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Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Pre-breeding By Dr Hima Bindu K

  1. Research Program- Genetic Gains meeting Jan 5-6, 2021 Hima Bindu Kudapa Pre-breeding
  2. Pre-breeding: Accessing genes from wild species Source: Shivali Sharma Pre-breeding: A link between genebanks and breeding programs
  3. Pre-breeding: A link between genebanks and breeding programs New gene and trait discovery Breeding programs globally • Simple cross (bi-parental) • Complex cross (3-way, 4- way crosses) Create novel and diverse genetic variability by utilizing un-adapted germplasm (exotic landraces and wild species) for ready use in breeding programs
  4. Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of ICRISAT mandate crops Primary Gene Pool Secondary Gene Pool Tertiary Gene Pool Cajanus cajan and its land races C. acutifolius, C. albicans, C. cajanifolius, C. cinereus C. lanceolatus, C. confertiflorus C. latisepalus, C. lineatus, C. reticulatus, C. scarabaeoides, C. sericeus and C. trinervius C. goensis, C. heynei, C. kerstingii, C. mollis, C. platycarpus, C. rugosus, C. volubilis, & other related genera such as Rhynchosia, Dalbergia, Flemingo etc. C. acutifolius Cicer arietinum, C. reticulatum (Progenitor species) and its land races C. echinospermum Six annual (C. judaicum, C. bijugum, C. pinnatifidum, C. chorassanicum, C. cuneatum & C. yamashitae) and 35 perennial species Chickpea Pigeonpea Cajanus scarabaeoides
  5. Primary Gene Pool Secondary Gene Pool Tertiary Gene Pool Pennisetum glaucum & its landraces, P. glaucum subsp. monodii, P. glaucum subsp. stenostachyum P. Purpureum & P. squamulatum Other related species in the genus C. acutifolius Arachis hypogaea, A. monticola (wild tetraploid speceis) and its land races 29 diploid wild Arachis species from section Arachis Wild species belonging to eight other Sections Groundnut Pearl millet Cajanus scarabaeoides Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) of ICRISAT mandate crops
  6. Limitations of Using Crop Wild Relatives Flower abortion in chickpea during wide hybridization  Within accession variability and lack of precise characterization/evaluation data  Cross-incompatibility  Sterility in inter-specific crosses  Undesirable association between the resistance and pod and seed characteristics and agronomic traits  Long duration, temperature- and photoperiod-sensitivity of wild species  Increased duration of the crop as a result of incorporation of disease resistant genes from wild species
  7. Crop Traits Region Chickpea Pod Borer ESA, Asia Dry root rot (DRR) ESA, Asia Botrytis gray mold (BGM) Asia Spodoptera Asia Ascochyta Blight (AB) ESA, Asia Pigeonpea Phytophthora blight Asia Pod borer ESA, Asia Pod fly ESA SMD and Wilt Asia Groundnut Late leaf spot WCA, Asia Early leaf spot, rust WCA Spodoptera Asia Soil-borne diseases (Stem/collar rot) WCA, Asia Aflatoxin Asia, ESA, WCA Pearl millet Blast Asia Striga WCA Biotic stresses: Need to be addressed using novel techniques
  8. Pre-breeding: Present status and future prospects Chickpea S.No Cross Generation No. of lines Source 1 ICCV 4958 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC2F5 2522 AB and BGM resistance 2 ICCV 95311 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC2F5 1135 AB and BGM resistance 3 ICCV 10 × C. reticulatum BC2F4 314 BGM resistance 4 JG 14 × C. reticulatum BC2F3 162 DRR resistnce 5 JG 14 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 1082 DRR resistnce 6 JG 14 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 440 BGM resistance 7 ICCV 10 x (C. reticulatum × C. echinospermum) 3BC1F3 1114 BGM resistance Pigeonpea 1 C. platycarpus × ICPL 85010 BC4F13 138 Photoperiod insensitivity, salinity tolerance and disease resistance 2 ICPL 85010 × C. acutifolius BC1F14 68 Disease resistance 3 ICPL 85010 × C. volubilis F8 and F10 56 Early maturity 4 ICPL 87119 × C. acutifolius BC2F8 149 SMD and FW resistance 5 ICPL 87119 × C. cajanifolius BC2F8 183 SMD and FW resistance 6 ICP 8863 × C. acutifolius BC2F4 1108 Pod borer tolerance 7 ICP 8863 × C. scarabaeoides BC2F3 679 Pod borer tolerance, phytopthora blight resistance 8 (ICPL 87119 x C. acutifolius) × (ICPL 87119 × C. scarabaeoides) 4BC1F4 533 Pod borer tolerance 9 (ICP 8863 × C. acutifolius) × (ICP 8863 × C. scarabaeoides) 4BC1F4 394 Pod borer tolerance 10 ICPL 87119 × C. scarabaeoides BC2F4 288 Pod borer tolerance
