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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria
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Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) developed in Nigeria

  1. 1 TECHNICAL REPORT FOR 2 SORGHUM VARIETIES: 12KNICSV-188 (IMPROVED DEKO) and 12KNICSV-22 (IMPROVED ZABUWA) FOR REGISTRATION AND RELEASE IN NIGERIA SUBMITTED TO THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON NAMING, REGISTRATION AND RELEASE OF CROPS AND LIVESTOCK/FISH BREEDS DURING THEIR 23RD SITTING HELD AT THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOTECHNOLGY, MOOR PLANTATION IBADAN NIGERIA 4TH JUNE, 2016
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  4. 4 Proposal for Release of Two Sorghum OPVs 12KNICSV- 188 (IMPROVED DEKO) and 12KNICSV-22 (IMPROVED ZABUWA), in Nigeria. Angarawai, I.I1 ., Aba, D. A2 ., Ajeigbe H.A1 ., Yeye M2 ., D.A. Halilu2 , U.H,Gaya1 , Eva.R.Weltzien3 , and F, Rattunde3 1. International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Kano Nigeria 2. Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR/ABU) Samaru Zaria 3. International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Bamako Mali Background Sorghum is an important staple crop in Nigeria due to its adaptability to different ecologies and affordability. Nigeria is the largest producer of Sorghum in Africa and the third largest in the world after USA and India (Gourichon, 2013). However, since 2009, there has been a decline in its production in terms of area harvested and yields (FAOSTAT, 2012). Sorghum has been recommended for infants, elderly, pregnant and lactating mothers because of its high caloric and nutritional value (Henley, 2010). Thus, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), under the current Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA), is focused on strengthening the Nigerian economy through commodity transformation of sorghum as one of its target crops. The sorghum transformation value chain (STVC) is aimed at the following: i. Improving nourishment and ensuring food security for the low income populace who depend on sorghum as their staple food, and most of whom are situated in the North West and North East of the country where more than 80% of Sorghum is produced in Nigeria. ii. Job creation through processing and product development of sorghum. iii. Increasing yield of sorghum using improved OPVs and hybrids. Collaborative efforts of IAR/ABU and ICRISAT have resulted in the development and release of improved sorghum varieties suited to specific agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Many of these varieties have been made available to several smallholder farmers. However, there are still reports of unavailability and dissemination of improved varieties and hybrids that are adapted to the Sudan and Sahel ecologies of the country. Also cases of “hidden hunger” of Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) (i.e. micronutrient deficiency) among the
  5. 5 low income farmers who use most of their production for household consumption is prevalent. Thus the quest for support of biofortification of sorghum for micronutrient- dense varieties development for Fe and Zn by agencies and organizations (e.g. HarvestPlus, STVC, CRP-DC, African Harvest, ICRISAT). However, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) targeted at enhancing access to improved sorghum varieties by SYGENTA, IFAD, TAG817, HOPE and ATASP-1, have provided insights into farmers preferred traits for improved sorghum productivity. The farmers’ preferred traits were primarily high yields, early maturity, Striga resistance and drought tolerance among others to contend with the unpredictable and low rainfall pattern of the major sorghum growing areas. In view of this, IAR/ABU in collaboration with ICRISAT, have developed and evaluated sorghum lines across major sorghum growing ecologies in Nigeria for high yield, Fe and Zn contents and for Striga resistance. This submission is, therefore, a proposal and recommendation for the registration and release of two open pollinated varieties of Sorghum: 12KNICSV-188 (IMPROVED DEKO) and 12KNICSV-22 (IMPROVED ZABUWA) for consideration and approval by the National Committee for Registration and Release of Crop Varieties, Livestock breeds and Fisheries. Following on-station, multi-location and On-farm trials conducted between 2013 -2015 the candidates varieties were preferred and selected by farmers from several locations based on their performance in terms of early to maturity (drought escape) high grain yield, high Fe content and tolerance to Striga infestation. Pedigree descriptions and performance of the Two varieties are presented below. Pedigree Descriptions 12KNICSV-188 Sorghum variety 12KNICSV-188 (IMPROVED DEKO) was developed through population improvement by crossing IS15401 X Deko sorghum lines followed by ear- row progeny selection. The crossing and early generation (F2) selection were conducted in ICRISAT Mali while subsequent selection (F3 to F7) and evaluation were conducted in Nigeria. Apart from its earliness to contend with the erratic and uncertain rainfall pattern due to changing climate, it possess farmer and industrial market preferred agronomic
