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ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019: Research Program - Crop Improvement update by ICRISAT ESA team

  1. Crop Improvement for Updates ICRISAT East and Southern Africa PRESENTATION DURING ICRISAT’S GLOBAL PLANNING MEETING February 2019 Team ICRISAT ESA
  2. Context 1. Our Market: Demands and Opportunities 2. ESA R&D Crop improvement plan and implementation a) S&T investments b) Delivery of innovations c) New opportunities
  3. Source: Africa’s development dynamics 2018: Growth, jobs and inequalities Market: Client needs and opportunities Africa has 23/33 countries most prone to climate change Climate Change Urbanization level 45% 50% 20352018 Cities of less than 500 000 residents accounted for 67% of urban growth between 2000 and 2018 Urban Transition Implications • Diversified food systems • HH resilience • Income & trade opportunity
  4. ESA R&D Crop improvement plan and implementation 1. Accelerated & targeted breeding a)Improved efficiency of breeding operations 1. Product concepts to guided variety development 2. Breeding cycle management • New crosses to diversify products • More generation advance • Phenotyping, genotyping & data management b)Build and engage partner capacity • Modernization of breeding programs • Human resources (Techs & Scien.) • Automation infrastructure 2. Seed systems, ICM and the future a) Build capacity for EGS production b) Dual systems for seed deployment c) Nutrition integration & crop protection- new threats
  5. S&T investments: Legumes Diversifying variety portfolio 2- 3 product lines based on productivity, end-use and market needs Pigeonpea 1. Medium duration (60%) 2. Long duration (30%) 3. Short duration (10%) Groundnut 1. Medium duration (40%) 2. Long duration (15%) 3. Short duration (45%) Chickpea 1. Short to medium duration (80%) 2. Medium to long duration (20%)
  6. Pigeonpea: Climate resilient, large seeded & Pest tolerant Genotype Days to mature 100 Seed Mass (g) Yield (kg/ha) ICPV 182294 147 24 2195 ICPV 182296 142 25 1887 ICPV 182297 140 23 1720 ICPV 182298 150 21 1602 ICPV 182300 143 26 1587 ICEAP 00850 122 15 652 ICEAP 00557 122 13 365 ICEAP 00554 128 15 357 Forage Intercropping Thrust: Diversification and crop area expansion Same variety in non irrigated and irrigated sites Pest-tolerant, red-podded and cream seeded
  7. Highlights: Groundnut New generation varieties: Release 2-3 per country biannually to in 2-3 years time 1. Diversify genepool 2. 350 crosses annually made for 3. High though-put and effectiveness a) Assessment of molecular markers b) Increasing number of generation cycles c) Optimized testing environments (Rust- Tanzania, GRD-Malawi, insect pests-Uganda, Drought-WCA d) Annually share 2- populations with each NARS e) Entered 3-5 lines in NPT (7) NARS f) Released 5 varieties (1 -Zambia & 4 -Tanzania) g) Account for 80% of EGS in Malawi= (2,395MT) 4. Nutrition and value-added programming. 5. Adaptation to multiple cropping systems 1. Double-up legume 2. Shading tolerance Mtwara Tanzania On-farm research-1500 farmers annually engaged Crop/ parameter Metric Achievement Yield - Groundnut Tons/ha 1.1 Yield - Pigeonpea Tons/ha 0.8 Gross Margin - Groundnut US$/ha 354 Gross Margin - Pigeonpea US$/ha 170 Direct Beneficiaries Households 110,495 Individuals Trained Number 24,269 Crop Diversification FtF index 0.61
  8. Highlights : Chickpea 1) 60 crosses made yield, seed size, stresses 2) 470 segregating population (F2-F5) advanced 3) About 17 lines ready multi location testing in (Ethiopia and Tanzania) 4) Twelve super performing germplasm lines have been evaluated for release by four of NARS 5) Testing rapid generation advance: Achieved 4 generations per year 6) Intensification: evaluated for in wheat belt of Ethiopia and two varieties found suitable. 7) Expanding to Malawi will released in 2019 8) Capacity building: 115 (94M +21F) 9) Root system study has been done Crop expansion: Malawi AB screening site : Ethiopia
  9. S&T investments: Dry land Cereals Diversifying variety portfolio 2- 3 product lines based on productivity, end-use and market needs Sorghum 1. Extra-early to early-maturing dual- purpose (30%) 2. Medium late-maturing (60%) 3. Low temperature tolerant long-duration dual-purpose (10%) Pearl millet 1. Early-maturing (10%) 2. Early to Medium duration (80%) 3. Medium to long duration (10%) Finger millet 1. Medium to long duration (60%) 2. Short duration (40%)
  10. Highlights : Sorghum and millets 1) 84 & 49 crosses made for Pearl & Finger millet 2) NPT: 4 varieties entered in Tanzania & Kenya 3) Hybrids = 25 entered in for pearl millet regional Trial 4) Stresses: Striga, fall armyworm & sorghum necrosis 5) Nutrient dense material breeding 1) Profiling of sorghum, pearl millet & finger millet for (Fe, Zn and protein). 2) Trials: Pearl Millet High Fe Variety Trial: 30 6) Variety releases • 4 for sorghum in Uganda, 3 in Malawi; • 5 Finger millet released in Uganda, 4 in Kenya . 7) Intensification: Adaptability for intercropping. 8) Drudgery reduction • Threshers evaluated • Snap finger millet varieties evaluated 9) Seed systems = 7 tons EGS = 7 tons Stress breeding: Striga, necrosis and fall army worm 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 FMD FMG FM688 FM758 P224 PM19270 PM19299 PM10868 PM8798 PM01 PM6757 Zinccocnetrationppm Variety Zn conc. in finger & pearl millet
  11. Automation: Use of digital data capture systems
  12. Gender yield gap in Groundnut: Malawi • Jointly managed plots produced the highest groundnut yields • Male managed fields had higher yields (784.37kg/ha) than female led in matrilineal households (643.22kg/ha). • Joint management occurs more in matrilineal households and yields better than male managed and female managed plots. • For crop improvement- need encourage joint management of groundnut production 784.37 478.81 726.48 643.22 645.66 1121.98 585.51 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Mangochi (Matrilineal) Mchinji (Matrilineal) Mzimba (Patrilineal) Kgs/ha Male managers Female managers Joinlty managed
  13. Deriving value from dryland cereals and grain legumes Assorted products: Malt product, yoghurt, milk all primarily based on pigeonpea
  14. Emergent and strategic thrusts Underpin sustainable food production Increased yield on less resources Improved varieties, GAPs, sustainable intensification Water use efficiency Stress tolerance: endemic and new threats Multi-use varieties: food, feed & fuel Crop & variety diversification Crop area expansion Labour and time-use efficiency Drudgery: Prodn & proc. Efficient & effective operations Automation Leverage partner capacities & resources
  15. Thank You
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