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ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting : Genetic improvement of Pearl millet for West Africa by Dr Prakash Gangashetty

  1. Gangashetty, Prakash Scientist-Pearl millet breeding RP-WCA, Niamey, Niger Governing board meeting 10th April 2019 ICRISAT-Patancheru Genetic improvement of Pearl millet for West Africa Photo credit: Prakash Gangashetty, ICRISAT
  2. Introduction The reduction in the length of the growing- season in Niger, Mali, Senegal and Burkina Faso by 5–20 days since 1960 and a decline in August rainfall of about 40% require development of relatively early maturing cultivars. Mean Area, Production and yield of millets, (FAO,2012) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Burkina Faso Ghana Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Area, production and productivity of pearl millet in West Africa Area (Million ha) Production (Million tonnes) Yield (Kg/ha)
  3. Constraints of pearl millet production in West Africa
  4. Agro climatic zones of West Africa
  5. Pearl Millet Breeding, ICRISAT, WCA PCN1 Early duration pearl millet varieties with disease resistance for adaptation to sahelian zone of West Africa PCN2 Medium duration pearl millet varieties with disease and pest resistance for adaptation to Sudanian zone of West Africa PCN3 High yielding pearl millet hybrids for adaptation to better endowed environments of West Africa Target countries Testing PCN1/Year1 Testing PCN1/Year2/Selected on farm/Demonstration Large scale on farm testing/Demonstration Testing PCN2/Year1 Testing PCN2/Year2/Selected on farm/Demonstration Large scale on farm testing/Demonstration Testing PCN3/Year1 Testing PCN3/Year2/Selected on farm/Demonstration Large scale on farm testing/Demonstration Open pollinated varieties (OPVs) Seed parents program Restorer program Downy mildew Striga hermonthica Millet Head miner Release /Registration Fe and Zn Hybrids Drought
  6. CHAKTI Biofortified (High Fe (60 ppm)), high yielding (1.5 t/ha) and early maturing (65 days) pearl millet variety Released in 2018 15 tons of certified seed produced in Niger for CHAKTI in 2018 Annuaire National 2019 de disponibilité en semences des variétés améliorées au Niger, Source :MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’ELEVAGE
  7. Varieties released in 2018 ICMV 167006ICMV 167003 ICMV 167005ICMV 167002 ICMV 167004 26 tons of certified seed production in 2018 in Niger Annuaire National 2019 de disponibilité en semences des variétés améliorées au Niger, Source :MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’ELEVAGE
  8. Hybrid Pearl millet breeding in WCA • Hybrid pearl millet for Sudanian Zone of West Africa (PCN3) • 200 Hybrids developed with locally adopted restores and CMS • Regional hybrid testing with NARs • On farm testing and release of promising hybrids (ICMH 177111, ICMH 157222) Gangashetty et al., 2016. Preliminary yield testing of single and top cross hybrids of pearl millet in Niger and Senegal (http://drylandcereals.cgiar.org/index.php/preliminary-yield- testing-of-single-and-top-cross-hybrids-of-pearl-millet-in-niger- and-senegal)
  9. Activities - Characterization of the contrasting materials under early and terminal drought stress conditions in both control and field conditions - Identification of relevant traits associated to high yield under drought stress conditions Results and main achievements - Genotypic variation on transpiration in response to early drought indicating different mechanisms of drought tolerance - Terminal drought decreased grains and biomass yield up to 90% - Entries F8xM1_C2, SosatxToronio, LCIC 9702, PE05458 and PE00017 showed highest seed weight, transpiration efficiency, specific leaf area and revealed drought tolerant under both field and lysimeter conditions. Breeding for early and terminal drought stress conditions
  10. Breeding for resistance to pearl millet downy mildew in West Africa Collection and multiplication of DM Isolates – 5 Isolates from Niger (Sadore, Tara, Maradi, Matamaye and Konni) Photo credit: Prakash Gangashetty, ICRISAT DM screening facility at ISC Issa et al., 2018