  6. 6 traits such as uniform height; medium and semi compact panicles, bold and white grain. It possess high grain Fe (56.30ppm) content. It was ranked 1st by farmers for its earliness during the farmer participatory selection across Sahel and Sudan agro-ecology. (General and specific descriptor in Appendix 1) 12KNICSV-22 Sorghum variety 12KNICSV-22 (IMPROVED ZABUWA) was developed through population improvement by crossing of Zabuwa X Grinkan followed by ear-row progeny selection. The crossing and early generation (F2) selection were conducted in ICRISAT Mali while subsequent selections, (F3 to F7) and evaluation were conducted in Nigeria. It is early maturing an advantage in the face of the changing climate, and possessing farmer preferred and desired agronomic traits such as uniform height; medium and semi compact panicles, bold and white grain with appreciable grain Zn content (40.50ppm/1g sample). It was ranked 2nd by farmers across Sahel and Sudan agro-ecological zones. (General and specific descriptor in Appendix 2) Methodology As part of the development of 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22, 225 lines were evaluated under Striga sick plots at ICRISAT experimental stations and selected for grain and stover yields, as well as resistance/tolerance to biotic (Striga, stemborer, smut) and abiotic (drought) stresses. Micronutrient content were also quantified using XRF machines. Identified promising sorghum lines which includes 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 among others were selected and tested at On-Station, multi-location and On-farms with input by farmers through farmer participatory variety selection. i. On-station Field evaluation During 2013 cropping season 225 sorghum lines were evaluated in a preliminary on station yield trials at two locations (Gaya and BirninKudu) on Striga hermonthica sick- plots. Results Result for individual locations (Gaya and BirninKudu) is presented on Table 1. Based on their mean performances in the two locations (Table 2), 22 lines were identified with low Striga emergence, high grain yield ranging from 2.5-3.4t/ha. 12KNICSV-22 and
  7. 7 12KNICSV-188 were considered for their early maturing (drought escape) compared to others attaining days to 50% flowering at 76 days (Table 2) During 2014 cropping season, selected sorghum lines from 2013 cropping season were evaluated at 3 locations (Minjibir, BUK Farm and Gambawa) on a two-row plot of 5m long spaced 0.75m apart with 2 replications. Results for individual locations (Minjibir, Bayero University Kano (BUK) Experimental Farms and Gambawa) are presented on Table 3. Mean performances for the locations combined presented on Table 4 showed that 12KNICSV-188 (IMPROVED DEKO) recorded the highest yield of 3405kg/ha. The 5 highest grain yielding entries 20, 6, 17, 16 and 13 were location specific with entries 20, 6 and 16 for location 2 (Gambawa) while entries 17 and 13 for location 1(BUK). Entry 3; 12KNICSV-22 (IMPROVED ZABUWA), was selected by farmers across the locations for its early maturity and white bold grain. This implies that though farmers are interested in high yielding varieties they also appreciate grain size and colour. ii. Multi-location Field evaluation During 2015 cropping season, selections from the 2014 sets of trials through 'farmer participatory variety evaluation' were pooled to form 18 entry multi-location Sorghum variety trials across 10 locations located in the Sahel (Zangon-Daura, Gambawa, Sokoto), Sudan (Minjibir, BirninKudu, Bakori) and Northern Guinea (Biu, Ikara, Samaru, Dadinkowa) Savannah agro-ecologies. The trial plots were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four rows per plot, ridges of 5 meters long, 75 meters between rows, with 2 replications. The plants were spaced at 30cm intra-row. Recommended fertilizer rates were applied at three and six weeks after planting. Results Results from six individual locations are presented on Table 5 for days to 50% flowering and grain yield (kg/ha). Result for combined locations for agronomic traits are presented on Table 6. Days to 50% flowering ranged from 74-98 days where 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 were relatively early maturing attaining days to 50% flowering in 79 and 78 days respectively. Mean grain yield for six locations, ranged from 1869 to 3506 kg/ha. Results showed that the early maturing varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22), recorded average grain yield of 3249kg/ha and 2641kg/ha respectively across six
