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Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels
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Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels

  1. Sep 2014 Composition analysis of biomass for biofuels Introduction • Composition of biomass feedstocks is highly variable. • High throughput and accurate characterization of biomass feedstocks is a necessity for any biomass-to-biofuels conversion program as it enables evaluation of conversion yields and process economics • Biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. Biomass carbohydrate content is of prime importance because it is directly proportional to ethanol yield. • Fibretherm uses filtration method to determine crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF). It optimizes the digestion of the samples and speeds up the washing and filtration processes. Hence, more number of samples can be handled in a relatively short time. • Calorific value (CV) is the amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a material and is expressed in Kcal/Kg. Higher the calorific value of the biomass the better is it’s suitability for power generation. Methodology • Moisture (%): 1 g of dry biomass sample is taken and moisture percentage is calculated using moisture balance. • NDF (%): 1 g of moisture free sample is taken and placed in a fibrebag along with the spacer with NDF solution in fibretherm. NDF treated sample is washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • ADF (%): The dried sample is run with ADF solution. ADF treated sample is washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • Acid detergent lignin (ADL) (%): The dried samples are transferred to Gooch crucibles and treated with 72% H2 SO4 for 3 hours. The crucibles are washed, dried overnight and weights taken. • Ash (%): The crucibles are placed in muffle furnace at 500°C for 4 hours and weights taken after cooling. • CV (Kcal/Kg): Sample is weighed and placed in a heavy duty stainless steel cylinder referred as “Bomb” which is sealed with oxygen and the sample is ignited electrically. The complete oxidation of the compound releases heat and is measured through the temperature rise of the water by a sensor, which is used to calculate calorific value. Formulae • NDF = ((Dry weight of sample after treatment- Ash) / Initial weight of the sample) * 100 • ADF = ((Dry weight of sample after treatment- Ash) / Initial weight of the sample) * 100 • ADL = ((Dry weight of sample after 72% H2 SO4 treatment- Ash) / Initial weight of the sample) * 100 • Hemicellulose = ((NDF – ADF) / weight of sample) *100 • Cellulose = ((ADF – ADL) / weight of sample)*100 • Silica = ((weight of crucible after ignition - weight of empty crucible)/ weight of sample)*100 • CV = TxW-(CVT+CVW)/M • Where T: rise in temperature (°C); W: water equivalent (Cal/°C); CVT: CV of thread; CVw : CV of ignition wire; M: mass of sample (g) Results • Composition analysis of different types of sorghum Conclusions • The range of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin among sorghum types is high. • High calorific value feedstocks are preferable for bio-power projects. Fibretherm apparatus Digital Bomb Calorimeter For further information please contact: Dr P. Srinivasa Rao, Senior Scientist, Research Program – Dryland Cereals. Email: p.srinivasarao@cgiar.org This work is being undertaken as part of the Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Ash Moisture ICSV 93046 ICSV 25333 Kansas Collier - bmr 6 SSG 59-3 CO 19 RTx 430 - bmr 12 ICSSH 71 ICSSH 28 DBT
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