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Develpment of short duration chickpeas

  1. Development of Short-duration Chickpeas Background Over 85% of the chickpea growing areas is in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of South and southeast Asia and eastern Africa. Here,chickpea is grown rainfed on residual soil moisture and often experiences moisture stress (drought) and/or high temperatures at reproductive (flowering and pod-filling) stages. Short-duration cultivars have an advantage in such areas as these can escape end-of-season stresses by maturing early. Hence,ICRISAT’s chickpea breeding program has placed high emphasis on development of short duration cultivars. Progress in development of short-duration chickpea cultivars ICRISAT in collaboration with national agricultural research system (NARS) partners has developed several high yielding, wilt resistant, early maturing desi (ICCC 37, JG 11, ICCV 88202, JG 130 and JAKI 9218) and kabuli (ICCV 2, KAK 2, Chefe, Sasho, JGK 1 and JGK 2) cultivars. Two super-early desi chickpea lines (ICCV 96029 and ICCV 96030) have also been developed, which mature in 75-80 days. These have been extensively used as donor parents for earliness in several countries. Impacts of short-duration chickpea cultivars Short-duration chickpea cultivars developed through ICRISAT-Indian NARS partnerships accounted for about one-third of the total indent of chickpea breeder seed in India during the past 8 years (2002/03 to 2009/10). maturing kabuli cultivars (ICCV 2, KAK 2, Sasho, Chefe, JGK 1, JGK 2, LBeG 7) has extended kabuli chickpea cultivation to warmer short-season environments, such as southern India, Myanmar and Tanzania. Kabuli chickpea cultivars presently cover over 60% of the chickpea area in Myanmar. Short duration chickpea cultivars, kabuli type Yezin 3 (ICCV 2) and Yezin 5 (ICCV 3) and desi type Yezin 4 (ICCV 88202) and Yezin 6 (ICCV 92944), cover over 80% of the chickpea area in Myanmar. During 1998 to 2007, the chickpea production in Myanmar increased by 153% due to 85% increase in area and 36% increase in the productivity. New super-early chickpea lines with maturity duration similar to ICCV 96029 and ICCV 96030 but with larger seeds and improved resistance to fusarium wilt have been developed. Three different genes (non-allelic) for Studies on super-early chickpea lines in northern India indicate that these can be grown as short-duration catch crops between rice (rainy season) and wheat (post-rainy season) crops for vegetable purposes (immature green grains used as vegetable). A short-duration heat tolerant desi chickpea breeding line, ICCV 92944, has been released as Yezin 6 in Myanmar and as JG 14 in India. An early (left) and a late (right) maturing cultivar. New super-early lines (center 2 rows) and desi chickpea cultivar JG 11 (right). ICCV 96029 (75-80 days) ICCV 2 (85-90 days) KAK 2 (90-95 days) The short-duration chickpea cultivars (JG 11, ICCC 37, JAKI 9218, ICCV 2, KAK 2, Vihar, LBeG 7) developed through ICRISAT-Indian NARS partnerships cover over 80% of the chickpea area in Andhra Pradesh state of southern India. Adoption of these cultivars has led to a 9-fold increase in production (from 95,000 to 884,000 t) due to 3.8-fold increase in area (163,000 to 628,000 ha) and 2.4-fold increase in productivity (583 to 1407 kg ha-1) during the past 10 years (1999/00 to 2008/09). The desi chickpea variety, JG 11, is presently the most popular variety in Andhra Pradesh, and is grown in over 60% of the chickpea area. Andhra Pradesh once considered a low productive state for chickpea due to warm and short-season environments now has the highest chickpea yield (1.4 t ha-1) in India. ICCV 2, an extra early kabuli chickpea cultivar, in Tanzania (left) and Myanmar (right). JG 11 in Andhra Pradesh, India. Nov 09
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