Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Pre-breeding By Dr Hima Bindu K
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Pre-breeding, a link between genebanks and breeding programs and create novel, diverse genetic variability by utilizing un-adapted germplasm (exotic landraces and wild species) for ready use in breeding programs.
Pre-breeding: Accessing genes from wild species
Source: Shivali Sharma
Pre-breeding: A link
between genebanks and
breeding programs
Pre-breeding: A link between genebanks and breeding programs
New gene and trait discovery
Breeding programs globally
• Simple cross (bi-parental)
• Complex cross (3-way, 4-
way crosses)
Create novel and diverse genetic variability by utilizing un-adapted germplasm (exotic landraces
and wild species) for ready use in breeding programs
Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of ICRISAT mandate crops
Primary Gene Pool
Secondary Gene Pool
Tertiary Gene Pool
Cajanus cajan and its land
races
C. acutifolius, C. albicans,
C. cajanifolius, C. cinereus
C. lanceolatus,
C. confertiflorus
C. latisepalus, C. lineatus,
C. reticulatus,
C. scarabaeoides,
C. sericeus and
C. trinervius
C. goensis, C. heynei,
C. kerstingii, C. mollis,
C. platycarpus,
C. rugosus, C. volubilis, & other related
genera such as Rhynchosia, Dalbergia,
Flemingo etc.
C. acutifolius
Cicer arietinum, C.
reticulatum (Progenitor
species) and its land races
C. echinospermum
Six annual (C. judaicum, C. bijugum,
C. pinnatifidum, C. chorassanicum, C.
cuneatum & C. yamashitae) and 35
perennial species
Chickpea Pigeonpea
Cajanus scarabaeoides
Primary Gene Pool
Secondary Gene Pool
Tertiary Gene Pool
Pennisetum glaucum & its
landraces, P. glaucum subsp.
monodii, P. glaucum subsp.
stenostachyum
P. Purpureum &
P. squamulatum
Other related species in the
genus C. acutifolius
Arachis hypogaea, A.
monticola (wild tetraploid
speceis) and its land races
29 diploid wild
Arachis species from
section Arachis
Wild species belonging
to eight other Sections
Groundnut Pearl millet
Cajanus scarabaeoides
Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of ICRISAT mandate crops
Limitations of Using Crop Wild Relatives
Flower abortion in chickpea
during wide hybridization
Within accession variability and lack of precise
characterization/evaluation data
Cross-incompatibility
Sterility in inter-specific crosses
Undesirable association between the resistance and pod and
seed characteristics and agronomic traits
Long duration, temperature- and photoperiod-sensitivity of
wild species
Increased duration of the crop as a result of incorporation of
disease resistant genes from wild species
Crop Traits Region
Chickpea Pod Borer ESA, Asia
Dry root rot (DRR) ESA, Asia
Botrytis gray mold (BGM) Asia
Spodoptera Asia
Ascochyta Blight (AB) ESA, Asia
Pigeonpea Phytophthora blight Asia
Pod borer ESA, Asia
Pod fly ESA
SMD and Wilt Asia
Groundnut Late leaf spot WCA, Asia
Early leaf spot, rust WCA
Spodoptera Asia
Soil-borne diseases (Stem/collar rot) WCA, Asia
Aflatoxin Asia, ESA, WCA
Pearl millet Blast Asia
Striga WCA
Biotic stresses: Need to be addressed using novel techniques
Pre-breeding: Present status and future prospects
Chickpea
S.No Cross Generation No. of lines Source
1 ICCV 4958 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC2F5 2522 AB and BGM resistance
2 ICCV 95311 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC2F5 1135 AB and BGM resistance
3 ICCV 10 × C. reticulatum BC2F4 314 BGM resistance
4 JG 14 × C. reticulatum BC2F3 162 DRR resistnce
5 JG 14 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 1082 DRR resistnce
6 JG 14 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 440 BGM resistance
7 ICCV 10 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 1114 BGM resistance
Pigeonpea
1 C. platycarpus × ICPL 85010 BC4F13 138
Photoperiod insensitivity, salinity tolerance and
disease resistance
2 ICPL 85010 × C. acutifolius BC1F14 68 Disease resistance
3 ICPL 85010 × C. volubilis F8 and F10 56 Early maturity
4 ICPL 87119 × C. acutifolius BC2F8 149 SMD and FW resistance
5 ICPL 87119 × C. cajanifolius BC2F8 183 SMD and FW resistance
6 ICP 8863 × C. acutifolius BC2F4 1108 Pod borer tolerance
7 ICP 8863 × C. scarabaeoides BC2F3 679 Pod borer tolerance, phytopthora blight resistance
8
(ICPL 87119 x C. acutifolius) × (ICPL 87119 × C.
