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Supporting the mission of ICRISAT using Geospatial tools

  1. Murali Krishna Gumma RS-GIS laboratory Resilient Dryland Systems ICRISAT, Patancheru KSI, May 08th , 2015 Supporting the mission of ICRISAT using Geospatial tools Identifying the opportunities for intensifying drylands
  2. RS/GIS team South Asia Anthony Whitbread Murali K Gumma Irshad Ahmed Deepika Uppala Ismail Rafi ESA Andre Van Rooen Albert Chirima Gizachew Legasse WCA PCS Traore & Team
  3. Outline 1. How Geospatial data can contribute to agricultural research? 2. Crop type / crop intensity mapping / changes 3. Contributions to CRPs
  4. Geospatial products for the SAT Research groups • Breeders • System modelers • Social scientists • Hydrologists • Planning departments Crop type / intensity maps Land use changes Tracking adoption of NRM Technologies Spatial modeling (Prioritization) Simulated yield estimations and impact Crop LGP Abiotic stresses Impact assessment
  5. Satellite Spatial resolution (m) Spectral bands Pixels/ha $/Sq.km AVHRR 1000 4 0.01 Free MODIS 500/250 36 (7) 0.04 Free Landsat ETM+ 30 7 11.1 Free Landsat 8* 30 11 11.1 Free NAIP-AP 1 1 10000 Free AWiFS 56.5 4 207 0.01 IRS Liss3 23.5 4 18.1 0.15 ASTER 15 4 44.4 0.04 IRS Liss4 5.6 3 400 1.19 RapidEye 5 5 400 1.23 IKNONOS 4 3 625 5.02 Cartosat1 2.5 PAN 1600 6.59 GeoEye1 2 4 2500 12.05 SPOT 10 4 100 1.01 Remote sensing imagery: Global to local at resolution * Landsat 8 effective from March 2013 (up to date free satellite images) …..so we now get very high quality data (e.g., Landsat 8 for free!!!).
  6. Field to global scale mapping WS level @ 1m Global scale @ 10km China Soviet Union India Iran Mongolia Pakistan Burma Afghanistan Thailand Indonesia Laos Oman Japan Vietnam Nepal Papua N Guin Malaysia Cambodia Bangladesh Korea D P Rp Korea Rep Philippines Sri Lanka Bhutan Untd Arab Em Taiwan Brunei Australia 150°0'0"E 150°0'0"E 120°0'0"E 120°0'0"E 90°0'0"E 90°0'0"E 60°0'0"E 60°0'0"E 30°0'0"N 30°0'0"N 0°0'0" 0°0'0" Continental wise – Asia @ 500mRegional – Africa @250m River basin – Krishna @ 30m Country – Ghana @ 30m 30 m Asia rice map (2010) 01. Rainfed - rice 02. Irrigated - surface water-rice 03. Irrigated - groundwater - rice 04. Irrigated - conjunctive use - rice Legend level3_50cls-to-14cls_atankwidi.img Class_Names Barrenlands lands Barrenlands mix with Rangleands Irrigated-Shallow Groundwater-Vegetables Rainfed-LS-mixed crops Rainfed-MS-mixed crops Rangelands mix with fallows, Short shrubs Rangelands-Rainfed fallows Rangelnads Mix with Barren ladns Riverbed and bare soils Savannah, Forest (Trees) Savannah, Trees, Short shrubs Settlements Short shrubs, trees Water bodies http://www.croplands.org/
  7. Methods and approaches for mapping cropland extent
  8. Feb 2011_MVC Mar 2011_MVC Apr 2011_MVC May 2011_MVC Temporal satellite images(MODIS 250m) Rescaled NDVI 0 1 Jan 2014 Feb 2014 Mar 2014 Apr 2014 May 2014 Jun 2014 Jul 2014 Aug 2014 Sep 2014 Oct 2014 Nov 2014 Dec 2014
  9. Ground data collection
  10. Band1 17-Jan-14 Band2 18-Feb-14 Band3 18-Mar-14 Band4 18-Apr-14 Band5 18-May-14 Band6 18-Jun-14 Band7 18-Jul-14 Band8 18-Aug-14 Band9 18-Sep-14 Band10 18-Oct-14 Band11 18-Nov-14 Band12 18-Dec-14 Band13 2-Jan-15 Band14 18-Jan-15 Band15 2-Feb-15 Band16 18-Feb-15 Band17 5-Mar-15 Ideal Spectral signatures
  11. Mapping crop land areas in Africa(2014) Major crops (2014) 01. Rainfed-sc-sorghum 02. Rainfed-sc-millets/sorghum 03. Rainfed-sc-groundnut 04. Rainfed-sc-pigeonpea 05. Rainfed-SC-maize/sorghum/millet 06. Other crops