  8. 8 locations. Most of the late maturing entries suffered yield loss due to early cessation of rains especially in the Sudan and Sahel savanna environments (Table 6). This was explained by the GGE Biplot analysis indicating 3 mega environments (Figure 1and 2) where Ikara/Birninkudu and Sokoto/Zangon Daura cluster together thereby favoring the performances of 12KNICSV- 188 and 12KNICSV-22 (farmers' choice). Since the varieties have location specific advantages it is recommended that they are released accordingly. iii. On-Farm evaluation and farmers' ranking On-farm demonstrations at Ikara, Wajire (Gombe), Gambawa, Zangon-Daura, Ningi (Bauchi) Bomo (Samaru) and Bakori with 5 farmers at each location serving as replications, were carried out during 2015 cropping season to test the farmer preferred selection against local checks on a 10x10m2 plot. Hills were spaced at 30cm and the recommended fertilizer rates were applied at three and six weeks after planting. During the cropping seasons, participatory selection activities were carried out for each of the locations for farmers to rank their choice. Results Results from the on-farm trials from the 9 individual locations for days to 50% flowering and grain yield are presented on Tables 7 and 8 respectively. The mean performances for yield and other agronomic characters from nine locations presented in Table 9 indicated that 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 were the earliest to attain days to 50% flowering in 67 and 68 days respectively. Average yield for combined locations for 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 were 2818kg/ha and 2356kg/ha respectively. This result is in consonance with the farmers rating across the various agro-ecologies where 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 where rated 1st and 2nd respectively in the Sudano- sahelien zones (Table 10). Since the varieties have wide acceptability across several agro- ecologies it is recommended that they are released accordingly. iv. Micronutrients content analysis Grain samples from were analyzed for Fe and Zn concentrations at the new x-ray fluorescence (XRF) facility established at ICRISAT-Niamey, based on the calibration from Waite Analytical Laboratories (Australia), as presented in Figures 3 and 4 for Fe and Zn with R2 = 0.9946 and 0.9468, respectively.
  9. 9 Results Result from non-destructive sampling using the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) machine as presented on Table 6, showed that 12KNICSV-188 had the highest grain Fe content (56,3ppm/1g sample) while 12KNICSV-22 had the highest grain Zn content (40.5ppm/1g sample). Summary and recommendation Mean performance during the on-station, multilocation, On-farm selection and micronutrient analysis identified these sorghum varieties; 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 for their earliness to maturity, high grain Iron/ or Zinc content, and grain yield in the Sahel/Sudan agro-ecologies. Considering their nutritional advantage towards mitigating hidden hunger of micronutrient deficiency, coupled with farmers rating across the ecologies for various varieties, 12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22 are recommended for release to Sahel/Sudan agro-ecologies. Acknowledgement The authors would like to appreciate the Executive Director IAR/ABU IAR/ABU Prof. I .U. Abubakar immediate past and present ICRISAT Director General, Dr William Dar and Dr David Bergvinson respectively, immediate past and present ICRISAT WCA Regional Director, Dr Farid Waliyar and Dr Ramadjita Tabo, ICRISAT Dryland Cereal Programme Director Dr Stefania Grando their valuable support and the encouragement of collaboration between IAR and ICRISAT which had led to several fruitful results to benefit mankind. Further, we thank the Executive Secretary of Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria Prof B. Y. Abubakar for the discretionary guide provided for the return of ICRISAT to Nigeria. We acknowledge the support of late Prof MA Falaki for his ensuring that ICRISAT second coming was successful by providing initial technical facilities needed. May his gentle soul rest in peace. The field research funding from IFAD TAG 817, HOPE, HarvestPlus, STVC, ATASP-1, WAAPP Nigeria, ICRISAT's CRP Dryland cereals and Dryland Systems contributed immensely to the development of the two varieties of which we are grateful. We wish to recognize the contributions of IAR
  10. 10 staff particularly Mr Tush Hassane and Ibrahim Jumare for their tireless hard work, entire staff of ICRISAT Kano Nigeria and Dr Rathore Ahbishek of ICRISAT India for his support in data analysis. This acknowledgement cannot be concluded without a big thank you to the Nigeria smallholder farmers, especially those who freely gave their advice and choices in the farmer participatory selection are highly acknowledged.