  9. Pre-breeding: Present status and future prospects (Cont’d…) Groundnut S.No Cross Generation No. of lines Traits 1 ICGV 91114 × (A. duranensis × A. ipaensis) BC2F9 416 LLS resistance 2 ICGV 87846 × (A. kempff-mercadoi × A. Hoehnei) BC2F9 579 LLS and stem rot resistance 3 ICGV87846 × (A. kempff-mercadoi × A. Hoehnei) BC2F10 269 LLS and stem rot resistance 4 ICGV 87846 × (A. duranensis × A. batizocoi) BC2F8 250 LLS and stem rot resistance 5 TMV 2 × (A. duranensis × A. Ipaensis) BC2F6 686 Foliar disease resistance 6 TMV 2 × (A. duranensis × A. Ipaensis) BC1F7 498 Foliar disease resistance Pearl millet 1 IP 22269 × P. violaceum BC2F6 38 Drought, heat, blast and striga resistance 2 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC2F3 27 3 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC1F3 26 4 ICMV 05555 × P. violaceum BC2F4 36 5 ICMB 94555 × P. violaceum BC2F5 31 6 ICMB 97111 × P. violaceum BC1F5 14 7 ICMB 97111 × P. violaceum BC2F4 49
  10.  Six promising ILs having must-have traits (SMD and wilt resistance) promoted to initial varietal trials (IVT) of AICRP on Pigeonpea  A few ILs used as donors in breeding programs in India and Myanmar  Identified ILs having improved pod borer tolerance Development and identification of promising introgression lines derived from Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) Pigeonpea Chickpea  Identified QTLs associated with BGM resistance derived from wild C. reticulatum and important agronomic traits using AB-QTL mapping approach  Three ILs having BGM resistance being used in breeding programs at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar Source: Shivali Sharma
  11.  Diversified LLS resistance and identified 29 introgression lines having LLS resistance introgressed from wild Arachis species other than commonly used A. cardenasii  Identified 54 stem rot resistant ILs based on multi-season evaluation  LLS and Rust resistant 29 ILs shared with breeding programs in India, Mali, Malawi, and Niamey Groundnut Pearl millet  Identified flowering-stage heat and terminal drought tolerant ILs from wild Pennisetum violaceum  A few ILs being used in breeding programs  Shared pre-breeding populations with pearl millet breeder in Niger and preliminary screening identified ILs having resistance for Striga Heat tolerant IL from POP IV Striga tolerant lines Striga suceptable lines Development and identification of promising introgression lines derived from Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) - Cont'd… Source: Shivali Sharma
  12. Chickpea - Identified three BGM resistant ILs, ICCP 171033, ICCP 171418, and ICCP172606 (score ≤ 3.0) derived from multi-parent cross using wild Cicer species and are being used by breeders in national program. - Evaluated eight annual wild Cicer species for protein, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Cu and Mn and identified promising donor sources for use in chickpea pre-breeding program Pigeonpea - High-yielding ILs derived from wild Cajanus species included in the IVT of AICRP on pigeonpea and being used as donor in breeding programs in India and Myanmar for developing new cultivars with a broad genetic base - Developed ILs with improved pod borer tolerance derived from the multi-parent cross approach involving wild Cajanus acutifolius and C. scarabaeoides as donors Groundnut - Developed ILs with high levels of LLS resistance derived from wild Arachis species other than the commonly used, A. cardenasii; developed ILs with improved stem rot resistance derived from wild Arachis species. Pearl millet - Developed ILs with improved flowering-stage heat, terminal drought tolerance and pathotype-specific blast and striga resistance ILs by using wild Pennisetum violaceum. Pre-breeding lines available
  13. Sharing Pre-breeding lines developed
  14. Integrated pre-breeding and upstream research Way forward… Mascher et al., Nature Genetics 2019 To use the prospects of genomics data derived from sequence information as a universal monitoring tool at the single-plant level within and between species
  15. In summary…  Effective means for the discovery and transfer of beneficial alleles from landraces and wild relatives into modern varieties  Pre-breeding lines / polulations available  Seed storage and plant propagation have been in place  Use genomics data/ information as a universal monitoring tool at the single- plant level within and between species  More precisely facilitate the selection of useful genetic variation and its use in breeding programs
  16. Thank You
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