  12. Land use / land cover Area (ha) 01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops 6372292 02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum 1815141 03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize 2001659 04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly 2479437 05.Rainfed mixed Crops (vegetables etc) 3245085 06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS 742929 07.Irrigated_mixedcrops 3885358 08.Rainfed_Rice 425107 09.Rangeland/fallow 8707126 10.Range lands/Shrublands 31388136 11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress 33157504 12.Barenlands/Sanddunes 13747506 13.Forest 4671170 14.Waterbodies 697645 15.Builtup 40946 11,33,77,041 Level5_mod250_2014_lulc_15cls.img 01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops 02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum 03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize 04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly 05.Rainfed mixed Crops 06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS 07.Irrigated_mixedcrops 08.Rainfed_Rice 09.Rangeland/fallow 10.Range lands/Shrublands 11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress 12.Barenlands/Sanddunes 13.Forest 14.Waterbodies 15.Builtup Mapping crop land areas in Ethiopia (2014) Gumma et al., (Preparation)
  13. Gonji qolella East site West site LULC Mapping in Ethiopia (Amhara region)
  14. Mapping crop land areas in Malawi (2014) (Gumma et al., Prep)
  15. Mapping crop land areas in Tanzania
  16. Mapping crop land areas in Mali (2014)
  17. Land Use Land Cover changes in Kani Village of Mali (1991, 2002 and 2013) Birhanu & Gumma., 2015SC = Single crop
  18. Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
  19. Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
  20. Methods and approaches Spatial analysis for Prioritization Gumma et al., 2015
  21. 1st Priority Prioritization of watersheds: Semi-arid tropcs ! ! Adulala Kechema Gumma et al., 2014
  22. Methods and approaches for delineating groundwater potential zones Gumma et al., 2013
  23. Inland valley area and % area cultivated in Ghana 1. IV wetland area: 11.4 % (2,714,946 hectares) of the total geographic area of Ghana which is 23,853,300 hectares. 2. IV wetland cultivation: < 5% (130,000 ha) of IV wetlands are currently cultivated. Color key Colors indicate characteristically similar inland valley wetlands in biophysical terms. Gumma et al., 2009
  24. Total land area = 446 Mha Total cropland area = 205 Mha Croplands of South Asia 2014-2015 Land use / land cover (area in 000'ha): 2014-15 01. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Rice-Fallows/Mixedcrops (4477) 02. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Wheat-Pulses (219) 03. Irrigated-TC-Rice/Mixedcrops-Rice-Rice/Mixedcrops (3046) 04. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Rice (6975) 05. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Wheat/Chickpea (21358) 06. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Maize/Beans/Pulses (8293) 07. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Sorghum-Pulses/Chickpea (2238) 08. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Maize/Beans-Mixedcrops (3697) 09. Irrigated-DC-Cotton/Pigeonpea-Mixedcrops (2686) 10. Irrigated-DC-Beans-Mustard (1427) 11. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Maize-Wheat/Chickpea (11554) 12. Irrigated-Conjunctive-DC-Millet/Sorghum/Beans-Wheat/Chickpea (17212) 13. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pigeonpea-Chickpea/Mixedcrops (141) 14. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pulses-Wheat/Chickpea/Mixedcrops (4812) 15. Irrigated-DC-Sorghum/Maize/Beans/Gnut-Wheat/Chickpea (22699) 16. Irrigated-DC-vegetables/rice- fallow (225) 17. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops-Chickpea (9898) 18. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops/Sugarcane (8221) 19. Rainfed-DC-Rice-Fallows (2176) 20. Rainfed-DC-Maize-Pigeonpea (102) 21. Rainfed-Rice/Maize/Mixedcrops (5107) 22. Rainfed-SC-Cotton/Pigeonpea/Chilli/Mixedcrops (21511) 23. Rainfed-SC-Wheat/Mustard/Chickpea (1142) 24. Rainfed-SC-Maize/Beans/Mixedcrops (5050) 25. Rainfed-SC-Millet/Beans/Sorghum/Fallow (32793) 26. Rainfed-SC-Sorghum/Millet/Maize/Rice (4885) 27. Rainfed-SC-Pulses/Fallows (16516) 28. Rainfed-SC-Mustard/Maize/Chickpea-mix (500) 29. Rainfed-SC-Mixedcrops (4709) 30. Irrigated-SC-Sugarcane/Banana (4141) 31. Rangelands/Shrublands/Rainfed-Fallows (19328) 32. Barrenlands/Shrublands/Wastelands (104544) 33. Forest (89149) 34. Waterbodies (1818) 35. Built-up (3336)
