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Similar to Towards development of a parasitoid cottage industry in the Sahel for biological control of the millet head miner(20)

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Towards development of a parasitoid cottage industry in the Sahel for biological control of the millet head miner

  1. Towards development of a parasitoid co3age industry in the Sahel for biological control of the millet head miner Malick Ba1, Baoua I., Kabore A., Amadou L., Karimoune L., Sarr I., Salha H., Dabire L.C., Muniappan R., Norton G., 1ICRISAT-Niger, Email: b.malick@cgiar.org
  2. ²  Background of the biological control program ²  Optimized H. hebetor rearing technique for enhancement of numbers and longevity of emerging H. hebetor parasitoids ²  Optimized H. hebetor release techniques for better control of MHM ²  Identify/test egg parasitoids for enhancement of the BCP ²  Economic feasibility of establishing a cottage industry for parasitoid production OUTLINE
  3. Pearl millet 3/26/15, 2:17 AM Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., is the staple crop of the dry regions of Africa.
  4. Background information The millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella
  5. Background information The current biological control with Bracon hebetor
  6. ² Releases of parasitoids are needed every growing season ² Currently parasitoids numbers could only be increased only few weeks before releases ² Mass rearing still need fine-tuning (male-biased sex-ratio in the offspring) ² Timely release of H. hebetor parasitoids is challenging ²  Parasitoids only target late instars larvae, control of eggs could enhanced the BCP Challenges
  7. Fine-tuning Bracon mass rearing Diet use for C. cephalonica larvae Total H. hebetor produced H. hebetor Female propor?on Millet 1481 Millet + Sorghum 1014 50% cowpea 30.60 ± 6.11 38.56 Millet +cowpea 2240 25% cowpea 40.70 ± 8.27 54.30 Millet+Groundnut 174 20% cowpea 31.30 ± 5.86 53.04 Millet + Sorghum C o w p e a + Groundnut 1763 5% cowpea 29.00 ± 4.26 29.66
  8. Fine-tuning Bracon mass rearing Current Bracon rearing method New Bracon rearing method R0 14.50 168.40 Rm 0.22 0.38 T (days) 12.38 13.49 DT (days) 3.20 1.82 Projected No Bracon progeny/ mo 20,226 289,944 Projected No host larva used/ mo. 13,764 7115
  9. Fine-tuning Bracon release technique Matching releases of parasitoids with Millet head miner adults flight 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 4 weeks 6 weeks Zinder Sadore ALer first appearance of millet head miner % parasiQzed larvae of the MHM
  10. Fine-tuning Bracon release technique Number of parasitoids needed per millet acreage 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Control 400 800 1600 Year 2015 Year 2016 % parasi?zed larvae Number parasitoids released for 5km2
  11. Exploring use of egg parasitoids Countries % eggs parasi?zed by Trichogram Niger 4-7 Senegal 12 Trichogrammatoidae armigera was the main emerging parasitoid
  12. Exploring use of egg parasitoids Host Number emerging offspring of T. armigera from batches of 50 eggs Development time (days) Heliocheilus albipunctella 25 7.4 Ephestia Kuehniella 11 7.42 Coniesta Ignefusalis 8 7.6 Corcyra cephalonica 51 7.25 Helicoverpa armigera 3 6.5 Noorda blitealis 3 7
  13. Economic assumption for cottage industry ²  Discussions with farmers in villages have established the “public good” nature of distributing the parasitoids. ²  If one farmer adopts, his/her neighbors benefit which affects willingness to adopt the technology Time to buy parasitoids to protect my pearl millet Solu?on is to establish businesses that sell to farmers’ groups in mul?ple villages
  14. Economic assumption for cottage industry ²  Economic assessment indicate that a business that sells bags to 13-65 villages could expect first year profits of $50.95 - $1,996.47 ²  A business needs to sell parasitoids to circa 12 villages to cover its costs ²  Individual bag must be sold at a price between $1.29 and $3.08 to cover the costs of outputting 13-65 bags. ²  If individual farmers each contribute $0.09 to a cooperative purchasing agreement, a village must contain at least 557 paying households to afford a set of bags at the going rate of $3.34/bag.
  15. Pilot testing of community base cottage industry Villages Individual purchases Group purchases Total sale 10 28 9 189 parasitoid bags
  16. Key findings ²  The current rearing technique can be significantly improved for cost-effective mass parasitoid production; ²  Parasitoid multiplication can start 4 weeks prior to on-farm release in mid-July when the rainy season is well established and temperatures have cooled; ²  Number of parasitoid needed per millet acreage is identified ²  Farmer unions were able to produce and sell parasitoids to their fellows ²  Willingness of farmers to purchase parasitoid bags ²  Parasitoids production cost and selling price well documented ²  Eggs parasitoid are in the pipeline
  17. Key findings •  AddiQon of cowpea flour to the diet of Corcyra cephalonica increase quality of H. hebetor •  Number of parasitoid needed per millet acreage is idenQfied •  Farmer unions were able to produce and sell parasitoids to their fellows •  Willingness of farmers to purchase parasitoid bags •  Parasitoids producQon cost and selling price well documented •  Eggs parasitoid are in the pipeline
  18. Thank You
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