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Similar to ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting: Drylands in transition - Fast-track identification and upscaling of pearl millet hybrids in Sub-Sahelian Africa under Indo-African Public-Private Sector Partnership - by Dr SK Gupta and team(20)

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ICRISAT Governing Board 2019 PC meeting: Drylands in transition - Fast-track identification and upscaling of pearl millet hybrids in Sub-Sahelian Africa under Indo-African Public-Private Sector Partnership - by Dr SK Gupta and team

  1. Fast-track identification and upscaling of pearl millet hybrids in Sub-Sahelian Africa under Indo-African Public-Private Sector Partnership SK Gupta Rajan Sharma M Govindaraj Prakash Gangashetty Henry Ojulong
  2. Background of idea : Success story of pearl millet hybrids in India • In 1960s, entire about 11 m ha area of pearl millet in India was under OPVs • First Pearl millet hybrid HB-1 released in 1965 • Handful of hybrids in 1960-70s • Era of Downy mildew epidemics (1970-1980s) • 1970s, private sector seed companies started entering pearl millet hybrid breeding • By 1990s about 50% area was under hybrids • By 2000 about 60% area amounting to about 4 to 5 m ha under hybrids
  3. y = 4.2x y = 4.1x y = 13.0x y = 26.3x 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 GrainYield(Kg/ha) 1950-65 1966-80 1981-1995 1996-2015 Period Most distinguishing feature Phase – I 1950-65 Pre-hybrid phase, few open- pollinated varieties and mostly traditional cultivars largely grown Phase - II 1965-80 Witnessed hybrid development in pearl millet, a few hybrids dominated cultivation, periodic downy mildew epidemics were common Phase – III 1981-95 A large number of hybrids based on genetically diverse parental lines developed; downy mildew was largely contained Phase – IV 1996-till date A much larger number of highly diverse seed and pollinator parents used in hybrids targeting niche adaptation in different zones Source: Up-dation from Yadav and Rai 2013 The values indicate annual rate of improvement in pearl millet yield in Kgs/ha/year Hybrids brought change to pearl millet productivity in India!
  4. Pearl millet and downy mildew in India 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1949-50 1952-53 1955-56 1958-59 1961-62 1964-65 1967-68 1970-71 1973-74 1976-77 1979-80 1982-83 1985-86 1988-89 1991-92 1994-95 1997-98 2000-01 2003-04 2006-07 2009-10 2012-13 2015-16 Yield(kg/hectare) Years Downy mildew epidemics
  5. Sahel since 1961: Millet Yield and Area Cultivated vs. Population (FAO, 2015)
  6. Africa represents a significant market ● 54 countries - 1.1 bn population (936 m in SSA) ● High demand for food forecasted (rapid population growth, urbanization) ● Agricultural sector largely reliant on smallholder farmers (70 million in SSA) • Reliance on informal seed channels (commercial seed market accounts for only around 10% of total seed use) ● Seeds demand exceeds supply Access to quality seeds remains an issue – opportunity for seed companies Slide shared by: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
  7. Pearl millet - Global-regions and their major challenges Region Area (m ha) Major countries GY/ha Challenges Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) 4.0 Sudan Tanzania Uganda 0.5 Drought, Striga weed Western and Central Africa (WCA) 16.0 Niger Nigeria Mali Burkina Faso Senegal 0.8 Drought, Striga weed, DM, Insects- Head-miner, low soil fertility Hybrids dominate Asia, while OPVs still cultivated in ESA and WCA
  8. Nedumaran et al. 2014 Millet demand in SA, ESA, and WCA (2010-2050) (IMPACT model) Analysis of future demand scenario of millets
  9. Proof of concept! ESA pearl millet hybrids evaluation Thirty six hybrids from ICRISAT India evaluated at KALRO- Kiboko, Kenya (Kiboko) and DRD-Miwaleni, Tanzania (Miwaleni) during 2012-2014 Hybrids had yield superiority over 30-40% over local checks Seventeen hybrids had average yield across locations and seasons of >3.0 t/ha representing more than 50% yield advantage. Hybrids developed in ICRISAT-Asia could easily fit in ESA conditions Improved Hybrids Local checks
  10. Pearl millet earliness (days to 50% flowering) and grain yield (kg/ha) in Cinzana, Mali, 2013 58 54 56 57 59 61 67 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Pmil-A Pmil-B Pmil-C Pmil-D Pmil-E Local check Sosat Local check Toroniou 518 1423 1524 1992 1659 961 1001 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Pmil-A Pmil-B Pmil-C Pmil-D Pmil-E Local check Sosat Local check Toroniou Seeds2B Africa Program of Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, 2014
  11. 46 46 47 50 54 46 53 52 54 54 55 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 Pmil-A Pmil-B Pmil-C Pmil-D Pmil-E Pmil-F Pmil-G Pmil-H Local check Souna 3 Local check Sosat C88 Local check Thialack 2 Pearl millet earliness (days to 50% flowering) and grain yield (kg/ha) in Sinthiou Malem, Senegal, 2013 2800 3700 3100 4200 1600 4600 1800 2500 3900 2400 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Seeds2B Africa Program of Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, 2014
  12. Two operating models - “Connect & Build” Private Breeders CGIAR Breeders National Program Breeders PPP Breeding Local private Seed-Co Licensing platform (Build model) Seed companies Farmer aggregators Local distributors Trials platform (Connect) Sources of germplasm Slide shared by: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
  13. Road map • Consultations with Indian and African Public and private sector research institutions • Identification of potential released/Pipeline hybrids • Discussions with ICRISAT scientists, Syngenta Foundation • Development of testing network across ESA and WCA regions • Multi-location evaluation of pipeline hybrids • Identification of promising hybrids • Interaction of seed companies across India and Africa to upscale identified hybrids (Business model) • Seed production trainings/ capacity building/….
  14. Challenges • Several pearl millet hybrids evaluated from Indian seed companies in the past • Despite acceptable yields for some of them, not easily convincing for the following reasons: - Short duration - Susceptibility to DM (African pathotypes) - Panicle shape different than local shape • Even if promising hybrids are identified, seed companies not prepared to plan/invest in the commercialization of products
  15. EXPECTED OUTPUTS • In 5 years, about 30-40 pearl millet hybrids on farmers field in some of ESA and WCA countries • Capacity and resources for Hybrid seed production in WCA and ESA • Established NARS-Seed companies strong collaboration across regions
  16. PARTNERS • PMHPRC members- Seed companies (India, ESA and WCA) • Syngenta Foundation • African Seed companies • ICRISAT Expected Budget 1 million USD per annum x 5 years
  17. Way forward • Help to engage other institutions/organizations which have testing networks to join this platform, like Syngenta Foundation, Seed Co and others • Initial support to project proposing team to develop testing network in African locations • ICRISAT management to involve concerned germplasm experts and different agencies (Quarantine, Syngenta Foundation) to develop mechanisms to export seed easily to African countries • ICRISAT management to prepare white paper to strategize on how to convince local governments of African countries for their support to upscale identified hybrids quickly.
  18. Thank You
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