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Congestion Control in the
Recursive InterNetworking Architecture
(RINA)
Presenter: Stein Gjessing
Authors: Peyman Teymoori, Michael Welzl, Stein Gjessing, UiO, Norway
Eduard Grasa, i2CAT, Spain
Roberto Riggio, Kewin Rausch, Domenico Siracusa, CREATE-NET, Italy
May 24, 2016

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Congestion Control in the Internet
• Problems with the Internet:
– TCP scalability with:
• The diameter of the network
• The number of flows
• The bottleneck link capacity
– Split-TCP (PEPs):
• IPsec and SSL
• Scalability with the number of flows
• Processing delay at splitters
• This presentation: Highlighting RINA Congestion Control (CC) benefits
Showing that improvements that have been done to TCP on the
internet "naturally appear" with RINA without their side effects
PEP: Performance Enhancing Proxy

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Recursive InterNetworking Architecture
(RINA)
• A back to basics approach learning from the
experience with TCP/IP
• In RINA, every layer (called a “Distributed
InterProcess Communication (IPC)
Facility” (DIF)) has the same set of mechanisms
and goal:
– providing and managing the communication among
its entities
• Behaviour is defined by “policies” that can be
programmed differently in various DIFs.

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Some DIF Configurations in RINA
• Two possible RINA stack configurations by
different organizations of “Distributed
InterProcessCommunication Facilities” (DIFs)

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Implementation – the general scheme
• Aggregate Congestion Control (ACC)
“Error and Flow Control Protocol” (EFCP),
“Relaying and Multiplexing Task” (RMT),
“Resource Allocation” (RA).

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Horizontal: Consecutive DIFs
Topology: Results:

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Vertical: Stacked DIFs
Topology: Results:
1 sender, 1 receiver:
Sender sends flow 1 (large) at 0,
and flow 2 (small) at time 10.

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Around: In-Network Resource Pooling
• A follow-up to: Psaras, Ioannis, Lorenzo Saino, and George Pavlou. "Revisiting
Resource Pooling: The Case for In-Network Resource Sharing." Proceedings of the
13th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. ACM, 2014
• Easily implementable in RINA by an RMT routing policy
S1
S2
R1
R2
Router1
Router3
Router2
Router4
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
2 Mbps
3 Mbps
3 Mbps
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
local stability, global fairness (1:1)
Result: Jain’s fairness index for the two flows was 0.999, which shows global fairness
while local stability was provided through RINA-ACC

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Discussion
• RINA can solve the Internet problems by
– breaking up the long control loop into shorter ones,
– controlling flow aggregates inside the network, and
– enabling the deployment of arbitrary congestion
control mechanisms per DIF.

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Future work
• how to effectively manage buffers between DIFs,
• which hop-by-hop congestion controllers are best to use, given their
stability and scalability properties,
• how to best apply in-network resource pooling,
• effects of different congestion control policies at lower DIFs on
congestion control policies of upper DIFs, and
• how large a DIF can be without performance degradation, and how
its scalability can be improved.

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Thank you!
Questions?