scarabaeoides)
4BC1F4 533 Pod borer tolerance
9
(ICP 8863 × C. acutifolius) × (ICP 8863 × C.
scarabaeoides)
4BC1F4 394 Pod borer tolerance
10 ICPL 87119 × C. scarabaeoides BC2F4 288 Pod borer tolerance
Pre-breeding: Present status and future prospects (Cont’d…)
Groundnut
S.No Cross Generation No. of lines Traits
1 ICGV 91114 × (A. duranensis × A. ipaensis) BC2F9 416 LLS resistance
2 ICGV 87846 × (A. kempff-mercadoi × A. Hoehnei) BC2F9 579 LLS and stem rot resistance
3 ICGV87846 × (A. kempff-mercadoi × A. Hoehnei) BC2F10 269 LLS and stem rot resistance
4 ICGV 87846 × (A. duranensis × A. batizocoi) BC2F8 250 LLS and stem rot resistance
5 TMV 2 × (A. duranensis × A. Ipaensis) BC2F6 686 Foliar disease resistance
6 TMV 2 × (A. duranensis × A. Ipaensis) BC1F7 498 Foliar disease resistance
Pearl millet
1 IP 22269 × P. violaceum BC2F6 38
Drought, heat, blast and striga
resistance
2 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC2F3 27
3 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC1F3 26
4 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC2F4 36
5 ICMB 94555 × P. violaceum BC2F5 31
6 ICMB 97111 × P. violaceum BC1F5 14
7 ICMB 97111 × P. violaceum BC2F4 49
Six promising ILs having must-have traits
(SMD and wilt resistance) promoted to initial
varietal trials (IVT) of AICRP on Pigeonpea
A few ILs used as donors in breeding programs
in India and Myanmar
Identified ILs having improved pod borer
tolerance
Development and identification of promising introgression
lines derived from Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs)
Pigeonpea Chickpea
Identified QTLs associated with BGM
resistance derived from wild C. reticulatum
and important agronomic traits using AB-QTL
mapping approach
Three ILs having BGM resistance being used
in breeding programs at GBPUA&T,
Pantnagar
Source: Shivali Sharma
Diversified LLS resistance and identified 29
introgression lines having LLS resistance
introgressed from wild Arachis species other than
commonly used A. cardenasii
Identified 54 stem rot resistant ILs based on
multi-season evaluation
LLS and Rust resistant 29 ILs shared with
breeding programs in India, Mali, Malawi, and
Niamey
Groundnut Pearl millet
Identified flowering-stage heat and terminal
drought tolerant ILs from wild Pennisetum
violaceum
A few ILs being used in breeding programs
Shared pre-breeding populations with pearl
millet breeder in Niger and preliminary screening
identified ILs having resistance for Striga
Heat tolerant IL from POP IV
Striga tolerant
lines
Striga suceptable
lines
Development and identification of promising introgression
lines derived from Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) - Cont'd…
Source: Shivali Sharma
Chickpea
- Identified three BGM resistant ILs, ICCP 171033, ICCP 171418, and ICCP172606 (score ≤ 3.0) derived from multi-parent cross
using wild Cicer species and are being used by breeders in national program.
- Evaluated eight annual wild Cicer species for protein, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cu and Mn and identified promising donor sources for
use in chickpea pre-breeding program
Pigeonpea
- High-yielding ILs derived from wild Cajanus species included in the IVT of AICRP on pigeonpea and being used as donor in
breeding programs in India and Myanmar for developing new cultivars with a broad genetic base
- Developed ILs with improved pod borer tolerance derived from the multi-parent cross approach involving wild Cajanus
acutifolius and C. scarabaeoides as donors
Groundnut
- Developed ILs with high levels of LLS resistance derived from wild Arachis species other than the commonly used, A.
cardenasii; developed ILs with improved stem rot resistance derived from wild Arachis species.
Pearl millet
- Developed ILs with improved flowering-stage heat, terminal drought tolerance and pathotype-specific blast and striga
resistance ILs by using wild Pennisetum violaceum.
Pre-breeding lines available
Integrated pre-breeding
and upstream research
Way forward…
Mascher et al., Nature Genetics 2019
To use the prospects of genomics data derived from sequence information as a universal
monitoring tool at the single-plant level within and between species
In summary…
Effective means for the discovery and transfer of beneficial alleles from
landraces and wild relatives into modern varieties
Pre-breeding lines / polulations available
Seed storage and plant propagation have been in place
Use genomics data/ information as a universal monitoring tool at the single-
plant level within and between species
More precisely facilitate the selection of useful genetic variation and its use in
breeding programs