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Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Shenggen Fan | Director General
International Food Policy Research Institute
Asian Development Bank | November 6, 2018
INNOVATING AGRI-
FOOD SYSTEMS IN
ASIA FOR HUMAN
AND PLANETARY
HEALTH
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Outline
Comprehensive, high-quality research is critical for a
sustainable and healthy food future
Innovations in policies, institutions, and technologies
are imperative to reshape food systems
Despite progress, multiple burdens of malnutrition persist
AND we are not on track for many SDGs
Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: FAO 2018
Prevalence and number of undernourished worldwide and in Asia
Asia bears the greatest global share of child
stunting and wasting
Source: GNR 2017
Prevalence of adult obesity (BMI≥30), 2016(%)
Source: WHO 2018
Despite progress, multiple burdens of malnutrition persist
Millions
%
627.3
515.1
907.5 820.8
16.8
11.4
14.8
10.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Number of people undernourished Asia
Number of people undernourished World
Prevalence of undernourishment Asia
Prevalence of undernourishment World
Stunting Wasting
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Source: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2018
Without accelerated progress, hunger and malnutrition will persist beyond 2030
Source: FAO 2018
Undernourished population (millions)
We are not on track on SDGs
Source: WHO 2018
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Number of people undernourished
Forecast
Upper bound forecast
Lower bound forecast
Children affected by stunting (millions)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Children affected by stunting Forecast
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Overweight (BMI≥25)
Forecast
Upper bound forecast
Lower bound forecast
Prevalence of adult overweight (%)
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Over half of SDGs relate to
food security and nutrition
Reshaped food systems are critical
We must reshape food systems
to deliver on the SDGs
Innovations are imperative to go beyond business-as-usual
Policies, institutions, and technologies
are key to accelerating progress, while
maximizing synergies and minimizing trade-offs
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Reform policies to increase availability and
affordability of nutritious foods
Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Figure Source: Headey 2017
Fortified infant cereal
Cheapest dark leafy green
Food price differences (calorie price ratio)
Reprioritize investment priorities & reform subsidy policies
Reform subsidies for agricultural inputs and staple crops
• Support incomes of vulnerable groups and production of healthy foods
‒ Prices of nutrient-dense foods rising faster than energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods
(Dizon and Herforth 2018)
 2-4 point gap between nutritious food price index (NPI) and food consumer price index
(CPI) during seasonal price hikes in Pakistan and Afghanistan
‒ Foods rich in protein and micronutrients are expensive, particularly in low-income
countries (Headey and Alderman 2018)
 Calorie-relative prices compared to staple cereals: >10 times higher for dark leafy
greens globally, >15 times higher for fortified infant cereals in Africa
 Prices of healthy foods largely linked with local productivity and value chain efficiency
Increase investment for R&D in more nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, beans,
dairy, and fish
• Unit increase in dietary diversity reduced calorie and protein deficiencies by 11% and
23% respectively in Eastern India (Kumar et al. 2016)
• Consuming dairy, eggs, and meat/fish associated with over 6 percentage pt. drop in
stunting rates among children in 49 countries across 5 regions (Headey, Hirvonen, and Hoddinott 2018)
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Enhance nutrition-targeted social protection
• Combining transfer programs with behavior change
communication can improve child nutrition
‒ In Bangladesh, cash transfers accompanied by high-quality BCC improved children’s consumption of multiple-micronutrient
powders or iron supplements in the last week by 22 percentage pts (Hoddinott et al. 2018)
• BUT requires complementary policies and programs to link knowledge and behavior (Kramer 2017, Menon et al. 2017)
Promote nutritious, sustainable, and healthy diets
• Tax emissions-intensive foods (e.g. meat and dairy) – this could
avoid more than 100,000 deaths in 2020 from reduced dietary and
weight-related risk factors (Springmann et al. 2016)
• Tax nutrient-poor foods – e.g. Mexico’s sugar sweetened
beverage (SSB) taxes
‒ SSB purchase declined by 6% on average
