionality
• Adds some overhead
Pro:
• Reduce vendor lock-in
• Increase flexibility
• Save development time
• No need to learn different APIs
• Promotes competition between providers
31

Abstraction
Zend’s SimpleCloud
• http://simplecloud.org
• Good attempt at generic cloud abstraction
• Thursday 9.15, talk by Wil Sinclair, Ballroom
32

Characteristics Of Your App
Service oriented
Stateless
Low coupling
Modularity
Interoperability
33

Infra as a Service = SLA Hell?
Find out service levels of infrastructure components
Get proper support
Create “What if...” scenarios
• What if Amazon is down?
• What if SupaDupaCloudStore goes bankrupt?
Who owns the data?
Pay attention to license agreements
34

35

Complete platform offered as a service:
36
Network
Hardware
Operating System
Storage
System Software
Application

Platform scales up and down as necessary
Same pitfalls and advantages as IaaS, plus:
• Don’t worry about scalability
37

38

Google AppEngine
http://code.google.com/appengine/
Python and Java
Able to run PHP via Quercus (Java PHP interpreter)
• http://www.webdigi.co.uk/blog/2009/run-php-on-the-google-app-engine/
• http://www.caucho.com/resin-3.0/quercus/
Technology needs to prove itself
• Example sites running on Quercus:
‣ http://www.webmonkey.com/
‣ http://www.style.com/stylefile/
39

The Rackspace Cloud ‘Sites’
40

Rackspace’s TrueHybrid
Platform selects the best operating system for your site
Magically blends Windows and Linux, ASP.NET and PHP
41

Other Platforms for PHP
NING
• http://ning.com
• Social Network PaaS
Force.com
• Salesforce cloud platform
• Business applications
Overall no serious enough candidate yet
• Somebody should create an AppEngine for PHP
42

43

Everything in the cloud:
44
Network
Hardware
Operating System
Storage
System Software
Application

Complete applications or application components
Popular phrase: “We are moving our ... to the cloud”
Examples:
• Gmail
• Google Apps (office apps, calendar, email)
• Salesforce for CRM
Often built on IaaS
• Dropbox file sharing (makes use of Amazon S3 for storage)
• Jungledisk backups (same)
45

46

Example: Salesforce
Gives access to all your data in Salesforce using SOAP
PHP library available
Documentation abundant
• http://developer.force.com/
Salesforce was SaaS way before term ‘cloud’ was coined
Most developer friendly SaaS
• Documentation
• Sandbox functionality (paid)
47

Example: Salesforce
48
Source adapted from tutorial at http://www.mikesimonds.com

Example: Google Apps
Many features available through Zend_Gdata_* in ZF
• Information retrieval
• Document storage
• Calendering
• Account Configuration
49

Example: Google Apps
50

General SaaS suggestions
Want to work with X from PHP?
• Google ‘X PHP api’ or ‘X php tutorial’
• You’re almost never the first to want to work with it
Cloud apps are easier to work with than most desktop/
noncloud apps.
Testing
• You don’t want to jeopardize your production data
• See if there is a sandbox feature (Salesforce has one)
• If not, create test accounts
51

The ‘Warcraft Effect’
Clouds are living entities that change when you’re not looking
52

Creating SaaS
53

Creating SaaS
In 2 years Cloud Infrastructure will be a commodity
• It’ll be all about application development
Building an application for multiple users/customers
Things to pay attention to:
• Reliability (one customer getting in the way of another)
• Security (competitors seeing each other’s data)
• Deployment
• Maintenance
54

Multi-Tenancy evolution
Source: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa479069.aspx
55

Multi-tenant Databases
56

Multi-tenant Databases
57

Things to think about
Privacy
Shared data
Collaboration
Interoperability
Vendor lock
58

Putting it all together
How we use Cloud Technology @ Ibuildings
59

The IT Cloud @ Ibuildings
60

The IT Cloud @ Ibuildings
61

Summary
If you were sleeping, wake up now!
62

Summary
What is the Cloud?
• The cloud = IaaS + PaaS + SaaS
If you have trouble remembering:
• Cloud = Platform, Infrastructure & Software as a Service
63

Summary
With your next PHP application:
• See if you can run it on a Cloud Platform
• See if you can run parts on Cloud Infrastructure
• See if you can use Software as a Service components
• See if you can offer it as a service
• Keep your architecture ‘cloud ready’
Think about clouds!
• In a couple of years, we’ll all be doing it
64

Food for Thought
Let’s leave you with something to think about
65

Food for Thought
Are you worried about this?
66
Cloud
Where’s my
data?!
Cloud
Provider

Food for Thought
Then what about this?
67
Financial System
Where’s my
money?!
Bank
Our money has been in the cloud since the 18th century!

Questions ?
68

Links & credits
Please comment on this talk here: http://joind.in/915
Pictures used (under Creative Commons Attribution licenses)
Cloud (slide 3):
http://flickr.com/photos/kables/6324973/
Cat + harddisk:
http://flickr.com/photos/sirmildredpierce/42928070/ (adapted)
Rubber Band Man:
http://flickr.com/photos/thenovys/3791884189/
Clipart used (royalty free and public domain)
http://www.clker.com/
69

Thank you!
Contact details:
Ivo Jansch - ivo@ibuildings.com
http://www.ibuildings.com
http://www.jansch.nl
twitter: ijansch
http://joind.in/915

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