  25. ICRISAT Mandate crops in South Asia Class_Name Millet (5348103 hectares) Kharif + Rabi sorghum ( 4322140 hectares) ICRISAT Crops (2013-14) Sorghum Millets Groundnut Pigeonpea Chickpea Groundnut (774300 hectares) Groundnut (1.67 Mha)
  26. Chickpea crop extent: India Land use / land cover (2014-15) Rainfed - supplemental - chickpea Irrigated - croplands Rainfed - croplands Water bodies Urban areas Other LULC
  27. Rice – fallows (rabi fallows) in India (2014-15) level6_2014-15_rice-fallow-12cls.img 01. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallows 02. Rainfed-supplemental-rice-fallows 03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-fallows 04. Rainfed-SC-rice/mixedcrops-fallow 05. Rainfed-DC-rice-pupses 06. Irrigated-DC-rice-pulses 07. Irrigated-DC-rice-rice 08. Irrigated-DC-rice-wheat/maize 09. Irrigated-TC-rice-rice-mixed crops 10. Irrigated-SC-banana/rice/sugarcane 11. Rainfed-Lowlands-rice 12. Rainfed-SC-mixedcrops-fallows 13. Other LULC 14. Water bodies 15. Urban areas Country Net rice area (000'ha) Rainfed- rice- fallows (000'ha) Irrigated- rice-fallows (000'ha) Pakistan 2,173 23 2 Nepal 1,665 13 102 Bhutan 28 0 2 Bangladesh 8,306 83 2,275 Sri Lanka 744 2 2 India 43,439 4,941 3,258
  28. Identifying rice-fallows 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Dec-11 Feb-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Dec-12 Nomalizeddifferencevegetationindex Month LSWI NDVI Fallow window Summer rice Monsoon rice
  29. Crop intensity Crop intensity Single crop Double crop Triple crop
  30. Kharif: Length of growing periods (LGP) LGP (Kharif) 01. Jun-Oct 02. Jun-Nov 03. Jul-Sep 04. Jul-Oct 05. Jul-Nov 06. Jul-Dec 07. Aug-dec
  31. Rabi: Length of growing periods (LGP) LGP (Rabi) 01. Oct-Feb 02. Oct-Jan 03. Nov-Apr 04. Nov-Feb 05. Dec-Mar 06. Dec-Apr 07. Jan-Mar 08. Feb-Apr
  32. Summer: Length of growing periods (LGP) LGP (Summer) 01. Feb-Apr 02. Feb-May 03. Mar-Jun
  33. Planting dates Planting dates 01. Jun, 1st to 30th 02. Jul, 1st to 15th 03. Jul, 16th to 30th 04. Aug, 1st to 15th 05. Aug, 16th to 30th 06. Sept, 1st to 15th 07. Sept, 16th to 30th 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 NDVI&LSWI Date NDVI LSWI Planting Harvesting
  34. Temporal changes due to various stresses in agriculture areas Abiotic stresses Flood damage Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought
  35. Abiotic stresses: 2002 a) Abiotic stresses Abiotic stresses Flood damage Mild drought Moderate drought Severe droughtGumma et al., 2014
  36. Mapping crop land areas in Myanmar (2013 -14) Land use / land cover 01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice-LS 02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-LS 03. Rainfed-DC-rice-pulses-LS 04. Rainfed/irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS 05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops 06. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs) 07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixedcrops 08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixedcrops 09. Water bodies 10. Built-up lands 11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land co Land use / land cover Area (ha) 01. Rainfed - lowlands-flood-rice-LS 407230 02. Rainfed - SC-rice-fallow-LS 788431 03. Rainfed - DC-rice-pulses-LS 3233464 04. Rainfed / irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS 1813600 05. Irrigated - SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops 417852 06. Rainfed – SC - mixed crops-LS(30% shrubs) 5547140 07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixed crops 777788 08. Shrub lands mix with rainfed mixed crops 3400884 099. Water bodies 574173 10. Built-up lands 96840 11. Evergreen forests/shrub lands/other land cover 50222483 Net rice area 6,660,577 Gross rice area 8,474,177 Pulses area 3,651,316 Pulses
