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Extra-early pearl millet hybrids
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Extra-early pearl millet hybrids

  1. Developed via inter-institutional collaboration, integrating marker-assisted, participatory and conventional breeding methods, extra-early pearl millet hybrid HHB 67 Improved has enhanced downy-mildew resistance and yield Extra-early Pearl Millet Hybrids July 2012 HHB 67 and HHB 67 Improved were rapidly adopted by farmers and the seed industry. Principal Scientist CT Hash (in hat) identifying an off-type plant in a field of pearl millet. Pearl millet is an inexpensive source of dietary energy, protein and important nutrients in the dry tropics of Asia and Africa. Fig 1. Two native downy mildew resistance QTL ( ) identified in H 77/833‑2, and two additional QTL ( ) pyramided through marker-assisted selection from donor parent ICMP 451. Fig 2. Grain yield (GY), stover yield (SY) and downy mildew incidence (DM) in HHB 67 and HHB 67 Improved. Overview Large-scale adoption of hybrids in India has contributed to 73% increase in pearl millet productivity during the last 25 years. However, the drier and most drought-prone arid parts of Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat receiving <400 mm of seasonal rainfall, benefitted little from hybrid technology due to lack of adapted hybrids, with early maturity being one of the essential requirements. An extra-early-maturing hybrid, HHB 67 (matures in 65 days) developed on an ICRISAT-bred male- sterile line by CCS Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU) was released in 1990, and was rapidly adopted by farmers in Haryana and Rajasthan. With limited hybrid cultivar options for this zone, and having learned hard lessons about the vulnerability of single- cross hybrids to downy mildew (DM) disease, a proactive breeding effort was initiated by ICRISAT in 1991 to develop more DM-resistant versions of the seed parents of HHB 67. The Innovation ❖❖ HHB 67 was developed at CCSHAU by crossing inbred restorer line H 77/833-2 (bred at CCSHAU) onto an exceptionally early seed parent, 843A (bred by ICRISAT from materials introduced from Kansas State University, USA), reflecting inter-institutional research efforts. ❖❖ Several DM-resistant versions of the seed parent were developed at ICRISAT using conventional pedigree and backcross breeding. ❖❖ Efforts involving ICRISAT and advanced research institutes in the UK had identified two DM resistance QTLs in H 77/833-2. Two more were added using marker-assisted backcrossing (Figure 1) to develop more DM-resistant male parents. ❖❖ HHB 67 Improved, produced by crossing improved DM- resistant seed parent 843-22A with improved restorer parent H 77/833-2-202, was almost free of DM incidence vs. 98% incidence in HHB 67 under high disease pressure (Figure 2). ❖❖ In over 3 years in national trials, HHB 67 Improved gave 1992 kg ha-1 grain yield and 4.5 t ha-1 stover yield (about 10% more than HHB 67). It was released in 2005 by authorities in India, and was the first public-bred field crop developed by marker-assisted breeding to reach farmers’ fields in India. The Impact ❖❖ In 2002 (12 years after its release), HHB 67 was cultivated on about 774,000 ha in Haryana and Rajasthan. Superior performing HHB 67 Improved spread to 875,000 ha by 2011 (6 years after its release). ❖❖ Net additional benefits to the farming community from cultivation of HHB 67 Improved over the local varieties in Rajasthan and over HHB 67 in Haryana in 2011 alone reached Rs 675 million (US$13.5 million). ❖❖ Seed production of HHB 67 Improved gave a net income of US$6.4 million in 2011 alone to the smallholder seed producers in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. It also generated at least 900,000 person days of employment (45% for women). ❖❖ HHB 67 Improved helped stabilize pearl millet production and release land for crop diversification with sesame, cluster bean, and food legumes. The short duration of HHB 67 and HHB 67 Improved also facilitates cultivation of winter season rotational crops such as mustard, wheat and chickpea, thus doubling cropping intensity and substantially increasing incomes. Partners John Innes Centre, Norwich; Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth; University of Wales, Bangor, UK; and Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 100 80 60 40 20 0 1.80 2.00 4.10 4.50 98 0.05 GY SY DM HHB 67 GYandSY(tha-1 ) DMincidence(%) HHB 67 Improved
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