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ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting: Systems Biology Research Initiative @ ICRISAT - by Dr Rajeev K Varshney

  1. Systems Biology Research Initiative @ ICRISAT An update to the Governing Board Rajeev K Varshney on behalf of Team- Systems Biology
  2. Collaborative project on Anemia Project execution & Grant submission An exciting journey so far… 2019
  3. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY Research Modules Gut microbiome Integrative Biology Soil microbiome Two projects- in progress Three project proposals- submitted One projects- in progress One project – will start soon Two project proposals- developed Two projects- in progress Two project proposals- submitted
  4. Gut microbiome for improving human nutrition Research Module I Iron Deficiency Anemia • Adolescent girls Severe acute malnutrition • Under 5 children Type 2 Diabetes • Adults
  5. Project 1: Effect of National IFA (Iron-Folic acid) Supplementation Programme on Gut Modulation and Iron Status among Adolescents Project 2: Efficacy of peanut-pearl millet bar supplementation on gut microbiota health and Iron status among anemic adolescent girls Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents girls Exchange of MoU & Launch of FeFA Girls Project (ICRISAT and ICMR-NIN)- 15 March, 2019
  6. Project 1 Effect of national IFA (Iron-Folic Acid) supplementation programme gut modulation and iron status among adolescents END-POINT SAMPLE/DATA COLLECTION IFA SUPPLEMENTAT ION BASELINE SAMPLE/DATA COLLECTION COHORT RECRUITMENT NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING Whole Metagenome Sequencing Location: Telangana Site: Welfare Hostel Status: Anemic Gender: Female Age: 16-19 years Screened: 527 Girls Anemic: 356 Girls (67%) Mild: 30% Moderate: 55% Severe: 15% COHORT Fecal samples Blood samples Socio-demography Dietary history Anthropometry Menstrual history Diarrheal history Mild 52 Moderate 86 Healthy 72 Mild & Moderate Anemia 60 mg Fe 0.5 mg FA Daily Healthy girls (Prophylaxis) 60 mg Fe 0.5 mg FA Weekly Scheduled: May 2019 Fecal samples Blood samples Anthropometry Side effects 3MONTHS
  7. Project 2 Efficacy of peanut-pearl millet bar supplementation on gut microbiota health and Iron status among anemic adolescent girls • 60 Healthy girls • 60 Mild anemic girls • 60 Moderately anemic girls Cohort Recruitment • 50 gm nutritional bar – Twice daily • 25% Pearl millet • Total Dietary Fiber - 17g Nutritional Supplementation • Baseline Sampling • End-point Sampling • Whole Metagenome Sequencing Gut Microbiota Analysis
  8. *Project 1: Understanding the effect of finger millet based dietary supplementation on anthropometry and gut microbial derangements in uncomplicated severe and moderate acute malnutrition in under 5 children- a multi-centric study *Project 2: Functional assessment of active and secretory IgA targeted and non-targeted bacterial groups in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad Trivandrum Medical College Kerala Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance West Bengal Agribusiness and Innovation Platform ICRISAT CEGSB *submitted for extra-mural funding to the “Indian Council of Medical Research”, Govt. of India Undernutrition in under 5 years children A multi-centric research initiative
  9. *A study to assess the attributes of gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes in Indian population by next generation sequencing (NGS) and metagenomics All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Department of Microbiology  Prof Rama Chaudhry, MD  Dr. Nishant Verma, MD Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism  Prof. R Goswami, MD, DM *submitted for extra-mural funding to the “Indian Council of Medical Research”, Govt. of India Diabetes Cohort Immune Parameters Gut Microbiota Inflammatory Markers IMPACT Formulate dietary solutions using ICRISAT crops for better management of Type 2 diabetes
  10. Facilitation of gut microbiota research @ ICRISAT Malawi Project: Associations of Enteric Dysfunction Disorder (EDD) with stunting in Malawian children Investigator: Wanjiku Gichohi (ICRISAT Malawi) Data Heads • Gut Microbiota • Gut Inflammatory Markers • Systemic Inflammation • Haemoglobin • Iron Status • Zinc Status • Aflatoxin Exposure • Other Risk Factors
  11. Soil microbiome for crop productivity & environmental sustainability Research Module II Soil microbiome • Chickpea Soil microbiome • Pigeonpea Seed microbiome • Chickpea • Pigeonpea • Peanut
  12. A nitrogen-fueled algae bloom in China's eastern Jiangsu province. LIU JIN/AFP/GETTY IMAGES A map showing coastal sites where anthropogenic nutrients, such as nitrogen from fertilizers, have exacerbated or caused low oxygen levels in the water, leading to dead zones (red dots). BREITBURG ET AL, SCIENCE 2018 Why study soil/plant microbiome?
  13.  Enormous increase in food grain production by 25%  Substantial enhancement in crop productivity  Excessive use of agrochemicals for enhanced production  Hazardous impact on soil, plant, environment and human  Enhanced crop productivity  Efficient plant disease management  Reduced use of agrochemicals  Shelf life  On-field stability  Active dose  Coverage area Present Yes BENEFITS SUSTAINABLE APPROACH ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY Absent No Biofertilizers/ Biopesticides Green revolution Sustainable solution Sustainable solution Employing soil microbiome for sustainable solution https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00471/full
  14. Employing soil microbiome: Yield-associated microbiota reducing the burden of fertilizer on land Seeds procured with help from ICRISAT-Chickpea breeding, Pre-breeding and Genebank ICRISAT, Hyderabad IARI, New Delhi CEGSB Microbiology CEGSB IARI-pulse research team Genotypes being studied: • Varieties released before 1960 • Varieties released between 1960-1980 • Varieties released between 1980-2000 • Varieties released after 2000 • Landraces • Wild accessions • Parent of mapping population- • Drought • Salinity • Biotic stress Increasedfertilizeruse • Soil microbiome community structure • Nodule microbiome • Yield-associated soil microbiota • Culturable soil microbial diversity • PGPR characterization • Productivity traits • Soil analysis • Soil microbiome community structure • Nodule microbiome • Yield-associated soil microbiota • Productivity traits • Soil analysis • PGPR characterization • Culturable soil microbial diversity * Red arrows indicate the correlation and integration of data
  15. Integrative Biology Research Module III Drought tolerance • Chickpea Themosensitive male sterile line • Pigeonpea
  16. 60 lines WS 56 lines WW & WS 22 lines WW & WS Integrative Biology- Dissecting drought tolerance in chickpea High throughput- precise phenotyping Genomics Proteomics Metabolomics 3000 lines WW 58 lines WW
  17. Plant phenotype & physiology Floral / anther morphology Cell Biology/ Pollen study Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Integrative Biology- Exploring a TGMS line for a two-line hybrid breeding system in pigeonpea Thermo-sensitive male sterile line Key environmental factors Critical stages Candidate genes Candidate proteins Candidate metabolites
  18. New collaboration & partnership INDIA RPs- GG, Asia, ISD, ESA, SMC CHINA DENMARK AUSTRIA
  19.  Systems Biology Research initiative has started two projects in Research Module I (RM-I), one project in Research Module II (RM-II) and two projects in Research Module III (RM-III)  Three project proposals (RM-I & RM-III) have already been submitted and two project proposals (RM-II) are in the pipeline for extramural funding  Established many national and international collaboration and partnership for the on-going and future research endeavors. Working with different RPs at ICRISAT  The on-going projects will lay the foundations for future large grants and they will provide the initial pilot study results and establish the proof of concept  The support from GB and the MG is greatly appreciated Summary
  20. Thank you very much!
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