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Plant genetic resources

  1. Sept 2012 Plant Genetic Resources ICRISAT Genebank The ICRISAT Genebank was established in 1979 Objective ™™ To serve as a world repository for the genetic resources of ICRISAT mandate crops. Responsibilities ™™ Germplasm assembly ™™ Conservation ™™ Maintenance ™™ Characterization and evaluation ™™ Documentation ™™ Distribution Inside view of ICRISAT Genebank. Operational flowchart of ICRISAT Genebank Our Crops – Origin, Domestication and Movement Introduction ™™ Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) contribute enormously towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals of ff food security, ff poverty alleviation, ff environmental protection, and ff sustainable development. ™™ Genetic variation, once considered unlimited, is now finite and vulnerable and fast eroding due to ff modern varieties replacing traditional cultivars, industrialization, urbanization, floods, fire hazards, mining, over grazing and climate change. ™™ PGR must therefore be conserved to combat new pests and diseases, and to produce high yielding cultivars with a broad genetic base and better-adapted to the changing climate. Global germplasm collections ™™ 7.4 million accessions conserved globally in ~ 1750 genebanks. ™™ 11% (741,319 accessions of 3346 species) in 11 CGIAR genebanks ™™ 2% of 166 species in ICRISAT genebank. Cereals 45% Food legumes 15% Forages 9% Vegetables 7% Nuts, Fruits, Berries 6% Roots and tubers 3% Oil crops 3% Fiber crops 2% Sugar crops 2% Others 9% ™™ Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important cereal crop of the world. ™™ Important for food, feed, fodder, beverages, etc. Pearl MilletSorghum Chickpea Pigeonpea Groundnut Small millets ™™ Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food crop in Africa and parts of Asia, and fodder in the Americas ™™ Chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)], is an important food legume. ™™ Rich source of proteins and has multiple uses such as food, feed and as a soil enricher. ™™ Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is used as food, feed, fuel, for fencing, roofing, basket making and as a soil enricher and soil binder. ™™ Groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)] is an important oil seed crop grown for high quality edible oil (36-54%) and easily digestible protein (12-36%). ™™Small millets: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.), foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv), barnyard millet (Echinocloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv, kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roch. Ex Roem. & Schult) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) ™™Small millets are rich in micronutrients.
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