  11. 11 Table 1: Mean performances of selected sorghum lines in On-station evaluations for individual location (Birninkudu and Gaya) on striga sick-plot during 2013 cropping season S/No Designation Days to 50% flowering (Days) Striga count @ Harvest/m2 Days to maturity (Days) Plant height (Cm) Grain yield (kg/ha) Gaya BirninKudu Gaya BirninKudu Gaya BirninKudu Gaya BirninKudu Gaya BirninKudu 20 12KNICSV-22 75 77 1 2 96 100 200 197 3198 3004 21 12KNICSV-23 77 79 1 5 96 103 205 195 3248 3259 97 12KNICSV-144 84 82 2 2 98 103 233 229 3224 3573 98 12KNICSV-145 82 84 2 2 100 105 212 220 2896 3259 99 12KNICSV-146 79 86 2 1 98 107 240 241 3251 3222 100 12KNICSV-147 79 84 2 2 100 98 240 233 2470 3133 101 12KNICSV-149 86 84 2 1 103 105 232 246 3579 2936 103 12KNICSV-151 79 86 1 2 98 107 240 229 3603 2082 104 12KNICSV-153 72 77 2 2 96 98 150 152 3902 2144 139 12KNICSV-167 77 84 2 3 98 105 220 196 2751 2658 140 12KNICSV-168 75 82 3 4 93 103 255 250 3282 3137 141 12KNICSV-169 77 84 2 5 98 105 253 229 3398 2274 142 12KNICSV-170 72 82 2 6 98 103 230 202 3380 2182 143 12KNICSV-171 75 79 3 5 98 100 227 221 3202 2732 144 12KNICSV-172 75 79 2 3 98 100 250 252 2926 2288 185 12KNICSV-186 79 86 2 2 100 107 203 226 3455 2863 186 12KNICSV-188 70 82 1 2 93 105 238 256 3003 2244 187 12KNICSV-189 75 84 3 2 98 105 200 226 2744 2750 189 12KNICSV-190 75 89 3 4 96 110 220 217 3128 2812 202 12KNICSV-207 63 77 3 7 86 98 112 88 4130 963 223 garki-3 77 89 1 5 98 107 205 182 2653 3168 224 gumel-1 89 105 2 7 110 126 245 255 3498 2326 Mean (225genotypes) 77 83 17 5 3 98 104 164.73 158.32 1587 1298 SE + 4.58 12.68 1.36 5.70 4.84 5.92 16.24 17.74 151.86 114.03 CV% 4.3 11.1 16.4 21.6 3.8 4.4 9.9 11.2 9.6 8.8
  12. 12 Table 2 Mean performances of selected sorghum lines in On-station evaluations for combined locations (Birninkudu and Gaya) on striga sick-plot during 2013 cropping season Entry /No Designation Days to 50% Flowering (Days) Striga count @ Harvest/m2 Days to maturity (Days) Logging Score (1-3) Plant height (Cm) Grain yield (kg/ha) 20 12KNICSV-22 76 5 98 1 198 3101 21 12KNICSV-23 78 12 100 1 200 3254 97 12KNICSV-144 83 7 101 1 231 3398. 98 12KNICSV-145 83 7 103 0 216 3077 99 12KNICSV-146 83 5 103 1 241 3236 100 12KNICSV-147 82 7 99 1 236 2802 101 12KNICSV-149 85 5 104 0 239 3257 103 12KNICSV-151 83 5 103 1 234 2842 104 12KNICSV-153 75 7 97 1 151 3023 139 12KNICSV-167 81 10 102 1 208 2704 140 12KNICSV-168 79 13 98 2 253 3209 141 12KNICSV-169 81 12 102 1 241 2836 142 12KNICSV-170 77 14 101 2 216 2781 143 12KNICSV-171 77 17 99 2 224 2967 144 12KNICSV-172 77 10 99 2 251 2607 185 12KNICSV-186 83 6 104 1 215 3159 186 12KNICSV-188 76 6 99 1 247 2623 187 12KNICSV-189 80 10 102 1 213 2747 189 12KNICSV-190 82 13 103 0 218 2970 202 12KNICSV-207 70 19 92 2 100 2546 223 Sorg garki -3 83 11 103 1 194 2910 224 Sorg gumel -1 97 17 118 2 250 2912 Mean (225 entries) 91 17 113 1 164 1421 SE + 1.82 0.52 1.17 0.31 7.33 124.85
