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ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting : Innovations in chickpea breeding for high impacts in farmers’ fields Dr Pooran Gaur

  1. Innovations in chickpea breeding for high impacts in farmers’ fields Pooran Gaur
  2. An exciting journey of 32 years in Chickpea Research & Development …… 1986-1990: Gene Mapping in Chickpea - Commonwealth Scholar at University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada for PhD studies. 1990-2001: Chickpea Breeding, Genetics and Outreach Activities - Assistant Professor to Professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 2001-2018: Chickpea Breeding, Genetics and Outreach Activities - Visiting Scientist to Principal Scientist at ICRISAT
  3. Innovations in chickpea breeding for high impacts in farmers’ fields (1) Developing high yielding, early maturing varieties and understanding genetics of early flowering Genotype Gene ICCV 2, ICCV 96029 efl-1 ICC 5810 efl-2 BGD 132 efl-3 ICC 16641, ICC 16644 efl-4 Allelic relationships of early flowering genes identified four non-allelic early flowering genes in chickpea ICCV 96029 DFF = 30 DM = 81 ICC 16641 DFF = 32 DM = 83 F1 DFF = 54 DM = 107
  4. (2) Breeding for extra-large seeded kabuli (ELSK) chickpea Partners: • ICAR-IIPR , Kanpur • ICAR-IARI, New Delhi • PAU, Ludhiana • MPKV, Rahuri • ARS (RAU), Sriganagnagar • JNKVV, Jabalpur • RRS (PAU), Faridkot • CCSHAU, Hisar • ARS (ANGRAU), Nandyal Development of large-seeded Kabuli chickpea varieties 25-28 g 100 seed-1 34-40 g 100 seed-1 >50 g 100 seed-1 Before 2000 Target of the project After 2000 Achievements and impacts • This network project was instrumental in establishing a strong breeding pipeline for ELSK chickpea in India. • All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) started separate trials for ELSK chickpea. • Several ELSK varieties released in India. • India became importer to exporter of ELSK chickpea. Started breeding for ELSK (>45g 100-seed-1) chickpea varieties when such varieties were not available in India and the demand was being met through import. Project: Development of extra-large seeded kabuli chickpea varieties (2005-2009) supported by the Government of India
  5. (3) Heat tolerance in chickpea • Initiated research on heat tolerance in chickpea through a Government of India-funded project “Improving Heat Tolerance in Chickpea (2009-2014)”. Project partners: ICAR-IIPR,Kanpur; Panjab University, Chandigarh; JNKVV, Jabalpur, RARS, Nandyal Key Achievements and Impacts • Developed an effective screening technique • Sources of heat tolerance identified • Better understanding of the mechanisms of heat tolerance • Identified major QTL for heat tolerance • Breeding lines with enhanced heat tolerance developed • Mainstreamed heat tolerance trait in chickpea breeding • The heat tolerant varieties are becoming popular under late-sown conditions in India, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Heat tolerant Heat sensitive
  6. (4) Machine harvestability and herbicide tolerance Project: Developing chickpea cultivars suited to machine harvesting and tolerant to herbicides (2013-14 to 2017-18) supported by Government of India Partners: ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur; ICAR-IARI, New Delhi; PAU, Ludhiana; RAKCA, Sehore; UAS-Dharwad; RARS-Nandyal Herbicide tolerant Herbicide sensitive Key Achievements and impacts • Breeding lines suited to machine harvesting developed • AICRP started separate trials for machine harvestable lines • Three machine harvestable varieties released in India, which are spreading rapidly • Sources of herbicide tolerance identified.
  7. • Developed protocols for taking 3 generations per year in field, and 6 generations per year in greenhouse. (5) Accelerating Genetic Gains through Rapid Generation Turnover (Speed Breeding) + Germinating immature green seed Extended photoperiod
  8. (6) Adoption and impacts of improved chickpea varieties • During 2001 to 2018, 60 improved chickpea varieties were released in 8 countries from the breeding materials supplied by ICRISAT. • India is the major chickpea producing country (2/3rd of global production) where 53% of the indent of breeder seed in 2018-19 is for ICAR-CRISAT collaborative varieties. In southern states, it was 93% for Karnataka and 100% for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. • ICRISAT-related varieties cover >96% of the chickpea area in Myanmar. Chickpea production increased 4-fold during 2001-2017. • All released chickpea varieties in Tanzania are from ICRISAT-bred materials. Chickpea production increased 4- fold during 2001-2017 • 75% of the varieties released in Ethiopia are from ICRISAT- bred materials. Chickpea production increased 3-fold during 2001-2017. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Yield(kg/ha) Area(100ha)/Production(1000t) Area (1000 ha) Production (1000 t) Yield (kg/ha) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Yield(kg/ha) Area(100ha)/Production(1000t) Area (1000 ha) Production (1000 t) Yield (kg/ha) Myanmar Ethiopia
  9. Acknowledgements • ICRISAT Management • Interdisciplinary Chickpea Team • R&D Partners (NARES, ARIs, NGOs, etc.) • Farmers • Past and present students, Trainees, Research Associates, Research Fellows, PDFs and Visiting Scientists • Research support staff (Scientific Officers, Research Technicians, Field Attendants and other support staff) • Farm and Engineering Services • Government of India, BMGF, ACIAR, IFAD and other donors
  10. Thank You
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