‒ 9% decline for lower social economic status households
Figure Source: Colchero et al. 2016
Incentivize promotion of healthy diets through taxation &
social protection
Impact of SSB taxes in Mexico
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
• Nearly a third of the world’s food is lost or wasted – significant costs to food security,
economies, and the environment
• Recent commitments and successes indicate a critical first step
‒ Technical Platform on the Measurement and Prevention of Food Loss and Waste (TPFLW):
IFPRI and FAO to align Food Loss Index data collection with improved food loss measurement methodology along food
value chain
‒ EU-REFRESH:
Develops strategic agreements and technological innovations to reduce food waste with governments, business and local
stakeholders in Spain, Germany, Hungary and the Netherlands
• Supporting effective, low-cost policies and technologies will be important
‒ Promote improved packaging and dry chain development
 400 smallholders in Burkina Faso and Uganda reduced food losses by nearly 98% through proven post-harvest handling
techniques and storage technologies (Costa 2014)
‒ Scale up innovative cold chain development
 Zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) in India found to lower storage temperature by 11°C (Lal Basediya, Samuel, and Beera 2013)
Reduce food loss and waste with data and knowledge
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Support inclusive institutions and strengthen
accountability
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Strengthen institutions to close gender gaps
Reform institutions and governance to ensure women’s
empowerment
• Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI)
measures gender parity in:
‒ Decisions about agricultural production
‒ Access to and decision-making power over productive resources
‒ Control over use of income
‒ Leadership in the community
‒ Time use
Strengthen resource rights
‒ Rwanda: Land registration programs doubled likelihood of household investment in longer-term
natural resource management, such as soil conservation (Meinzen-Dick et al. 2017)
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Enhance institutional capacity on nutrition
Support capacity building on nutrition for universities,
government agencies, and extension services
• Improving institutional capacity on nutrition can help address nutrition-
related information asymmetry and facilitate access to necessary assets
for households (Davis, Babu, and Blom 2014)
• Case studies in India: Review agricultural curriculum to include nutrition
for extension officers (Babu et al. 2016)
‒ Integrate nutrition as an outcome of agricultural production
processes
‒ Provide nutrition training for midcareer extension workers to fill
current vacuum of nutrition content in extension services
‒ Endorsement of nutrition curriculum by central and local
government is important to incentivize universities
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
• Coordinate across government sectors on
nutrition (health, agriculture, finance, etc.)
• Use health and nutrition as performance
outcomes for various levels of government
• Enhance monitoring and accountability
with data
NEPAD’s Africa Nutrition Scorecard
‒ Aims to provide a measurement tool on the progress
made at country level to effectively reduce
malnutrition in Africa
Promote effective governance mechanisms
Figure source: NEPAD 2015
Africa Nutrition Scorecard
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Promote multiple-win technologies
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen Gardner
Photos: AgriLife, ICRISAT, CGIAR
• Crop-sensing technologies for efficient fertilizer use (e.g. Greenseeker)
‒ Handheld crop sensor assessing plant nitrogen needs increased profit by
$37/hectare and avoided over 9,500 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions for
wheat farmers in Yaqui Valley, Mexico (CIMMYT)
• Precision agriculture for sustainable yield enhancements
‒ Microdosing in Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso saw millet yields increase by over
50% & better water absorption (ICRISAT)
• Improved, climate-resilient varieties
‒ Cassava varieties that are early maturing, pest- and drought-resistant
increased yields by over 60% in Nigeria (IITA)
‒ Disease-resistant lentil varieties increased yields by 27% in Bangladesh
(ICARDA)
Invest in evidence-based technologies
Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Photos: HarvestPlus
• Biofortification
‒ Vitamin- and mineral-rich crops grown and consumed in over
30 countries
‒ More than 30 million people are consuming one or more of
12 biofortified crops globally (HarvestPlus)
‒ Girls and boys consuming biofortified pearl millet in India saw
greater improvement in some cognitive performance (attention