  13. 13 Table 3. Mean performance of advanced sorghum lines in multi-location trial for Grain yield and Days to 50% flowering at individual locations (BUK Expt Farm, Gambawa and Minjibir) in 2014 cropping season S/No. Variety Designation Grain yield (Kg/ha) Days to 50% flowering (Days) BUK Exp Farm Gambawa Minjibir BUK Exp Farm Gambawa Minjibir 1 12KNICSV-22 1802 1332 1618 73 81 82 2 12KNICSV-23 3863 1003 1946 73 83 81 3 12KNICSV-145 3808 2072 2345 73 82 82 4 12KNICSV-146 3217 956 1661 73 82 81 5 12KNICSV-147 2803 1553 1265 73 84 82 6 12KNICSV-149 2129 617 1165 73 82 82 7 12KNICSV-151 2458 1138 1646 72 82 81 8 12KNICSV-153 2054 759 1393 77 80 90 9 12KNICSV-167 3574 901 2725 73 80 81 10 12KNICSV-168 3055 1186 2670 72 85 83 11 12KNICSV-170 3866 1370 2030 73 83 82 12 12KNICSV-171 4255 704 3171 72 82 81 13 12KNICSV-172 2871 811 1804 73 81 82 14 12KNICSV-186 3556 1247 1644 73 83 83 15 12KNICSV-188 4304 2600 3312 73 80 81 16 12KNICSV-189 3099 876 2386 74 83 82 17 12KNICSV-190 2939 913 1793 74 82 83 18 12KNICSV-207 2405 887 1365 69 82 84 19 Sorggarki -3 3406 1143 2343 71 78 81 20 Sorg gumel -1 609 581 295 82 85 88 21 ICSV 400 2196 561 1348 68 81 81 22 BBSCO8 2681 765 1002 65 75 74 23 KL-1 1325 411 1800 72 81 81 24 KSV8 1673 825 1488 86 98 100 25 Framers'Local 2599 445 1825 81 92 93 Location means 2825 1114 1802 74 83 83 Location SE+ 75.43 75.43 76.2 1.61 1.87 2.07
  14. 14 Table 4. Mean performance of advanced sorghum lines for grain yield and other agronomic characters for combined locations ( BUK Expt Farm, Gambawa and Minjibir) in 2014 cropping season Entry Designation Grain yield (Kg/ha) Days to 50% flowering (Days) Plant height (cm) Striga count/m2 (Numbers) 1 12KNICSV-22 1602 80 152 7 2 12KNICSV-23 2253 79 155 5 3 12KNICSV-145 2735 79 162 1 4 12KNICSV-146 1934 79 144 7 5 12KNICSV-147 1869 80 164 10 6 12KNICSV-149 1306 79 168 8 7 12KNICSV-151 1753 78 161 3 8 12KNICSV-153 1409 82 120 3 9 12KNICSV-167 2397 78 165 6 10 12KNICSV-168 2311 80 164 10 11 12KNICSV-170 2406 79 160 12 12 12KNICSV-171 2699 78 185 6 13 12KNICSV-172 1826 79 155 10 14 12KNICSV-186 2133 80 165 14 15 12KNICSV-188 3405 78 181 11 16 12KNICSV-189 2122 80 171 10 17 12KNICSV-190 1878 80 162 12 18 12KNICSV-207 1553 78 114 9 19 Sorg garki-3 2294 77 190 11 20 Sorg gumel -1 514 85 168 7 21 ICSV 400 1372 77 152 3 22 BBSCO8 1473 71 174 3 23 KL-1 1203 78 159 6 24 KSV8 1344 95 195 8 25 Farmers' Local 1624 89 209 5 mean 1914 80 162 8 SE+ 415.07 1.85 13.50 1.10
