
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important constraints to crop production in Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Mediterranean Europe (Sharma 2005). Atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased from 280 ppm during the pre-industrial period to 396 ppm in 2013 (Mauna Loa Observatory: NOAA-ESRL), and is anticipated to double by the end of the 21st century (IPCC 2007).