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Short duration pigeonpea hybrids to bridge decades old yield gap
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Rajaram et al. 2013. EST-SSRs and consensus map. BMC Genomics, doi 1471-2164-...Rajaram et al. 2013. EST-SSRs and consensus map. BMC Genomics, doi 1471-2164-...
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Short duration pigeonpea hybrids to bridge decades old yield gap

  1. Pigeonpea dal (dry split cotyledons). About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Oct 2016 Short duration pigeonpea hybrids to bridge decades old yield gap Hingane AJ1 , Rathore A1 , Kumar CVS1 , Chand U1 and Singh SJ2   1 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India 2 Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University (SKNAU), Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute (RARI), Durgapura, Jaipur, 302 018, India Abstract Low yield in pigeonpea has always been a matter of concern for all the stakeholders over more than last five decades. But, development of CMS based hybrid technology in pigeonpea, has proved the potential to bridge this yield gap. Several medium duration hybrids have been released in states of India, yielding 25-40% higher yield than local varieties, but these hybrids are region specific due to its photo- thermo sensitive nature. Hence, need was felt to explore other possibilities to increase pigeonpea production and productivity. Recently developed photo-thermo incentive short duration varieties have helped to identify new production niches like wheat and rice cropping system in non-traditional states of India. But over years, productivity of these short duration varieties has also become stagnant. Considering this, hybrid breeding program was initiated at ICRISAT to develop location specific short duration hybrids. Nine short duration experimental hybrids along with two checks were evaluated for its yield and adaptability at ICRISAT, Patancheru and RARI, Durgapura Rajasthan for three years (2013-15) using GGE biplot analysis. Among the six environments evaluated, Patancheru (Pat-15) was identified as suitable location in discriminating short duration pigeonpea hybrids and can be considered as ideal testing location. ICPH 2364 followed by ICPH 3310 were earliest to mature while ICPH 2429 and ICPH 2433 were found to be high yielders and stable across both the Material and Methods The study was conducted during 2013, 2014 and 2015 at ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana (17°32’N, 78°16’E, 545m a.s.l.) and RARI, Durgapura, Rajasthan (26.9°N 75.8°E, 431m a.s.l) to identify best performing short duration pigeonpea hybrids for individual and across locations. Nine short duration experimental hybrids viz; ICPH 2363, ICPH 2364, ICPH 2429, ICPH 2431, ICPH 2433, ICPH 2438, ICPH 2441, ICPH 2447, ICPH 3310 along with ICPL 88039 and UPAS 120 as standard checks were evaluated in randomized complete block design in two replications. Data was recorded on six yield and yield contributing traits. To understand wide adoption of hybrids a pooled analysis of data gathered from 2 location over 3 years was performed by using ReML. To identify site specific and overall hybrid performance, GGE biplot analysis (Yan & Tinker, 2006) was used. Results Higher variation for days to maturity was recorded among hybrids due to Location (60.00%) followed by Genotypes (21.70%) while, Genotype X Location contributed to 18.10%. of variation. Grain yield (kg/ha) also reported 75.90% and 19.10% variation due to Location and Genotype X Location interaction respectively, while genotype contributed to 4.90% variation. This pattern indicates high influence of Location in performance of hybrids which is confirmed by occurrence of extensive cross-overs in GxE (Fig 1 & 3). To identify individual and across locations hybrids GGE Biplots were developed (Fig 2 and 4). GGE Biplot suggested a good fit to model as total variation for days to maturity and yield kg/ha was high (87.69% and 72.93% respectively). Further, ICPH 3310 was found earliest to mature and ICPH 2429 and ICPH 2433 were found high yielders across both the locations. In this experiment we could not find any early maturing and high yielder hybrid. This suggest to include more divers breeding material and conduct more trials in targeted regions. Pigeonpea plant at flowering. Pigeonpea plant at pod bearing stage. Pigeonpea mature seed. Table 1. Mean days to maturity of short duration pigeonpea hybrids during 2013,2014 and 2015 at Durgapura, Rajasthan and Patancheru, Telangana. Genotype ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana RARI, Durgapura, Rajasthan 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 ICPH 2363 126.00 127.00 134.00 134.50 135.50 148.00 ICPH 2364 121.00 119.50 116.50 142.50 141.50 140.00 ICPH 2429 126.00 125.50 133.50 134.50 134.00 142.50 ICPH 2431 129.00 131.50 137.00 143.00 143.00 149.00 ICPH 2433 127.50 130.00 135.50 137.50 139.00 144.00 ICPH 2438 127.00 123.00 136.00 140.50 141.50 147.00 ICPH 2441 124.50 123.00 132.00 143.00 142.00 146.50 ICPH 2447 124.50 124.50 130.00 134.00 138.00 153.00 ICPH 3310 120.50 120.00 111.50 136.50 138.00 140.50 ICPL 88039 (c) 112.00 107.00 104.50 128.50 129.00 137.00 UPAS 120 (c) 142.50 126.00 134.50 138.00 137.50 148.00 Mean 125.50 123.36 127.73 137.50 138.09 145.05 SEM (±) 7.33 6.56 11.34 4.55 4.12 4.70 Table 2. Mean grain yield kg/ha of short duration pigeonpea hybrids during 2013, 2014 and 2015 at Durgapura, Rajasthan and Patancheru, Telangana. Genotype ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana RARI, Durgapura, Rajasthan 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 ICPH 2363 2543.00 1631.50 1132.50 477.50 199.50 929.00 ICPH 2364 2175.00 1499.00 2162.00 281.50 235.00 466.50 ICPH 2429 2549.50 1513.00 2069.00 440.50 491.00 902.50 ICPH 2431 1928.50 1582.50 1536.00 377.50 182.00 155.00 ICPH 2433 1958.00 2186.50 2010.00 504.00 184.00 1343.50 ICPH 2438 2229.50 1631.50 1585.00 752.00 530.00 1570.00 ICPH 2441 2105.50 1103.50 1533.00 759.00 231.00 1386.50 ICPH 2447 1531.50 1220.00 198.00 400.00 246.00 350.50 ICPH 3310 1702.50 1144.50 2434.00 382.00 166.00 1208.00 ICPL 88039 (c) 1000.50 1472.00 1153.00 188.50 152.50 709.50 UPAS 120 (c) 1507.00 1859.00 1283.00 263.00 126.00 509.00 Mean 1930.05 1531.18 1554.14 438.68 249.36 866.36 SEM (±) 468.44 315.25 622.06 182.53 134.37 469.00 This work has been undertaken as part of the Figure 2. GGE Biplot for days to maturity.Figure 1. Interaction plot showing crossovers for Days to Maturity. Figure 3.Interaction plot showing crossovers for grain yield kg/ha. Figure 4. GGE Biplot for grain yield kg/ha.
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