  15. 15 Table 5: Mean performance of sorghum genotypes for days to 50% flowering and Grain yield for six individual locations in 2015 cropping season. Entry Number Designation Days to 50% flowering (Days) Grain yield (kg/ha) Biu BirninKudu Ikara Samaru Sokoto Zangon -Daura Biu BirninKudu Ikara Samaru Sokoto Zangon -Daura 1 12KNICSV-22 67 87 65 80 101 72 3570 1931 3401 2340 2182 2415 2 12KNICSV-146 62 83 61 82 97 73 2740 1890 4094 2400 2286 2300 3 12KNICSV-167 67 84 63 82 94 81 3876 2622 3788 2479 2065 2385 4 12KNICSV-188 67 86 65 81 95 71 4280 2942 4253 2729 2965 2323 5 Sorg garki (3) 51 87 65 79 93 68 3415 1568 3170 2236 2398 2860 6 DAYYANA 68 110 74 97 110 109 3767 1589 3246 3079 * * 7 SSVO8/56 67 * * 118 * * 3348 * * 2140 * * 8 MANDAWARI (2) 67 * 75 105 115 * 3640 1095 3638 2831 * * 9 KWALITI (2) 70 117 69 104 123 108 3842 1626 2226 3231 * 1045 10 CHAN 70 * 75 98 116 * 3782 * 3409 2690 * * 11 ZAUNA INUWA 75 * 78 95 110 * 4842 * 1537 4140 * * 12 KAURA BORNO 60 109 67 95 109 100 3382 1606 3762 3179 * 1230 13 DALWANDA 67 108 67 93 95 99 3742 1799 3640 3931 1622 1175 14 KL-2 75 84 66 80 96 74 4217 2055 4073 3542 2166 2445 15 CF35:5 61 86 62 69 90 73 1975 1730 3250 2379 2685 1420 16 CSR-01 72 113 79 99 * 107 3630 1643 3300 3892 * * 17 ICSV400 68 84 64 66 96 73 2235 1510 2018 2030 1952 1464 18 Farmers' local 67 113 82 101 * 65 3212 1395 3160 2729 * 2210 mean 67 97 70 90 103 84 3528 1801 3293 2889 2258 1940 SE+ 30.7 5.13 3.13 3.48 0.70 1.84 92.0 113 459 750 198 79 * missing plot
  16. 16 Table 6: Mean performance of sorghum genotypes for agronomic characters and nutritional content in six locations combined (Biu, BirninKudu, Ikara, Samaru, Sokoto and Zangon-Daura) in 2015 cropping season. Entry No Designation Common Name of Variety Days to 50% flowering (Days) Plant height (cm) Panicle Length (cm) Grain yield (kg/ha) Fe Zn (PPm/1g sample) (PPm/1g sample) 1 12KNICSV-22 Improved Zabuwa 79 234 25 2641 35.90 40.50 2 12KNICSV-146 CGM 335 77 211 25 2623 54.36 9.44 3 12KNICSV-167 KL2*CK60B-2-1 78 208 26 2869 31.78 8.17 4 12KNICSV-188 Improved Deko 78 235 25 3249 56.30 28.08 5 Sorg garki -3 Sorg garki -3 74 226 26 2610 21.61 7.85 6 DAYYANA DAYYANA 95 272 29 2920 16.02 11.09 7 SSVO8/56 SSVO8/56 87 224 23 2744 31.61 15.99 8 MANDAWARI (2) MANDAWARI (2) 90 285 23 2803 18.93 9.73 9 KWALITI (2) KWALITI (2) 98 300 33 2394 22.84 9.86 10 CHAN CHAN 90 241 26 3294 26.77 7.61 11 ZAUNA INUWA ZAUNA INUWA 90 154 31 3506 43.30 22.00 12 KAURA BORNO KAURA BORNO 90 243 29 2632 16.92 6.97 13 DALWANDA DALWANDA 88 220 22 2652 12.94 3.21 14 KL-2 KL-2 79 205 24 3083 30.62 7.16 15 CF35:5 CF35:5 74 135 21 2241 14.37 7.26 16 CSR-01 CSR-01 94 276 31 3117 43.63 23.90 17 ICSV400 ICSV400 75 176 23 1869 46.40 33.21 18 Farmers'Local KSV4 86 269 29 2543 39.60 32.10 mean 85 229 26 2766 31.33 15.79 SE+ 1.98 16.12 3.91 234.9
