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Resilient dryland systems -A brief overview (Asia)

  1. Resilient Dryland Systems (RDS) Asia Brief Overview Suhas P Wani Research Program Director (Acting) Resilient Dryland Systems
  2. Poverty Population explosion Water scarcity Land degradation Malnutrition 211 m India 142 m China 156 m Other Asia & Pacific 519 m India 211 m China Asia: The Hot Spot of Poverty – Our Common Challenge
  3. Goal To improve rural livelihoods, increase food security and protect the environment thru sustainable intensification adopting holistic participatory research for development (PR4D) to benefit small farm holders in the semi-arid tropics
  4. Demand Driven R4D  Food and nutritional security  Improved livelihoods  Sustainable ecosystem services  Resilience building
  5. Impact Oriented R4D  Continuum of research in rainfed agriculture  Strategic – Adaptive – On-farm – Scaling-out  Drylands – supplemental irrigation – irrigated agricultural intensification
  6. Farmers’ Centric Watershed as an Entry Point Watershed as entry point for: Increasing productivity Enhancing profits Improving livelihoods Protecting environment and ESSs Empowerment of poor Social capital development
  7. Changes in Status of Agroecological Regions  SA areas increased by 8.45 M ha in MP, Bihar, UP, Karnataka and Punjab  Dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country in the place of moderate climates existing earlier in these regions
  8. Climate Change Impacts -99.9 -66.6 -33.3 0.0 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 Year MoistureIndex(%) Arid Semi-arid Dry Subhumid Sharing LGP at Nemmikal watershed, Nalgonda district, AP Warming at Gulbarga, Karnataka
  9. Increased Productivity and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture  Current farmers’ yields are lower by 2 to 5 folds than the achievable yields  Vast potential of rainfed agriculture needs to be harnessed
  10. Biological and chemical properties of semi arid tropical Vertisols in 1998 after 24 years of cropping under improved and traditional systems in catchments at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India Properties System Soil depth SE 0-60 60-120 Soil respiration (kg C ha-1) Improved Conventional 723 260 342 98 7.8 Microbial biomass (kg C ha-1) Improved Conventional 2676 1462 2137 1088 48.0 Organic carbon ( t C ha-1) Improved Conventional 27.4 21.4 19.4 18.1 0.89 Mineral N (kg N ha-1) Improved Conventional 28.2 15.4 10.3 26.0 2.88 Net N mineralization (kg N ha-1) Improved Conventional - 3.3 32.6 - 6.3 15.4 4.22 Microbial biomass N (kg N ha-1) Improved Conventional 86.4 42.1 39.2 25.8 2.3 Non-microbial organic N (kg N ha-1) Improved Conventional 2569 2218 1879 1832 156.9 Total N (kg N ha-1) Improved Conventional 2684 2276 1928 1884 156.6 Olsen P (kg P ha-1) Improved Traditional 6.1 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.36
  11. Biological Nitrification Inhibition in Sorghum
  12.  Twenty five institutions in consortium mode worked together  Watershed development programs are benefiting rainfed areas:  B:C ratio of 2.01  IRR 21.43%  Enhanced rural incomes 50%  Increased productivity 35% Joshi et al. 2008 CA Impact of Watershed Program in India
  13. CA Recommendations  Watersheds need to be developed as business model  Promote Participatory monitoring, management, and efficiency use of water resources  Effective monitoring  One size fits all approach does not work
  14. STEPs to Achieve Impact S = Sustainability T = Technology inputs E = Equity P = Participation  Less than 1% watersheds are economically non-remunerative  Two-thirds of watersheds’ performance can be improved
  15. Seeing is Believing: Sites of Learning  Convergence  Collective action  Capacity building  Consortium for technical backstopping
  16. Use of new science tools A holistic participatory approach Continuous monitoring and evaluation Linked on-station and Off- station Empowerment of community and stakeholders Mix of individual and community- based interventions Consortium for technical backstopping Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, India: A Brightspot Integrated Watershed Management Model
  17. AWM Interventions Enhanced Groundwater Resilience in Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally GW recharge increased by 50-80 %
  18. • Convergence of WSPs under MoRD • Linking of Research and Development programs • Livelihood approach • New institutional and governance • Increased investments • More emphasis on CB measures New Watereshed Guidelines