  11. Breeding for host plant resistance to millet head miner Varieties Damage rating* Mines Length (cm) Larval produ ction index* * PE08043 3.58 ± 0.57 18.63 ± 3.47 17.5 PE00077 4.00 ± 2.51 5.00 ± 1.00 1.25 Moro 4.08 ± 0.52 20.75 ± 3.53 14.15 PE00025 4.62 ±0.56 19.37 ± 3.89 6.87 SNY-03-11 5.00 ± 0.01 19.00 ± 0.15 2.50 PE01490 5.33 ± 2.02 11.50 ± 6.50 2.50 PE05927 6.00 ± 2.50 16.00 ± 2.32 12.50 PE02783 6.12 ± 0.50 35.28 ± 3.84 26.62 GB8735 6.90 ± 0.56 37.85 ± 6.25 8.75 ICMV IS 92222 (sensitive Check) 7 ±0.40 44±3.80 46.87 P<0.05 P<0.05 Good level of resistance to the head miner has been recorded on the local landraces highlighted in green 1 2 3 4 5 6
  12. Genetic studies on host plant resistance to striga in pearl millet • 29 Aw- host plant resistance to striga hermonthica • SOSAT-C88_P10- Susceptible striga hermonthica • Genetic studies - Screened 450 F2 plants form the F1 of cross SOSAT-C88 x 29 Aw • 150 plants – resistant, 300 plants – Susceptible • 3:1 (single recessive gene for resistance) • Striga Control Phase- II (BMGF-KAUST-ICRISAT)- 2019- 2023 Photo credit: Prakash Gangashetty, ICRISAT X SOSAT-C88_P10 29 Aw ICMV 147141 ICMV 147142 ICMV 147144 Striga resistant varieties performance in Striga Sick plot
  13. Breeding pearl millet for improved stover quality – Dual purpose millet • Food grain and fodder – Dual purpose type • High yielding, good stover quality and yield are the target for breeding • Testing the effect of dual purpose millet varieties on sheep productivity performance. • CHAKTI, Local HKP, ICMV 167002, ICMV 167005, ICMV 167006 and ICMH 177111 Photo credit: Dr Clarisse Umutoni, ICRISAT Genotype Grain Yield (t/ha) Stover Yield (t/ha) Metabolisable energy (mj / kg) In Vitro digestibility (%) CHAKTI 1.6 3.9 5.4 47 ICMH 177111 2.5 5.5 6.4 49 ICMV 167005 1.8 5.1 7.9 53 ICMV 167006 1.7 4.2 7.5 51 Local HKP 0.7 3.6 5.2 43
  14. Modernizing ICRISAT and NARs breeding programs in West Africa New Seed store Single head thresher for INERA-Burkina Faso millet program Harvest Master ED-XRF
  15. Multi-location testing pearl millet hybrids (Pennisetum glacum L.) in different agro climatic zones of Niger for adaption to climate change. (2015-2018). Mr. Hassane Zakari, PhD student Capacity building – Masters, PhD and PDF research Dr Riyazaddin, SERB-OPDF “Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to millet head miner (Heliocheilus albipunctella) and determination of quantitative genetic attributes of this resistance in a cross of elite early-maturing pearl mille” (2016-2018) “Genetic studies on gene action and combining ability of pearl millet cultivars in Ghana. (2018-2022). Mr. Peter Asungre, PhD student “Genetic studies on gene action and combining ability for grain Fe and Zn density in West African pearl millet cultivars” at WACCI, Ghana. (2015-2019) Mr. Bassirou Gaoh, PhD student “Studies on heterotic grouping in pearl millet accessions from Niger. (2019-2023) Mr. Ali Koura, PhD student INRAN
  16. • XRF analytical training • Hybrid-parents breeding • Downy mildew screening • Seed production techniques Capacity building Mr Yaya, Master II, Niger Mr Godwin (Nigeria), Ms Harriet (Zimbabwe), Master students from PAU, Ibadan, Nigeria Mrs. Zara, Master II, Niger Mrs. Salamatou, Master II, Niger
  17. Towards development of millet seed sector in West Africa • 3 seed processing units created (managed by women) in 2015 and 2016 • Training farmer seed units on post-harvest operations and seed processing- 5 (packaging, labeling) and marketing • Use of rural radio to create awareness • Establishment of points of sale for seeds in 95 villages in 2018 and it will reach up to 150-170 villages in 2019 • Seed sales points associated with demonstrations.
  18. Current funding for the program HarvestPlus 28% BMGF 45% KAUST, Saudi Arabia 9% McKnight 5% SMIL 3% CRP-GLDC 6% IITA 4% FUNDING (US$)
  19. Donors and Collaborators
  20. Photo credit: Prakash Gangashetty, ICRISAT Thank You for your attention!
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