  17. 17 Table 7: Mean Performance for Days to 50% flowering (Days) of sorghum varieties in On-Farm trials across Nine individual location in 2015 cropping season. Entry No. Variety Designation Bakori (Katsina) Gambawa (Jigawa) Wajeri (Gombe) Gumel (Jigawa) Ikara (Kaduna) Kofa (Kano) Ningi (Bauchi) Zango (Katsina) Zaria (Kaduna) 1 12KNICSV-188 (DEKO) 67 74 76 77 61 72 57 66 55 2 ZAUNA-INUWA 72 88 84 84 73 86 78 86 75 3 12KNICSV-22 (ZABUWA) 68 76 78 78 62 74 57 66 53 4 DAYYANA 71 86 86 83 72 88 81 81 74 5 Farmers' local 71 81 83 83 79 109 73 80 117 Mean 70 81 81 81 69 86 69 76 75 SE+ 2.73 1.86 3.09 4.31 2.12 2.25 4.01 1.09 1.56
  18. 18 Table 8: Mean performance for grain yield (Kg/ha) of sorghum varieties in On-Farm trials across Nine individual location in 2015 cropping sesason. Entry No. Variety Designation Bakori (Katsina) Gambawa (Jigawa) Wajeri (Gombe) Gumel (Jigawa) Ikara (Kaduna) Kofa (Kano) Ningi (Bauchi) Zango (Katsina) Zaria (Kaduna) 1 12KNICSV-188 (DEKO) 3080 2630 2300 2336 3507 3650 3292 2085 2481 2 ZAUNA-INUWA 3280 412 3300 904 2680 4300 2458 1642 2709 3 12KNICSV-22 (ZABUWA) 1640 2550 2000 2136 3440 3450 2042 1824 2120 4 DAYYANA 1200 340 2175 312 2400 3530 2583 1033 1900 5 Farmers' local 1720 377 1325 1152 2133 3000 2083 1433 1456 Mean 2184 1262 2220 1568 2832 3586 2492 1804 2133 SE+ 235 166 611 144 224 210 741 96 171
  19. 19 Table 9: Mean performance of Sorghum varieties for agronomic characters in On-Farm trials for combined locations ( Bakori, Gambawa, Wajeri, Gumel, Ikara, Kofa, Ningi, Zango & Zaria) during 2015 cropping season Entry No. Variety Designation Days to 50% flowering (Days) Plant Height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Grain yield (Kg/ha) Smut Disease Score (0-5) 1 12KNICSV-188 (DEKO) 67 177 31 2818 1 2 ZAUNA-INUWA 81 156 42 2409 2 3 12KNICSV-22 (ZABUWA) 68 167 28 2356 1 4 DAYYANA 80 213 36 1719 1 5 Farmers' local 86 222 36 1631 3 Mean 76 187 35 2187 1.6 SE+ 14.3 69.7 6.7 288.7
  20. 20 Table 10. Farmer's preference score across various agro-ecologies in 2015 cropping season Designation Variety Name Sahelien Agro-ecology Sudan Agro-ecology Northern Guinea Agro-ecology Overall Rank Zango- Katsina Gambawa -Jigawa Gumel- Jigawa Kofa- Kano Ningi- Bauchi Kaduna -Ikara Kaduna - Zaria Baure- Gombe Bakori- Katsina 12KNICSV-188 DEKO 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 ZAUNA-INUWA ZAUNA-INUWA 4 4 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 12KNICSV-22 ZABUWA 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 DAYYANA DAYYANA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Check Farmers' Variety 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
  21. 21 Figure 1. Scatter Plot for Mega environments
  22. 22 Figure 2. Scatter Plot for Variety distribution across environments
  23. 23 Figure 3. Calibration of XRF machine in Niamey for sorghum grains Fe assessment. Figure 4. Calibration of XRF machine in Niamey for sorghum grains Zn assessment.
