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New sorghum germplasm for high stalk sugar content and biomass yield
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New sorghum germplasm for high stalk sugar content and biomass yield

  1. NEW SORGHUM GERMPLASM FOR HIGH STALK SUGAR CONTENT AND BIOMASS YIELD About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org M Vetriventhan and H D Upadhyaya Genebank, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502 324, Telangana, India INTRODUCTION • Sorghum is a multi-purpose crop, grown for food, feed and bioenergy purposes. • The ICRISAT genebank conserves over 41,000 accessions of sorghum from 93 countries. • Sweet sorghum is a crop analogous to sugarcane with similar accumulation of sucrose but with higher agronomic stability, less water requirement and better tolerance to salinity and drought. • Large variability exists in germplasm collections for stalk sugar content and biomass yield, besides grain yield and other important traits. • Identification of new trait-specific germplasm sources provides an opportunity to incorporate new variations into crop improvement programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS • 916 newly acquired accessions from Bulgaria, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda were characterized for stalk sugar content (Brix %) during the 2013-14 post-rainy season and 140 accessions identified with high Brix % (>13%). • The 140 accessions were evaluated for Brix %, juice content and biomass yield, along with sweet sorghum control cultivar (Urja) in the 2014 rainy and 2014-15 post-rainy seasons in an alpha-design using three replications. RESULTS • Analysis of variance revealed significant variability among germplasm for Brix %, juice weight and bagasse weight in the 916 accessions in the 2013-14 post-rainy season(Figure 1). • On average, Brix %, juice content and bagasse weight were higher in the rainy than in the post-rainy season. • Days to 50% flowering, plant height, and Brix (%) were significantly and positively correlated with juice volume (0.522, 0.615 and 0.397, respectively) and juice weight (0.517, 0.615 and 0.414, respectively) in the rainy while uncorrelated in the post-rainy. • Twenty-seven accessions had significantly higher Brix (15-19.2%) in the rainy season. • Six accessions (IS# 42624, 42899, 42887, 43078, 42952, 42761) from Sudan (belonging to caudatum, caudatum-bicolor, guinea-caudatum or durra-caudatum) had significantly high juice content and bagasse weight than the sweet sorghum cultivar Urja (11% Brix, juice content 1752 g per 10 plants and bagasse weight 1758 g per 10 plants) (Table 1). • However in the post-rainy, none the accessions was significantly superior to Urja although five accessions had Brix % ranging from 15% to 18% compared to 16.2% in the Urja (Table 1). CONCLUSION A significant variability was found in the sorghum germplasm for Brix % and biomass yield. On average Brix %, juice content and bagasse weight in the rainy was higher than in the post-rainy season. Traits such as flowering, plant height, and Brix (%) were significantly associated with juice weight and volume in the rainy whereas uncorrelated in the post-rainy. The six accessions (IS# 42624, 42899, 42887, 43078, 42952, 42761) had significantly high Brix %, juice weight and volume and bagasse weight, and these accessions could be utilized in breeding sweet sorghum cultivars. Sorghum researchers can obtain seed samples of these accessions from the ICRISAT genebank for research purpose following a standard material transfer agreement. Figure 1. Frequency for stalk sugar content (Brix %) in the 916 newly acquired accessions from Bulgaria, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Figure 2. Frequency of juice volume among 140 accessions evaluated in rainy and post-rainy seasons. 136 408 276 83 3 14.98% 59.91% 90.53% 99.67% 100.00% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0.0-5.0 5.1-10.0 10.1-15.0 15.1-20.0 20.1-25.0 Frequency Cumulative % Stalk sugar content (Brix %) Numberofaccessions 0 20 40 60 80 100 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 23 18 35 29 13 8 5 1 3 88 44 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rainy Postrainy Juice volume per 10 plants Numberofaccessions Table 1. Selected high stalk sugar content and biomass yielding accessions in the rainy and post-rainy seasons. Accession Days to 50% flowering Plant height (cm) Brix (%) Bagasse weight per 10 plants (g) Juice volume per 10 plants (ml) Juice weight per 10 plants (g) Weight of 10 plants (g) Grain yield per plant (g) Rainy IS 42624 66 358 16.3 3170 3022 3034 6205 - IS 42899 122 420 17.2 3575 2913 3436 7011 - IS 42887 82 356 17.4 3170 3005 3022 6192 - IS 43078 109 413 17.8 6725 3200 3170 9895 - IS 42952 89 381 18.4 4957 3633 3651 8608 - IS 42761 89 447 19.2 6261 2429 2828 9089 - Urja 63 297 11.2 1758 1771 1752 3510 Trial mean 87 326 12.0 2718 1445 1448 4166 Trial range 44-140 114-465 4--19 446-6725 105-4392 104-4425 611-9895 LSD 7.1 50.9 3.7 1162 783.8 739 1800 Post-rainy IS 42476 84 304 15.0 742 250 240 1045 17.39 IS 43167 77 305 15.2 1315 390 378 1716 46.15 IS 42436 85 301 15.6 968 184 172 1164 15.89 IS 42411 85 323 15.9 1027 195 195 1380 25.24 IS 42416 83 330 18.0 1237 248 238 1498 24.71 Urja 75 283 16.2 1512 1336 1313 2859 40.61 Trial mean 63 223 9.8 947 471 458 1438 30.42 Trial range 46-89 116-340 6-18 347-2045 124-1416 124-1383 489-3079 9-97 LSD 3.7 21.1 2.3 263.3 186.2 182.1 393.6 9.4 Post-rainyRainy March 2018 Pa A0       
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