  19.  Soil health  Improved cultivars  Pests and disease management  Markets, institutions and policy support  Need for integrated approach Water Alone Can’t Do It
  20.  Stratified sampling method  GIS-based interpolation method  Soil characterization in seven districts of Karnataka Sahrawat et al. 2007, Tina Geisler 2007 Soil Sampling Method at Micro- watershed and District Level Developed
  21.  Documented widespread deficiency of micronutrients Percentage of farmers’ fields deficient in soil nutrients in different states of India State No. of farmers’ fields Org.C % Av.P ppm K Ppm S ppm B ppm Zn ppm Andhra Pradesh 1927 84 39 12 87 88 81 Karnataka 1260 58 49 18 85 76 72 Madhya Pradesh 73 9 86 1 96 65 93 Rajasthan 179 22 40 9 64 43 24 Gujarat 82 12 60 10 46 100 82 Tamilnadu 119 57 51 24 71 89 61 Kerala 28 11 21 7 96 100 18 Sahrawat et al. 2007, Rego et al. 2007, Wani et al. 2007, and Srinivasa Rao et al. 2008 Balanced Nutrient Management
  22. To innovate resource recovery from domestic and industrial wastewater and safe reuse in agriculture Water4Crops: Safe Reuse of wastewater in Agriculture
  23. W4C Indian Consortium Partners
  24. Bhoochetana: GoK-ICRISAT Innovative Scaling-up Initiative to Bridge Yield Gaps
  25. Holistic Consortium Approach
  26. Bhoo Chetana: A Novel Initiative 4.4 million farmers 3.7 million ha
  27. Increased Crop Yields by 23 to 66 per cent for Small Farmholders Mean yields of ragi, maize and soybean from farmers’ fields in different districts of Karnataka during kharif season 2009 36 % 39% 34% 23% 38% 26% 42 % 53% Increased oil seed crop yields with improved management practices under Bhoochetana over farmers’ practice in different districts, rainy season 2011 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 2009 2010 2011 2012 Maize 4 Years 2009 2010 2011 G.nut 3 Years Grain/Podyield(kgha-1) Farmers' practice Improved practice Haveri District Maize and Kolar District Groundnut crop yield data 31% 43%41% 33% 37%33% 33% 29% 44% Haveri Maize Kolar Groundnut Increased yields of maize in Haveri and groundnut in Kolar districts with improved management during 2009-2012
  28. Bhoochetana: Improving Livelihoods 2066% yield increase 5% rise in agriculture growth annually $ 230 million in four years $ 1 invested = $ 314 return
  29. Bhoochetana Benefits in Karnataka Year Area under Imp Mgmt (m ha) Production of Crops with Imp Mgmt (m t) Production of Crops with Farmers' Mgmt (m t) Increased Production with Imp Mgmt (mt) Value of Additional Production with Imp Mgmt (Million $) Cost of Inputs (Million $) Net Income (Million $) 2012 0.49 1.44 1.12 0.33 94.0 12.0 82.1 2011 0.58 2.14 1.61 0.54 119.0 9.6 109.0 2010 0.18 0.41 0.34 0.12 41.2 4.1 37.2 2009 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.015 2.5 0.5 2.1 Total 1.27 4.10 3.10 1.01 256.7 26.2 230.4
  30. 4 Cs 4 Es  Consortium Efficiency  Convergence Equity  Capacity building Environment  Collective action/ Economic gain Cooperation Important Pillars of Bhoochetana
  31. Bhoochetana Plus: GoK-CGIAR Initiative The overall goal is to improve livelihoods thru sustainable intensification of farming systems holistically by building partnerships and inclusive market oriented development
  32. Bhoochetana Plus: Consortium  Convergence of seven CG centers, GoK Departments and SAUs.  Applying new innovations selected from the world  Building partnership and developing scaling-up model in four different revenue divisions comprising 10 Agro-Climatic Zones (ACZs)  Orientation of Task Force of CG centers and GoK departments led by Development Commissioner as Chair and Economic Advisor to Hon’ble Chief Minister as Co-chair
  33. Bhoochetana Plus: Pilot and Innovations Sites Four Revenue Divisions & Pilot Districts 1. Bengaluru Tumkur 2. Mysore Chikamangluru 3. Raichur Raichur 4. Belgaum Bijapur
  34. South-South Partnerships  With ASARECA (nine countries in the areas of watershed management)  Exposure-cum-training visits by the senior researchers and policymakers from the ASARECA countries  Two international workshops in the area of watershed management in India and Kenya  Deputation of experts from India to Rwanda for consultation  Sharing of knowledge and expertise  New initiative with AGRA for piloting Bhoochetana  Experience sharing workshop between India, ICRISAT and SEA in IWMI
  35. India-SSA Initative in Eight Countries for Scaling-up Model Sustainable Intensification to bridge the Yield Gaps in Africa through Soil Test-based Nutrient Amendments with Micronutrients (Bhoochetana)
  36. ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium Thank you!
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