  24. 24 Appendices Appendix 1 IMPROVED DEKO 1a. GENERAL DESCRIPTORS 1. Specie: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 2. Name of Variety: SAMSORG 45 3. Old name: 12KNICSV-188 4. Origin/Sources: ICRISAT Samanko, Mali 5. Type of Variety: Pure line 6. Pedigree: IS15401 X Deko-1 7. a) Name and Address of Developing Organization: International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Kano Nigeria b) Name and Address of releasing Organization: Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR/ABU) Samaru Zaria c) Breeders: Angarawai I. I., Hakeem, A. Ajeigbe, Eva.R.Weltzien , and F. Rattunde, (ICRISAT), D. A. Aba and M. Yeye ((IAR/ABU) d) Collaborating Scientists: U.H,Gaya and D.A.Halilu 8. Morphological characteristics: medium height (193.00cm), compact panicles, white seeded and nontillering 9. Adaptation: Sudan and Sahel Savanna ecologies 10. Days to Maturity: 90 – 95 days 11. Potential Yield: 4.2 t/ha 12. Pest and Disease reaction: Tolerant to leaf rust and smut diseases 13. Outstanding Characteristics: Early maturity and high grain Iron (Fe ) (56.30ppm/1g) Content 14. Nutrient content %Protein : 10.5 %CHO: 69.7 %Fibre 3.2 %Oil 11.4 Iron (Fe) 56.30ppm/1g Zinc (Zn) 28.08ppm/1g 15. Year of release: 2016
  25. 25 1b. Specific Descriptors 1. Leaf shape: Leaves slightly dropping 2. Tillering ability: Nontillering 3. Plant height 185 – 200 cm 4. Stem diameter: 10 – 12 cm 5. Leaf length: 75 – 79 cm 6. Leaf width: 7 – 9 cm 7. Photoperiod: Insensitive 8. Panicle shape: Compact elliptic 9. Panicle length: 25 – 28 cm 10. Exertion: Fully exerted 11. Grain colour: White Appendix 2 12KNICSV-188 (Improved DEKO) threshed Grain 12KNICSV-188 (Improved DEKO) Panicle at physiological maturity
  26. 26 IMPROVED ZABUWA 2a. GENERAL DESCRIPTORS 1. Specie: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 2. Name of Variety: SAMSORG 46 3. Old name: 12KNICSV-22 4. Origin/Sources: ICRISAT Samanko, Mali 5. Type of Variety: Pure line 6. Pedigree: Zabuwa X Grinkan-2-1 7. a) Name and Address of Developing Organization: International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Kano Nigeria b) Name and Address of releasing Organization: Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR/ABU) Samaru Zaria c) Breeders: Angarawai I. I., Hakeem A Ajeigbe, Eva.R.Weltzien and F, Rattunde (ICRISAT), D. A. Aba and M. Yeye ((IAR/ABU) d) Collaborating Scientists: U.H,Gaya and D.A. Halilu 8. Morphological characteristics: medium height (201.00cm), Compact panicles, white seeded and nontillering 9. Adaptation: Sudan and Sahel Savanna ecologies 10. Days to Maturity: 90 – 100 days 11. Potential Yield: 3.5 t/ha 12. Pest/Disease reaction: Tolerance to leaf rust and smut diseases 13. Outstanding Characteristics: Early maturity and moderate grain Zinc (Zn ) (40.50ppm/1g) Content 14. Nutrient content %Protein : 10.5 %CHO: 73.8 %Fibre 3.3 %Oil 10.7 Iron (Fe) 35,90ppm/1g Zinc (Zn) 40.50ppm/1g 15. Year of release: 2016
  27. 27 2b. Specific Descriptors 1. Leaf shape: Leaves slightly dropping 2. Tillering ability: Nontillering 3. Plant height 195 – 210 cm 4. Stem diameter: 7 – 11 cm 5. Leaf length: 75 – 80 cm 6. Leaf width: 7.5 – 12 cm 7. Photoperiod: Insensitive 8. Panicle shape: Compact oval 9. Panicle length: 20 – 25 cm 10. Exertion: slightly exerted 11. Grain colour: White 12KNICSV-22 (Improved ZABUWA) threshed Grain 12KNICSV-22 (Improved ZABUWA) panicle at physiological maturity
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