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ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting: Multifactorial enhancement of sorghum grain nutrients and biomass energy density for improved human and livestock health and nutrition - by Dr Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur and team

  1. Multifactorial enhancement of sorghum grain nutrients and biomass energy density for improved human and livestock health and nutrition CMBGE: Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur Sudhakar Reddy, Srinivas Reddy Crop Improvement : Ashok Kumar Genomics & Trait Discovery: Santosh Deshpande MIND : Shalander Kumar
  2. Underlying basis of aspiration • Sorghum is a cheap source of nutrition for ~ 500 mn people in Africa and Asia and a forage crop with potential for highest dry matter production under rainfed conditions. • A holistic approach to collectively improve sorghum grain and biomass for human and livestock health and nutrition is proposed. • In collaboration with CSIRO, we will utilize functional genomics and gene editing technologies to unlock full potential of sorghum as a cornerstone of nutritional, food and feed security  Multifactorial enhancement of whole-grain nutrients towards micronutrient- dense sorghum by bringing a novel “thickened aleurone trait” to deliver substantial public health advantages.  “Energy dense biomass” will be developed in sorghum to increase the feed value of sorghum forage through the accumulation of valuable energy-dense storage lipids such as triacylglycerols.
  3. Aleurone and germ portion harbor maximum nutrients ICSV 15013 - red grained sorghum Fe (45 ppm) and Zn (35 ppm) • Dietary fibre Proteins, enzymes Phenolics, lignans Vitamin E • B-group vitamins Minerals and phytic acid Lipids, plant sterols Aleurone, an important sink for micronutrients
  4. • Different genetic and hormonal factors regulate the caryopsis development and aleurone cell fate determination. Increased number of aleurone cell layers can be achieved through DNA hyper-methylation and repression of two negative regulators (Kawakatsu et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2018). • Using advanced breeding technologies such as TILLING and CRISPR-Cas9, we aim to develop thick aleurone trait in sorghum combining with high Fe & Zn varieties that are already available with ICRISAT to desirable multifactorial nutritional benefits. Aleurone cells show surprising plasticity in cereals WT ta2 Single vs thickened aleurone WT ta2 60% increase in Vitamin B6 & B9 50% increase in lipid 20% increasein Vitamin B3 ≥20% increase in Zn, Fe, Mg, K, P,S 80% increase antioxidant capacity 30% increase in fibre Mutations in ta1 and ta2 showed increased aleurone layers and concomitant enhancement in minerals, B vitamins, dietary fibre, lipid, and antioxidants. Liu et al. (2018)
  5. Price premiums for forages with higher energy and digestibility ENO Genotype DM % Ash % N % NDF % ADF % ADL % ME (MJ kg-1) IVOMD % 1 ICSSH 28 91.8 5.6 0.9 52.5 38.8 6.0 7.7 57.1 2 ICSSH 75 90.3 6.1 0.8 52.3 37.8 4.6 7.0 52.2 3 CSH 22 SS 90.9 5.4 0.8 52.1 38.4 5.4 7.1 51.7 4 ICSV 93046 89.9 7.7 0.8 50.2 37.9 4.5 7.0 51.4 5 SSG 59-3 89.8 6.4 0.9 46.3 31.5 4.6 7.3 53.5 Michael Blummel et al., 2018
  6. Oil droplet Turning leaves into oil factories
  7. BootleafSeedsetting Ubi::WRI1+DGAT2+Oleosin PEPC::WRI1+DGAT2+Oleosin Sorghum leaf oil • Sorghum forage quality declines rapidly with increased lignin content • Limited genetic variation in sorghum for leaf lipid levels. • “Leaf Oil technology” has tremendous potential to enhance the metabolizable energy in forage sorghum by biosynthesis and accumulation of leaf oil (target up to 7-8 %). • Gene edited lines will be developed in regionally preferred sorghum varieties to increase feed conversion efficiencies, resulting in higher meat and milk productivity. Developing energy-dense biomass sorghum for fodder/forage 33%1%
  8. BootleafSeedsetting Ubi::WRI1+DGAT2+Oleosin PEPC::WRI1+DGAT2+Oleosin Sorghum leaf oil Ex-ante assessment and understanding production & market dynamics for harnessing potential of the new cultivar Current cultivar replaced with new cultivar having grain nutrition and energy dense biomass Fodder quality enhancement ratio Increased systems profitability Enhanced milk production at low cost Sorghum for more profit and better health Nutrition dense sorghum for consumption
  9. Expected outcomes • Novel sorghum genotypes/varieties possessing nutrient-rich aleurone layer with potential to address malnutrition. • A healthier sorghum grain with improved nutrient composition will generate new market opportunities and will generate interest among the urban masses, potentially enhancing its utilization & gaining traction from markets. • High quality specialty forage critical for subsistence mixed farming systems; as well as reduction in methane emissions. • Dual purpose sorghum lines that possess nutritious grains and high energy forage/fodder to address both human and livestock nutritional deficiencies • New IP, high impact publications, and closer research linkages with CSIRO. The novel traits generated will potentially provide opportunities for secondary agriculture and processing avenues to attract the urban consumers.
  10. Thank You
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