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Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of India
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Direct dry-seeded and transplanted rice system of cultivation in the dry zoneDirect dry-seeded and transplanted rice system of cultivation in the dry zone
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Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of India

  1. Emerging impact of direct dry-seeded rice in the semi-arid region of India JB Soriano1, SP Wani1, AN Rao2, KH Anantha1, KL Sahrawat1, JAC Gowda1, A Rathore1 1International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru - 502 324, Telangana State, India 2ICRISAT Development Center and International Rice Research Institute -South Asia Hub at ICRISAT, Patancheru - 502 324, Telangana State, India Around 24 million ha of the 141 million ha cultivable lands of India are kept fallow in some cropping season of the year due to limited canal water supply, insufficient rainfall and lack of resources for cultivation. Fallow paddy fields can be used for growing crops during the post-rainy season by utilizing residual moisture and improved nutrient management practices with minimum supplemental irrigation. Improving the production of food crops to meet the increasing demand, enhancing resource use efficiency and farm income, and sustaining better rice-based cropping systems are major challenges in the semi-arid region that should be addressed extensively. Field studies were conducted in Raichur district of Karnataka state, India to assess the performance of direct dry- seeded rice cultivars (Samba Mahsuri, Gangavathi Sona and Prasanna) during the rainy season 2013 and 2014 in rotation with dryland crops (chickpea, mustard and green gram) following rice during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 post-rainy seasons. Sowing in zero-tilled field DDSR field Chickpea Green Gram Mustard DDSR field at vegetative stage Performance of DDSR-based cropping systems a Mean grain yield of Gangavathi Sona; b Mean results of transplanted rice (TPR) system from 15 rice farmers within the experimental site; c Significance levels compared to transplanted rice: ns P>0.05, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01. Production or cropping system Mean grain yield (t ha -1 ) Rice equivalent yield (t ha -1 yr -1 ) Production efficiency (%) Productivity Cost of production (US$ ha -1 yr -1 ) Net returns (US$ ha -1 yr -1 ) B: C ratio Economic efficiency (%) Rainy season Post- rainy season Land (US$ ha -1 ) Water (US$ m -3 water ha -1 ) Labor (US$ ha -1 ) DDSR a - Chickpea 4.08 1.06 5.28 * c 19 2,693 ** 0.26 ** 432 ns 680 * 2,013 ** 2.9:1 34 DDSR - Mustard 4.08 0.28 4.54 ns 2 2,317 ** 0.23 ** 415 ns 607 ** 1,710 ns 2.8:1 14 DDSR - Green Gram 4.08 0.48 5.00 * 13 2,548 ** 0.25 ** 460 ns 640 * 1,907 ** 2.9:1 27 Transplanted Rice b 4.43 - 4.43 - 2,194 0.16 424 753 1,504 2.0:1 - Conclusion Cropping system involving direct dry- seeding of Gangavathi Sona, followed by chickpea achieved higher production efficiency, land and water productivity, and economic returns compared to TPR system. • The yield difference among dryland crops was attributed to both biomass production and harvest index Yield, biomass and harvest index 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 2013 2014 Grainyield(tha-1) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 2013 2014 Above-groundbiomass(tha-1) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2013 2014 Harvestindex(%) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 2013-14 2014-15 Grainyield(tha-1) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2013-14 2014-15 Above-groundbiomass(tha-1) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2013-14 2014-15 Harvestindex(%) Chickpea Mustard Green Gram ab a b a a b a c b b a c a a a b a b a a a a c b a b a a b b a b b a b ab Resource use • Medium maturing rice cultivars must be used if sowing time can be done within the month of June, while early maturing rice cultivars is recommended if sowing time can be done between 1st and 2nd week of July • Sowing of chickpea and green gram can be done from 4th week of October up to 2nd week of November, while sowing of mustard must be adjusted from 4th week of October until 1st week of November 20 60 100 140 180 2013 2014 Landuse(dayha-1) 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2013 2014 Wateruse(m3ha-1) 54 58 62 66 70 2013 2014 Laboruse(dayha-1) 0 10 20 30 40 2013-14 2014-15 Laboruse(dayha-1) Chickpea Mustard Green Gram 0 100 200 300 400 2013-14 2014-15 Wateruse(m3ha-1) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2013-14 2014-15 Landuse(dayha-1) a b c a a c b c a a c b a a a a a a a b b a a b a b c a b c a b c a a b DDSR field at vegetative stage This study was carried out as part of the Bhoo-Samrudhi project which was initiated by the Government of Karnataka and coordinated by ICRISAT Development Center with the participation of various CGIAR institutions including IRRI, Joint Department of Agriculture and University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur, Karnataka state, India. Valuable support of the participating farmers during the conduct of the field experiments is much appreciated.
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