and memory) than those consuming non-fortified millet (Scott et al. 2018)
Support nutrition-driven & nutrition-sensitive technologies
Iron beans Vit. A maize Iron pearl
millet
Zinc wheat
Vit. A
cassava
Vit. A orange
sweet potato
Zinc rice
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen GardnerFigures and Photos: WEF, NIH 2018
• Alternative proteins to reduce GHGs, environmental impact, health risks
‒ Production of cultured meat involves up to 96% lower GHG emissions and
water use, and 99% lower land use depending on conventional meat product
compared (Thottathil, Jayasekaran, and Othman 2016; Toumisto 2011)
• Gene sequencing and editing for seed improvements
‒ Sequenced crop genomes could improve agriculture in challenging climates
• Big data and analytics to lower transaction costs, improve monitoring
(e.g. CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture 2017-2022)
‒ Platform to lead in organizing open data, convening partners, and
demonstrating the power of big data analytics
• Empower breeding programs targeting developing countries
(e.g. CGIAR Excellence in Breeding Platform)
‒ Draws innovations from public and private sectors to provide access to
cutting-edge tools, services and best practices, training and practical advice
Scale up new & established multiple-win technologies
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Comprehensive, high-quality research is
critical for a sustainable and healthy
food future
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Food industry is expanding, especially in
developing countries
• Increased consolidation and vertical coordination
• Modernization and expansion of food sector, particularly
at midstream stages
‒ Opportunities for job creation, diet diversification,
increased food safety
• Expansion of supermarkets changing nature of food
distribution
‒ By mid-2000s supermarkets controlled up to 50% of food
market in Southeast Asia and Central America
• ICTs and online distribution channels continue to change
market organization and access to food
Source: IFPRI 2018; Ruel, Garrett, and Yosef 2017
Global food and agribusiness in 2015
estimated to account for
• $5 trillion value
• 10% of global consumer spending
• 40% of employment
Sources: Goedde, Horii, and Sanghvi 2015
Priority research areas
Food industries for people and planet
Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: Ruel et al. 2017
• Nearly 90% of projected urban population increase
is concentrated in Asia and Africa
‒ China, India, and Nigeria alone expected to add 900
million urban residents
• Burdens of malnutrition shifting from rural areas
to urban areas
• Rapid urbanization and changing diets are
increasing pressure on food systems
• Research needed on:
‒ Characteristics of urban life driving challenges and
opportunities for food security and nutrition
‒ Urban food systems, environments, and patterns
‒ Urban agriculture
‒ Governance of the informal food and retail sector
World East Asia Europe
Historical changes in diet composition
(kcal/capita/day)
North America South Asia Africa
Source: FAO 2018
Priority research areas
Urban food security and nutrition
Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: Campbell et al. 2017
Key to scale up investments in climate
resilience and agri-food systems approaches
for improved health and nutrition outcomes
Agriculture is pushing planetary boundaries Under BAU, agriculture will almost reach 2°C target
emission for all sectors in 2050 (~21 GtCO2eyr-1)
Source: Bajželj et al. 2014
BAU
2° target
by 2050
2009 emissions
from agriculture
CT1 = Current yield trend
CT2 = Current yield trend & 50% food waste reduction
CT3 = Current yield trend & 50% food waste reduction &
Healthy diets
YG1 = Yield gap closure (sustainable intensification)
YG2 = Yield gap closure & 50% food waste reduction
YG3 = Yield gap closure & 50% food waste reduction &
Healthy diets
Priority research areas
Climate-resilient food systems
Shenggen Fan, November 2018
Upcoming global learning event bringing
together decision makers, practitioners,
researchers, and other stakeholders
Break the silos: Cooperation and mutual learning

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Innovating Agri-food Systems in Asia for Human and Planetary Health

  • 1. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Shenggen Fan | Director General International Food Policy Research Institute Asian Development Bank | November 6, 2018 INNOVATING AGRI- FOOD SYSTEMS IN ASIA FOR HUMAN AND PLANETARY HEALTH
  • 2. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Outline Comprehensive, high-quality research is critical for a sustainable and healthy food future Innovations in policies, institutions, and technologies are imperative to reshape food systems Despite progress, multiple burdens of malnutrition persist AND we are not on track for many SDGs