  37. Potential areas for grain legumes: Myanmar Regions / Province Rice-fallows (ha) Ayeyarwady 33900 Bago East 13204 Bago West 36078 Chin 1017 Kachin 10618 Kayah 4560 Kayin 5026 Magway 70722 Mandalay 91006 Mon 4683 Rakhine 25353 Sagaing 281352 Shan (East) 3131 Shan (North) 14697 Shan (South) 43250 Tanintharyi 2756 Yangon 25877
  38. Expansion of Chickpea in AP Land use / land cover Groundnut / sorghum / fallows Maize / mixed crops Cotton-chilli Orchards / mixed crops Rice-mixed crops Other LULC Chickpea Year 2000-01 Year 2012-13
  39. 389,361 ha 558,713 ha Expansion of Chickpea Districts Area (ha) MODIS-2000 MODIS-2005 Modis-2012 Anantapur 34777 51304 84493 Cuddapah 30343 69258 117903 Kurnool 68113 140511 196793 Prakasam 35129 128288 159524 168362 389361 558713 168,362 ha Gumma et al., (review)
  40. Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems Land use / land cover changes at the action sites
  41. Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems Land use / land cover at the action sites
  42. Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems No data 1 - 750 751 - 1,500 1,501 - 2,000 2,001 - 2,805 No data 1,001 - 2,000 2,001 - 3,000 3,001 - 4,000 > 4,000 Crop Wet Biomass (Nandihal ) Crop Wet Biomass (Mannur and Balaganur) Biomass estimation (Bijapur sites)
  43. Contribution to CRP: Water, land and ecosystems Land use / land cover maps for the action sites Rice growing areas (2012-13) 01. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-TP 02. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice (50%)-TP 03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-DS 04. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-TP 05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-moxedcrops/fallow-DS 06. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-DS 07. Rainfed-supplemental-SC-rice/mixedcrops-TP 08. Irrigated-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP 09. Rainfed-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP/DS 10. Plantaions/orchards 11. Water bodies 12. Urban areas Other land use / land cover Districts Net rice area: 1.1 mha Gumma et al., (review) SIRVAR KAVITAL MANVI KALLUR Transplanted Rice (25-30 days crop) Direct Seeded Rice (30-35 days crop)
  44. Land use / land cover (2014) 01. Rainfed-SC-rice 02. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops, rice / shrubs mix 03. Rainfed-supplemental-DC-rice-pulses 04. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops/shrubs mix 05. Rangelands / fallows 06. Shrub lands / Rainfed-SC-mixed crops 07. Shrub lands/forest 08. Forests 09. Waterbodies / wetlands 10. Built-up lands Note: SC = Single crop; DC= Double crop Mapping crop land areas in Laos (2014) Contribution to CRP: CCAFS
  45. Conclusions • Mapped agriculture areas for Asia and Africa • Conducted intensive ground data for priority countries • Tested methods at country level • Support to multidisciplinary teams
  46. Next steps 1. Map cropland areas for Africa 2. Develop automated techniques using open source software 3. Dissemination of geospatial outputs across institute 4. Conducting capacity building courses at institute wide 5. Collaborations with other CG centres and other research organizations
  47. Thank you
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