Short duration chickpeas

1. Development of Short-duration Chickpeas
Background
Over 85% of the chickpea growing areas is in the semi-arid
tropics (SAT) of South and southeast Asia and eastern Africa.
Here,chickpea is grown rainfed on residual soil moisture
and often experiences moisture stress (drought) and/or high
temperatures at reproductive (flowering and pod-filling) stages.
Short-duration cultivars have an advantage in such areas as
these can escape end-of-season stresses by maturing early.
Hence,ICRISAT’s chickpea breeding program has placed high
emphasis on development of short duration cultivars.
Progress in development of short-duration chickpea
cultivars
ICRISAT in collaboration with national
agricultural research system (NARS) partners
has developed several high yielding, wilt
resistant, early maturing desi (ICCC 37, JG
11, ICCV 88202, JG 130 and JAKI 9218) and
kabuli (ICCV 2, KAK 2, Chefe, Sasho, JGK 1
and JGK 2) cultivars.
Two super-early desi chickpea lines (ICCV
96029 and ICCV 96030) have also been
developed, which mature in 75-80 days.
These have been extensively used as donor
parents for earliness in several countries.
Impacts of short-duration chickpea cultivars
Short-duration chickpea cultivars developed through ICRISAT-Indian NARS partnerships accounted for about
one-third of the total indent of chickpea breeder seed in India during the past 8 years (2002/03 to 2009/10).
maturing kabuli cultivars (ICCV 2, KAK 2, Sasho, Chefe, JGK 1, JGK 2, LBeG 7) has extended kabuli
chickpea cultivation to warmer short-season environments, such as southern India, Myanmar and Tanzania.
Kabuli chickpea cultivars presently cover over 60% of the chickpea area in Myanmar.
Short duration chickpea cultivars, kabuli type Yezin 3 (ICCV 2) and Yezin 5 (ICCV 3) and desi type Yezin 4
(ICCV 88202) and Yezin 6 (ICCV 92944), cover over 80% of the chickpea area in Myanmar. During 1998
to 2007, the chickpea production in Myanmar increased by 153% due to 85% increase in area and 36%
increase in the productivity.
New super-early chickpea lines with
maturity duration similar to ICCV 96029
and ICCV 96030 but with larger seeds
and improved resistance to fusarium wilt
have been developed.
Three different genes (non-allelic) for
Studies on super-early chickpea lines
in northern India indicate that these can
be grown as short-duration catch crops
between rice (rainy season) and wheat
(post-rainy season) crops for vegetable
purposes (immature green grains used as
vegetable).
A short-duration heat tolerant desi
chickpea breeding line, ICCV 92944, has
been released as Yezin 6 in Myanmar and
as JG 14 in India.
An early (left) and a late (right) maturing cultivar.
New super-early lines (center 2 rows) and desi chickpea cultivar JG 11 (right).
ICCV 96029 (75-80 days) ICCV 2 (85-90 days) KAK 2 (90-95 days)
The short-duration chickpea cultivars (JG 11,
ICCC 37, JAKI 9218, ICCV 2, KAK 2, Vihar,
LBeG 7) developed through ICRISAT-Indian
NARS partnerships cover over 80% of the
chickpea area in Andhra Pradesh state of
southern India. Adoption of these cultivars has
led to a 9-fold increase in production (from
95,000 to 884,000 t) due to 3.8-fold increase
in area (163,000 to 628,000 ha) and 2.4-fold
increase in productivity (583 to 1407 kg ha-1)
during the past 10 years (1999/00 to 2008/09).
The desi chickpea variety, JG 11, is presently the
most popular variety in Andhra Pradesh, and is
grown in over 60% of the chickpea area.
Andhra Pradesh once considered a low
productive state for chickpea due to warm and
short-season environments now has the highest
chickpea yield (1.4 t ha-1) in India.
ICCV 2, an extra early kabuli chickpea cultivar, in Tanzania (left) and Myanmar (right).
JG 11 in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Nov 09