  • 3. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: FAO 2018 Prevalence and number of undernourished worldwide and in Asia Asia bears the greatest global share of child stunting and wasting Source: GNR 2017 Prevalence of adult obesity (BMI≥30), 2016(%) Source: WHO 2018 Despite progress, multiple burdens of malnutrition persist Millions % 627.3 515.1 907.5 820.8 16.8 11.4 14.8 10.9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of people undernourished Asia Number of people undernourished World Prevalence of undernourishment Asia Prevalence of undernourishment World Stunting Wasting
  • 4. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2018 Without accelerated progress, hunger and malnutrition will persist beyond 2030 Source: FAO 2018 Undernourished population (millions) We are not on track on SDGs Source: WHO 2018 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Number of people undernourished Forecast Upper bound forecast Lower bound forecast Children affected by stunting (millions) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Children affected by stunting Forecast 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Overweight (BMI≥25) Forecast Upper bound forecast Lower bound forecast Prevalence of adult overweight (%)
  • 5. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Over half of SDGs relate to food security and nutrition Reshaped food systems are critical We must reshape food systems to deliver on the SDGs Innovations are imperative to go beyond business-as-usual Policies, institutions, and technologies are key to accelerating progress, while maximizing synergies and minimizing trade-offs
  • 6. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Reform policies to increase availability and affordability of nutritious foods
  • 7. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Figure Source: Headey 2017 Fortified infant cereal Cheapest dark leafy green Food price differences (calorie price ratio) Reprioritize investment priorities & reform subsidy policies Reform subsidies for agricultural inputs and staple crops • Support incomes of vulnerable groups and production of healthy foods ‒ Prices of nutrient-dense foods rising faster than energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (Dizon and Herforth 2018)  2-4 point gap between nutritious food price index (NPI) and food consumer price index (CPI) during seasonal price hikes in Pakistan and Afghanistan ‒ Foods rich in protein and micronutrients are expensive, particularly in low-income countries (Headey and Alderman 2018)  Calorie-relative prices compared to staple cereals: >10 times higher for dark leafy greens globally, >15 times higher for fortified infant cereals in Africa  Prices of healthy foods largely linked with local productivity and value chain efficiency Increase investment for R&D in more nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, beans, dairy, and fish • Unit increase in dietary diversity reduced calorie and protein deficiencies by 11% and 23% respectively in Eastern India (Kumar et al. 2016) • Consuming dairy, eggs, and meat/fish associated with over 6 percentage pt. drop in stunting rates among children in 49 countries across 5 regions (Headey, Hirvonen, and Hoddinott 2018)
  • 8. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Enhance nutrition-targeted social protection • Combining transfer programs with behavior change communication can improve child nutrition ‒ In Bangladesh, cash transfers accompanied by high-quality BCC improved children’s consumption of multiple-micronutrient powders or iron supplements in the last week by 22 percentage pts (Hoddinott et al. 2018) • BUT requires complementary policies and programs to link knowledge and behavior (Kramer 2017, Menon et al. 2017) Promote nutritious, sustainable, and healthy diets • Tax emissions-intensive foods (e.g. meat and dairy) – this could avoid more than 100,000 deaths in 2020 from reduced dietary and weight-related risk factors (Springmann et al. 2016) • Tax nutrient-poor foods – e.g. Mexico’s sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes ‒ SSB purchase declined by 6% on average ‒ 9% decline for lower social economic status households Figure Source: Colchero et al. 2016 Incentivize promotion of healthy diets through taxation & social protection Impact of SSB taxes in Mexico
