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Mini core collection - an international public good

  1. Mini Core collection - an International Public Good Nov 2009 Introduction Plant genetic resources are the basic materials for progress in crop improvement and an insurance against unforeseen threats to agricultural production. Greater use of germplasm in crop improvement is needed for sustainable conservation of genetic resources, to protect the natural ecosystems and simultaneously enhance agricultural production for food security. ICRISAT genebank distributed 0.70 million seed samples to researchers in 144 countries and 0.65 million samples to researchers at ICRISAT 77 countries A very small proportion (<1%) of the available germplasm has been used in crop improvement Core collections (10% of entire collection) developed in chickpea, large ICRISAT scientists postulated the mini core (10% of core collection or Mini core collections of chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, pearl Extensive multi-disciplinary screening/evaluation of core/mini core collections at Resistance to biotic stresses Sterility mosaic-8 accessions Resistance to abiotic stresses Drought-18 accessions; salinity-12; high temperature-5 Salinity-16 accessions Salinity-7 accessions Drought-10 accessions; salinity-10 Drought-10 accessions; salinity-10 Early maturing accessions in chickpea (28), groundnut (21) and pigeonpea (19) early maturity. Chickpea: Protein-5; anthocyanin-5 Provided on request 84 sets of mini core and 19 sets of core collections to NARS partners in 20 countries (Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Kenya, Groundnut India (10 each in four locations) Lectin content – India (11) Confectionary type – India (15) in various crops. Number of accessions Crop Entire collection development Core collection Mini core collection Sorghum 2,247 242 Pearl millet 21,594 20,766 2,094 Chickpea 20,140 16,991 1,956 211 Pigeonpea 1,290 146 Groundnut 15,419 1,704 184 Finger millet 5,949 5,940 622 80 Foxtail millet 1,474 155 Flow diagram to establish core and mini core collections in a crop species. Ascochyta blight-6 Early maturity-8 Variation for drought tolerance (root length density) in chickpea mini core. Variation for low temperature tolerance (at germination) (left) and salinity tolerance in groundnut (right). Genotypic variation for root mass (left) and salinity tolerance (right) in chickpea. Early maturity-4 Green fodder-19 Grain yield-9 Finger millet – Seed yield and early maturity (15 accessions in 4 locations) Foxtail millet - Seed yield and early maturity (15 accessions in 4 locations) Conclusions Our strategic research on core and mini core collections and has enhanced usefulness of germplasm to breeders in enhancing improvement programs Characterize and evaluate EC for complete data set Entire Collection (EC) in Genebank Step 1 Step 2 Group 1 Group 2…………………………..Group n-1 Group n Form groups (using taxonomic, morphological and geographic data; accessions from smaller and adjacent countries with similar agroclimatic conditions could be grouped together) Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Clusters Analyse the standardized data sets within each group separately. Use standard clustering procedure to group accessions in clusters in each group. Select 10% of accessions from each cluster, minimum 1 accession if <10 accessions in a cluster to constitute core collection (CC). Compare CC with EC to determine the representativeness in terms of mean, variance, diversity, frequency distributions, etc. CC is representative of EC if these parameters did not differ significantly between the two sets (CC & EC). Evaluate the representative CC in replicated multilocation trial for morphological, agronomical and quality traits to identify parents for use. Use unreplicated data for making subgroups and developing mini core collection (MCC) if the size of CC is too large. ClustersClustersClustersClusters Repeat step 3 and 4 to select MCC that represent CC. Follow step 5 to confirm representativeness of MCC with CC. Mini core is ready for use. Step 7
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