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Research program on Dryland Cereals
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Research program on Dryland Cereals

  1. Sep 2011 IMOD Innovate Grow Prosper Inclusive Market Oriented Development Increasing productivity to help end hunger Research Program Dryland Cereals Germplasm characterization Research areas • Strategic research on tolerance to drought, flowering-period, high temperatures, soil salinity and poor fertility, and development of high throughput screening methods • Screening of germplasm reference collections for drought adaptation, salinity tolerance, nutrient deficiency traits, disease and insect resistance, and flowering/photoperiodism towards trait-based germplasm catalogs Outputs • Reference germplasm collections assembled in sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet to enhance use of germplasm in breeding programs • More than 50 disease resistant sorghum and pearl millet accessions identified • Protocols for drought tolerance screening in pearl millet and sorghum, and screening for aphid tolerance developed for sorghum in South Asia (SA) Tools to support genetic enhancement Research areas • Crop simulation modelling to anticipate/predict trait effects on yield • Development of markers, mapping populations and maps • Bio-informatics, computational biology and biometrics platforms Genetic Enhancement Research areas • Trait mapping and introgression for drought adaptation, nutrient deficiency tolerance, pest (insects and parasitic weeds), and disease resistance • Breeding hybrid parents in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) with primary emphasis on high yield (grain and stover) and disease resistance (downy mildew and blast) - in WCA, current emphasis on open pollinated varieties (OPVs), with resistance to downy mildew (DM), head miner and Striga for pearl millet. • Integration of marker-assisted breeding into pearl millet improvement, especially for complex traits (eg, Striga • Diverse sources or resistance to DM and blast; high Fe and Zn content; and tolerance to drought, high temperatures and soil salinity in elite genetic backgrounds identified in pearl millet • Superior hybrid parents with tolerance to shoot-fly, aphids, charcoal rot and terminal drought in sorghum in SA, using integrated conventional and molecular breeding • Trait based B- and R-gene pools in sorghum in SA • Stable and adaptable cultivars for further evaluation and release in ESA countries Fuel – Feed – Food – New Uses Research areas • Screening and mapping of fodder traits in breeding material and populations • Breeding multipurpose cultivars • Breeding for processing traits with improved bioavailability of Fe and Zn • Developing new products from dryland cereals Outputs • Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) protocols for analysis of stover quality in the advanced breeding lines of sorghum in SA • Developed and mapped markers for stover quality QTLs in pearl millet • Developed diversified products to suit market and consumer preferences in pearl millet and sorghum  • Novel low lignin conferring brown midrib, high biomass lines of sorghum in SA • Dual purpose varieties and hybrid parents for grain yield and stalk sugar yield in sorghum in SA • Quantification of bioproduct (ethanol, pentose, xylan, hydrogen, etc) recovery from advanced breeding material Outputs • Identification of marker-trait associations in cultivar improvement/development • Protocols for rapid and cost effective screening of grain minerals for sorghum and pearl millet resistance, DM resistance, drought and salinity tolerance, phosphorous deficiency, and grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) density). • Development of high-yielding hybrid parents and hybrids with high levels of grain Fe and Zn density. • Integration of marker-assisted selection in sorghum improvement (drought through staygreen introgression, shoot-fly, phosphorus deficiency) • Developing methodology for efficient recurrent selection procedures for sorghum • Development of farmer-preferred hybrids in West and Central Africa (WCA) • Multi-environment Testing (MET) to determine yield stability and adaptability of improved cultivars for identified agro-ecological zones in ESA Outputs • Validated marker-trait associations for drought adaptation in sorghum and pearl millet, and for shoot-fly and Striga resistance in sorghum • Developed and mapped markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought, downy mildew, blast and rust resistance, and grain Fe and Zn density • One hundred and twenty improved cultivars of pearl millet released (mostly hybrids in Asia and only OPVs in Africa), with 60-70% of hybrids cultivated in India based on ICRISAT-bred lines • First marker-assisted breeding product (an early maturing hybrid, HHB 67 Improved, with downy mildew resistance) developed and adopted on more than 500,000 ha Technology Transfer Research areas • Develop and test alternative seed delivery models and assess the efficiency and effectiveness of Seed Systems • Hybrid parents consortium Outputs • Web based information repository on the characteristics of improved hybrid parents of sorghum in SA • Knowledge by smallholder farmers (including women) of better crop management technologies of sorghum • Knowledge by farmers, field staff, technicians and other staff of State Agriculture Universities, non-governmental organizations and national agricultural research systems of hybrid parents development and multiplication of sorghum in SA • Materials and information for enhanced uptake by public and private sector partners • Post-harvest technologies • Commercial and pipeline cultivars for processing and value addition of sorghum • Alternative seed delivery models for improved farmers’ access to quality seed.
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