  • 9. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 • Nearly a third of the world’s food is lost or wasted – significant costs to food security, economies, and the environment • Recent commitments and successes indicate a critical first step ‒ Technical Platform on the Measurement and Prevention of Food Loss and Waste (TPFLW): IFPRI and FAO to align Food Loss Index data collection with improved food loss measurement methodology along food value chain ‒ EU-REFRESH: Develops strategic agreements and technological innovations to reduce food waste with governments, business and local stakeholders in Spain, Germany, Hungary and the Netherlands • Supporting effective, low-cost policies and technologies will be important ‒ Promote improved packaging and dry chain development  400 smallholders in Burkina Faso and Uganda reduced food losses by nearly 98% through proven post-harvest handling techniques and storage technologies (Costa 2014) ‒ Scale up innovative cold chain development  Zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) in India found to lower storage temperature by 11°C (Lal Basediya, Samuel, and Beera 2013) Reduce food loss and waste with data and knowledge
  • 10. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Support inclusive institutions and strengthen accountability
  • 11. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Strengthen institutions to close gender gaps Reform institutions and governance to ensure women’s empowerment • Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) measures gender parity in: ‒ Decisions about agricultural production ‒ Access to and decision-making power over productive resources ‒ Control over use of income ‒ Leadership in the community ‒ Time use Strengthen resource rights ‒ Rwanda: Land registration programs doubled likelihood of household investment in longer-term natural resource management, such as soil conservation (Meinzen-Dick et al. 2017)
  • 12. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Enhance institutional capacity on nutrition Support capacity building on nutrition for universities, government agencies, and extension services • Improving institutional capacity on nutrition can help address nutrition- related information asymmetry and facilitate access to necessary assets for households (Davis, Babu, and Blom 2014) • Case studies in India: Review agricultural curriculum to include nutrition for extension officers (Babu et al. 2016) ‒ Integrate nutrition as an outcome of agricultural production processes ‒ Provide nutrition training for midcareer extension workers to fill current vacuum of nutrition content in extension services ‒ Endorsement of nutrition curriculum by central and local government is important to incentivize universities
  • 13. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 • Coordinate across government sectors on nutrition (health, agriculture, finance, etc.) • Use health and nutrition as performance outcomes for various levels of government • Enhance monitoring and accountability with data NEPAD’s Africa Nutrition Scorecard ‒ Aims to provide a measurement tool on the progress made at country level to effectively reduce malnutrition in Africa Promote effective governance mechanisms Figure source: NEPAD 2015 Africa Nutrition Scorecard
  • 14. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Promote multiple-win technologies
  • 15. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen Gardner Photos: AgriLife, ICRISAT, CGIAR • Crop-sensing technologies for efficient fertilizer use (e.g. Greenseeker) ‒ Handheld crop sensor assessing plant nitrogen needs increased profit by $37/hectare and avoided over 9,500 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions for wheat farmers in Yaqui Valley, Mexico (CIMMYT) • Precision agriculture for sustainable yield enhancements ‒ Microdosing in Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso saw millet yields increase by over 50% & better water absorption (ICRISAT) • Improved, climate-resilient varieties ‒ Cassava varieties that are early maturing, pest- and drought-resistant increased yields by over 60% in Nigeria (IITA) ‒ Disease-resistant lentil varieties increased yields by 27% in Bangladesh (ICARDA) Invest in evidence-based technologies
  • 16. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Photos: HarvestPlus • Biofortification ‒ Vitamin- and mineral-rich crops grown and consumed in over 30 countries ‒ More than 30 million people are consuming one or more of 12 biofortified crops globally (HarvestPlus) ‒ Girls and boys consuming biofortified pearl millet in India saw greater improvement in some cognitive performance (attention and memory) than those consuming non-fortified millet (Scott et al. 2018) Support nutrition-driven & nutrition-sensitive technologies Iron beans Vit. A maize Iron pearl millet Zinc wheat Vit. A cassava Vit. A orange sweet potato Zinc rice
