Advertisement
Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Upcoming SlideShare
Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Sorgh...Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Sorgh...
Loading in ... 3
1 of 1
Advertisement

More Related Content

Slideshows for you(20)

Similar to Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)(20)

Advertisement

More from ICRISAT(20)

Advertisement

Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

  1. About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Nov 2019 Evaluation of fungicides for their efficacy against seed-borne fungi of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) BD Devamani, P Humayun and Rajan Sharma Plant Quarantine Unit, Research Program - Asia, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru-502324, Telangana, India Table 1. Details of fungicides tested. Fungicides Trade name Dosage(g/kg of seeds Carbendazim 50% WP Bavistin 3 Mancozeb 75%WP Dithane M - 45 3 Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63%WP Saaf 3 Thiram 75 WP Thiram 3 Carbendazim +Thiram 1:1 ratio 3 Tebuconazole 50%+Trifloxystrobin 25%WG Nativo 0.5 Captan 50% WP Captaf 3 Captan 70%+ Hexaconazole 5% WP Taqat 2 Tricyclazole 75% WP Beam 2 Tebuconazole 2% DS Raxil 1.5 Metalaxyl 35% WS Metal 2 Metalaxyl 4%+ Mancozeb 64% WP Ridomilgold 2 Tridemefon 25% WP Bayleton 2 Chlorothalonil 75%WP Kavach 2 Myclobutanil 10% WP Index 2 Dimethomorph 50% WP Acrobat 2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP Roko 2 Fig. 2. Seed germination in treated and untreated groundnut seed. Introduction Groundnut germplasm exchange has played a significant role in crop improvement programmes by providing wide genetic diversity world over. However, there is an inherent risk of introduction of new exotic pathogens or new/more virulent races of a pathogen into new areas. The basic principle of plant quarantine is to regulate the movement of seed material to mitigate the associated pest risk. Salvaging, a process of disinfecting infected seed, is an important quarantine strategy to prevent the introduction of new pathogens or virulent races into new areas. Groundnut seed is known to be infected by a large number of seed-borne fungal pathogens that necessitates the identification of effective fungicides for seed treatment. Therefore, an effort was made to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides against seed-borne fungi of groundnut to select the best fungicide for seed treatment. Material and Methods The Infected seeds were treated with fungicides to eradicate seed borne fungi (Table 1). Seeds treated with different fungicides were assayed for seed borne fungi by employing standard blotter method; untreated seeds served as a control. The Petri plates containing treated and untreated seeds were incubated at 22 ±2 °C under near ultra violet (NUV) light with 12h alternate cycles of light and dark for seven days. After incubation, seeds were examined for the presence of fungi under stereo-binocular microscope. The fungi were identified based on the morphological characters (Ellis, 1971; Barnett, 1972; Ahmed KM and Ravinder Reddy Ch 1993) and data were expressed as percent infected seed. Results and discussion ▪▪ Seven fungi, Aspergillus niger (89%), Aspergillus flavus (17%), Aspergillus spp. (9.5%), Penicillium notatum (7.5%), Rhizopus sp. (35.5%), Rhizoctonia bataticola (11.5%) and Fusarium sp. (4%) were detected in the infected groundnut seeds in control plates (Fig 2 & 3). ▪▪ Seed treatment with Saaf @ 3 g/kg seed significantly reduced (96%) seed borne fungi over control (Fig 1). ▪▪ The presently recommended fungicide, carbendazim + thiram (1:1) @ 3 g/kg seed, being used for salvaging the infected groundnut seeds recorded 94 percent reduction over control followed by Nativo @ 0.5 g/kg seed (92%). ▪▪ In addition to reduction in seed borne fungal infection, there was increase in seed germination as well (Fig. 2). Treated Untreated Conclusion Seed treatment with Saaf (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63%WP) @ 3 g/kg seed could be recommended to eliminate the seed borne fungal infection in groundnut for the safe exchange of seed material as well as cleaning of groundnut seed for regeneration for conservation. References Ahmed KM and Ravinder Reddy Ch. 1993. A pictorial guide to the identification of seedborne fungi of sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, chickpea, and groundnut. Information Bulletin no.34. Patancheru. AP 502324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 200pp. ISBN 92-9066-251-4. Burnett HL. 1972. Illustrated genera of Imperfect Fungi. Burges Pub Com., Minnesota, 213 pp. Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Kew, Surrey, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 608 pp.Fig. 1. Percent reduction of fungal infection by different fungicides. Fig.3. Photomicrographs of groundnut seed borne fungi. Percentreductionoffungal infectionovercontrol Fungicides Growth and sporulation of Aspergillus niger on seed Growth and sporulation of Penicillium notatum on seed Sclerotia of Rhizoctonia bataticola on seed Growth and sporulation of Rhizopus sp. on seed Growth and sporulation of Fusarium sp. on seed Growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus on seed Conidia and conidiophore of Penicillium notatum Conidia of Macrophomina phaseolina Sporangiophore and sporangiospores of Rhizopus sp. Conidia and conidiophore of Aspergillus niger Growth and sporulation of Aspergillus spp. on seed Micro and macro conidia of Fusarium sp.
Advertisement