  • 17. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen GardnerFigures and Photos: WEF, NIH 2018 • Alternative proteins to reduce GHGs, environmental impact, health risks ‒ Production of cultured meat involves up to 96% lower GHG emissions and water use, and 99% lower land use depending on conventional meat product compared (Thottathil, Jayasekaran, and Othman 2016; Toumisto 2011) • Gene sequencing and editing for seed improvements ‒ Sequenced crop genomes could improve agriculture in challenging climates • Big data and analytics to lower transaction costs, improve monitoring (e.g. CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture 2017-2022) ‒ Platform to lead in organizing open data, convening partners, and demonstrating the power of big data analytics • Empower breeding programs targeting developing countries (e.g. CGIAR Excellence in Breeding Platform) ‒ Draws innovations from public and private sectors to provide access to cutting-edge tools, services and best practices, training and practical advice Scale up new & established multiple-win technologies
  • 18. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Comprehensive, high-quality research is critical for a sustainable and healthy food future
  • 19. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Food industry is expanding, especially in developing countries • Increased consolidation and vertical coordination • Modernization and expansion of food sector, particularly at midstream stages ‒ Opportunities for job creation, diet diversification, increased food safety • Expansion of supermarkets changing nature of food distribution ‒ By mid-2000s supermarkets controlled up to 50% of food market in Southeast Asia and Central America • ICTs and online distribution channels continue to change market organization and access to food Source: IFPRI 2018; Ruel, Garrett, and Yosef 2017 Global food and agribusiness in 2015 estimated to account for • $5 trillion value • 10% of global consumer spending • 40% of employment Sources: Goedde, Horii, and Sanghvi 2015 Priority research areas Food industries for people and planet
  • 20. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: Ruel et al. 2017 • Nearly 90% of projected urban population increase is concentrated in Asia and Africa ‒ China, India, and Nigeria alone expected to add 900 million urban residents • Burdens of malnutrition shifting from rural areas to urban areas • Rapid urbanization and changing diets are increasing pressure on food systems • Research needed on: ‒ Characteristics of urban life driving challenges and opportunities for food security and nutrition ‒ Urban food systems, environments, and patterns ‒ Urban agriculture ‒ Governance of the informal food and retail sector World East Asia Europe Historical changes in diet composition (kcal/capita/day) North America South Asia Africa Source: FAO 2018 Priority research areas Urban food security and nutrition
  • 21. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Source: Campbell et al. 2017 Key to scale up investments in climate resilience and agri-food systems approaches for improved health and nutrition outcomes Agriculture is pushing planetary boundaries Under BAU, agriculture will almost reach 2°C target emission for all sectors in 2050 (~21 GtCO2eyr-1) Source: Bajželj et al. 2014 BAU 2° target by 2050 2009 emissions from agriculture CT1 = Current yield trend CT2 = Current yield trend & 50% food waste reduction CT3 = Current yield trend & 50% food waste reduction & Healthy diets YG1 = Yield gap closure (sustainable intensification) YG2 = Yield gap closure & 50% food waste reduction YG3 = Yield gap closure & 50% food waste reduction & Healthy diets Priority research areas Climate-resilient food systems
  • 22. Shenggen Fan, November 2018 Upcoming global learning event bringing together decision makers, practitioners, researchers, and other stakeholders Break the silos: Cooperation and mutual learning

Editor's Notes

  1. Photo: Market in Malaysia, https://www.flickr.com/photos/ibnhusin/5025318638/
  2. vegetable farm in Thade, Nepal. The Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Project (ADB) https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/8425065219/in/album-72157632638818236/
  3. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/253163/2/2-Anjani-Kumar.pdf http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/382091534429994437/pdf/WPS8557.pdf https://dl.tufts.edu/bookreader/tufts:22677#page/17/mode/2up
  4. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1E8022AF54A6C6EB21801B61FCD9C54C/S1368980017004232a.pdf/randomized_control_trials_demonstrate_that_nutritionsensitive_social_protection_interventions_increase_the_use_of_multiplemicronutrient_powders_and_iron_supplements_in_rural_preschool_bangladeshi_children.pdf https://www.ifpri.org/publication/cooking-contests-healthier-recipes-impacts-nutrition-knowledge-and-behaviors-Bangladesh https://www.fasebj.org/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.165.6 Colchero et al https://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.h6704
  5. Lal Basediya, A., Samuel, D. V. K., & Beera, V. (2013). Evaporative cooling system for storage of fruits and vegetables - a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(3), 429–442. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0311-6 https://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/special_initiatives/WFP265205.pdf
  6. ILRI Dairy producers and processors in Bhadrack, Odisha State, India https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilri/25726240715
  7. http://www.ifpri.org/publication/role-extension-and-advisory-services-building-resilience-smallholder-farmers https://www.ifpri.org/publication/improved-nutrition-through-agricultural-extension-and-advisory-services-case-studies
  8. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0197995#sec006 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X1730505X#bb0300 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919215000202?via%3Dihub ali et al https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387813001818 Photo; USAID-Tanzania https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/5842086033/in/photolist-ovvDBA-oNHtu6-cVqUUm-oJatX8-owtGFr-bz3qYo-bvpXzQ-ejrHs6-ovzxWM-cVqV83-9UfdDg-9UfdAM-oRvKaz-8SmNDo-oqLcLW-oPLkqi-cVqWQC-9EfBhR-bJjL2H-aviThY-bhgH76-bJjKVg-gK4xFh-pj3hk8-oFmDXh-bvpXx7-oHyNS3-cVqVRW-9Ufdyn-orSTj4-or6YMa-fV7Ltm-ejxr6C-bvpXN7-bvpXKQ-ayZ2cG-bMX6Gr-bhgH9v-yDQE2S-utomRL-tyFSDy
  9. Plant samples in the gene bank, part of CIAT's Genetic Resources program, at the institution's headquarters in Colombia. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ciat/4331068942/in/album-72157623402015022/
  10. Greenseeker: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-highlight/farmers-and-climate-profit-more-precise-fertilizer-management#.W38M1ehKiUn https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/greenseeker-handheld-research-brief-farmer-technology-adoption-and-disadoption#.W38OkuhKiUk Microdosing http://www.icrisat.org/wp-content/uploads/Fertilizer-microdosing-brief-2.pdf Cassava https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_64_impact_cassava_nigeria.pdf Lentil https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_63_lentils_0.pdf https://academic.oup.com/jn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jn/nxy113/5054991 New Rice for Africa (Nerica), a drought-resistant, high-yielding, protein-rich variety https://croplife.org/case-study/importance-of-herbicides-for-no-till-agriculture-in-south-america/ http://www.harvestplus.org/knowledge-market/in-the-news/driving-impact-harvestplus-annual-report-2016
  11. Greenseeker: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-highlight/farmers-and-climate-profit-more-precise-fertilizer-management#.W38M1ehKiUn https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/greenseeker-handheld-research-brief-farmer-technology-adoption-and-disadoption#.W38OkuhKiUk Cassava https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_64_impact_cassava_nigeria.pdf Lentil https://ispc.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/ispc_brief_63_lentils_0.pdf https://academic.oup.com/jn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jn/nxy113/5054991 New Rice for Africa (Nerica), a drought-resistant, high-yielding, protein-rich variety https://croplife.org/case-study/importance-of-herbicides-for-no-till-agriculture-in-south-america/ http://www.harvestplus.org/knowledge-market/in-the-news/driving-impact-harvestplus-annual-report-2016
  12. Greenseeker: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/research-highlight/farmers-and-climate-profit-more-precise-fertilizer-management#.W38M1ehKiUn https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/greenseeker-handheld-research-brief-farmer-technology-adoption-and-disadoption#.W38OkuhKiUk https://academic.oup.com/jn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jn/nxy113/5054991 New Rice for Africa (Nerica), a drought-resistant, high-yielding, protein-rich variety https://croplife.org/case-study/importance-of-herbicides-for-no-till-agriculture-in-south-america/ http://www.harvestplus.org/knowledge-market/in-the-news/driving-impact-harvestplus-annual-report-2016
  13. vegetable farm in Thade, Nepal. The Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Project (ADB) https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/8425065219/in/album-72157632638818236/
  14. http://www.ifpri.org/event/food-industries-people-and-planet https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/chemicals/our-insights/pursuing-the-global-opportunity-in-food-and-agribusiness https://www.forbes.com/2007/11/11/growth-agriculture-business-forbeslife-food07-cx_sm_1113bigfood.html#167c6cd8373e https://www.ced.org/pdf/Economic_Contribution_of_the_Food_and_Beverage_Industry.pdf
  15. Increase in consumption of animal products and fats, oils, and sugar – especially in Asia